• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.41-45
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• 2015

From 20nm technology node, the finFET has become standard device for ULSI's. However, the finFET process made stacking gate non-volatile memory obsolete. Some reported capacitor-less DRAM structure by utilizing the FBE. We present possible non-volatile memory device structure similar to the dual gate MOSFET. One of the gates is left floating. Since body of the finFET is only 40nm thick, control gate bias can make electron tunneling through the floating gate oxide which sits across the body. For programming, gate is biased to accumulation mode with few volts. Simulation results show that the programming electron current flows at the interface between floating gate oxide and the body. It also shows that the magnitude of the programming current can be easily controlled by the drain voltage. Injected electrons at the floating gate act similar to the body bias which changes the threshold voltage of the device.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2015

The flow field structures of dual jet-in-cross-flow were examined experimentally for in-lined perforated damage holes configuration using particle image velocimetry. Ensemble averaged in-plane velocity and vorticity data in the jet were determined to study the mean jet structure. Jets are formed by pressure differences between upper and lower airfoil surface. The flow structure of vicinity of the thru holes consist of a vortical structure that wrap around the jets like a horseshoe and develop further downstream through a pair of stream-wise vortices. The shape, size and location of the horseshoe vortex were found to be dependent on the angle of attack. In spite of the existence of battle damage holes, the effect on the control force was insignificant when the damage size was not large enough.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.383-391
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• 2011

As we know the effects of cache memory research, instruction and data caches can be separated for higher performance with Harvard CPUs. In this paper, we shows the efficiency of buffer system in the instruction and data flash storage medium. And we analyzed characteristics of the data and instruction flash and evaluated the performance. Finally, we propose the best buffer structure with an optimal block size and buffer size for the instruction and data flash.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1294-1302
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• 2008

A design approach for a radiation element of dual polarization, which can be implemented in the waveguide structure, is proposed. For minimization of the radiating element, the ridged waveguide type is used and for dual polarization, the microstrip type of printed dipole structure is additionally installed inside the waveguide. In order to validate the design approach, $1{\times}4$ array antenna is fabricated and its performances such as return loss, co-polarization coupling between adjacent channels, and radiation patterns are investigated. Theory and experiment are observed to be in good agreement. The radiating structure is thought to be a useful one in an application to the phased array antenna system, in particular, requiring dual polarization characteristics.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a dual-structured self-attention method that improves the lack of regional features of the vision transformer's self-attention. Vision Transformers, which are more computationally efficient than convolutional neural networks in object classification, object segmentation, and video image recognition, lack the ability to extract regional features relatively. To solve this problem, many studies are conducted based on Windows or Shift Windows, but these methods weaken the advantages of self-attention-based transformers by increasing computational complexity using multiple levels of encoders. This paper proposes a dual-structure self-attention using self-attention and neighborhood network to improve locality inductive bias compared to the existing method. The neighborhood network for extracting local context information provides a much simpler computational complexity than the window structure. CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 were used to compare the performance of the proposed dual-structure self-attention transformer and the existing transformer, and the experiment showed improvements of 0.63% and 1.57% in Top-1 accuracy, respectively.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.915-923
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• 2008

This paper focuses on optimal tuning of nonlinear parameters of a dual-input power system stabilizer(dual-input PSS), which can improve the system damping performance immediately following a large disturbance. Until recently, various PSS models have developed to bring stability and reliability to power systems, and some of these models are used in industry applications. However, due to non-smooth nonlinearities from the interaction between linear parameters(gains and time constants of linear controllers) and nonlinear parameters(saturation output limits), the output limit parameters cannot be determined by the conventional tuning methods based on linear analysis. Only ad hoc tuning procedures('trial and error' approach) have been used. Therefore, the steepest descent method is applied to implement the optimal tuning of the nonlinear parameters of the dual-input PSS. The gradient required in this optimization technique can be computed from trajectory sensitivities in hybrid system modeling with the differential-algebraic-impulsive-switched(DAIS) structure. The optimal output limits of the dual-input PSS are evaluated by time-domain simulation in both a single machine infinite bus(SMIB) system and a multi-machine power system in comparison with those of a single-input PSS.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2009

This raper proposes a dual-bandstop filter, which is based on a metamaterial transmission line using the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) and dual composite right/left-handed (D-CRLH) structures. The metamaterial structure is used for miniaturization and dual-bandstop operation at the TDMB frequency range (195 MHz) and DVB-T/H frequency range (670 MHz). The size of the proposed filter is $30{\times}15\;mm$, and the -10 dB bandstop fractional bandwidth is approximately 73 % and 50 % at each frequency, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.777-781
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• 2002

Recently, an optical disc system has been proposed using blue laser diode, high NA objective lens and groove only disc structure. A new method is needed to readout CD and DVD in this blue system. In order to readout CD and DVD in HD-DVD system, we adopted dual-lenses actuator in consideration of optical utilization efficiency, optical performance and insurance of sufficient W.D (working distance). This dual-lenses actuator has two objectives in radial direction, one is for CD/DVD and the other is for HD-DVD. We had to solve the induced problems of DC tilt increase, $2^{nd}$ resonance deterioration and AC sensitivity drop caused by disposing two lenses in an actuator. Especially, to solve AC sensitivity drop, we introduced two 2-pole magnets and separated focus and track magnetic circuits. Consequently we presented that dual-lenses actuator has been possessed good performance. And we measured eye patterns of CD, DVD and HD-DVD by using HD-DVD optical pick-up with dual-lenses actuator.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.355-356
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• 2016

The THO/TREX complex consists of several conserved subunits and is required for mRNA export. In metazoans, THO/TREX binds a subset of mRNAs during RNA splicing, and facilitates their nuclear export. How THO/TREX selects RNA targets is, however, incompletely understood. In our recent study, we reported that THO is loaded onto Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) precursor transcripts independent of splicing, and facilitates convergent transcription in Drosophila ovary. The precursors are later processed into mature piRNAs, small noncoding RNAs that silence transposable elements (TEs). We observed that piRNAs originating from dual-strand clusters, where precursors are transcribed from both strands, were specifically affected by THO mutation. Analysis of THO-bound RNAs showed enrichment of dual-strand cluster transcripts. Interestingly, THO loading onto piRNA precursors was dependent on Cutoff (Cuff), which comprises the Rhino-Deadlock-Cutoff (RDC) complex that is recruited to dual-strand clusters by recognizing H3K9me3 and licenses convergent transcription from he cluster. We also found that THO mutation affected transcription from dual-strand clusters. Therefore, we concluded that THO/TREX is recruited to dual-strand piRNA clusters, independent of splicing events, via multi-protein interactions with chromatin structure. Then, it facilitates transcription likely by suppressing premature termination to ensure adequate expression of piRNA precursors.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.347-355
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• 2014

The general octree structure is common for various applications including computer graphics, geometry information analysis and query. Unfortunately, the general octree approach causes duplicated sample data and discrepancy between sampling and representation positions when applied to sample continuous spatial information, for example, signed distance fields. To address these issues, some researchers introduced the dual octree. In this paper, the weakness of the dual octree approach will be illustrated by focusing on the fact that the dual octree cannot access some specific continuous zones asymptotically. This paper shows that the primal tree presented by Lefebvre and Hoppe can solve all the problems above. Also, this paper presents a three-dimensional primal tree traversal algorithm based the Morton codes which will help to parallelize the primal tree method.