• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.17-29
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of the household labors that are performed by dual income families. The methodology that has been applied in this study was a qualitative research based on in-depth interviews of a total of 10 people(8 housewives, 2 husbands) selected from the 8 different families. The 8 different families have been selected in order to identify the different family lives and the various household labor patterns that are conducted by both the working husband and the working wife. As a result, we have found out that working wives still had to manage their time in an extremely busy manner in order to balance their professional work with their household tasks. However, the household work that was being shared by the husbands also seemed to vary dynamically according to the different family situations. Although, it has shown that household tasks are divided by the person's sex, the amount of household tasks that are shared tended to increase according to the life cycle of each family.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.398-410
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• 2017

This work presents the design of a dual extended Kalman filter (EKF) as a state/parameter estimator suitable for adaptive state-of-charge (SoC) estimation of an automotive lithium-iron-phosphate ($LiFePO_4$) cell. The design of both estimators is based on an experimentally identified, lumped-parameter equivalent battery electrical circuit model. In the proposed estimation scheme, the parameter estimator has been used to adapt the SoC EKF-based estimator, which may be sensitive to nonlinear map errors of battery parameters. A suitable weighting scheme has also been proposed to achieve a smooth transition between the parameter estimator-based adaptation and internal model within the SoC estimator. The effectiveness of the proposed SoC and parameter estimators, as well as the combined dual estimator, has been verified through computer simulations on the developed battery model subject to New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) related operating regimes.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

Leading national R&D project to design a PWR spent nuclear fuel interim dry storage system that has been under development since mid-2009, which consists of a dual purpose metal cask and concrete storage cask. To ensure the safe operation of dry storage systems in foreign countries, major confinement monitoring techniques currently consist of pressure and temperature measurement. In the case of a dual purpose metal cask, a pressure sensor is installed in the interspace of bolted double lid(primary and secondary lid) in order to measure pressure. A concrete storage cask is a canister based system made of double/redundant welded lid to ensure confinement integrity. For this reason, confinement monitoring method is real time temperature measurement by thermocouple placed in the air flow(air intake and exit) of the concrete structure(over pack and module). The use of various monitoring technologies and operating experiences for the interim dry storage system over the last decades in foreign countries were analyzed. On the basis of the analysis above, development of the confinement monitoring technology that can be used optimally in our system will be available in the near future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.65-73
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is development of universal engine model for integrated Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) simulator and a optimization of engine model. The engine model of this study is based on the MATLAB Simulink for universal and include engine fuel economy technologies for HEV. Various engine fuel economy technologies for HEV is estimated by commercial engine 1-D simulation program - WAVE. And, the 1-D simulation model of base version is compared with engine experiment result. The analyzed engine technologies with 1-D simulation are Dual-CVVT, Atkinson-Cycle and Cylinder-Deactivation System. There are improvement of fuel economy and power performance with Dual-CVVT model at part load and full load, pumping loss reduction with Cylinder-Deactivation System at idle and regeneration. Each estimated technologies are analyzed by 1-D simulation on all operation region for base data to converse simulink. The simulink based engine model maintains a signal with ECU for determination of engine operation point.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.309-318
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• 2015

This study proposes a dual-output single-stage bridgeless single-ended primary-inductor converter (DOSSBS) that can completely remove the front-end full-bridge alternating current-direct current rectifier to accomplish power factor correction for universal line input. Without the need for bridge diodes, the proposed converter has the advantages of low component count and simple structure, and can thus significantly reduce power loss. DOSSBS has two uncommon output ports to provide different voltage levels to loads, instead of using two separate power factor correctors or multi-stage configurations in a single stage. Therefore, this proposed converter is cost-effective and compact. A magnetically coupled inductor is introduced in DOSSBS to replace two separate inductors to decrease volume and cost. Energy stored in the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor can be completely recycled. In each line cycle, the two active switches in DOSSBS are operated in either high-frequency pulse-width modulation pattern or low-frequency rectifying mode for switching loss reduction. A prototype for dealing with an $85-265V_{rms}$ universal line is designed, analyzed, and built. Practical measurements demonstrate the feasibility and functionality of the proposed converter.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.81-90
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• 2009

Due to environmental issues, the development of low energy consumption products has become one of the main topics in the home appliance industry. The energy consumption of a refrigerator depends on the efficiency of its compressor as well as on the refrigerator cycle design, such as the capacity modulation. In this study, a dual capacity, i.e., two-step capacity modulation (TCM), reciprocating compressor is developed. In a TCM compressor, capacity modulation is achieved by changing the dead volume in the cylinder. Instead of a concentric sleeve, an eccentric sleeve, a key, and a spring are used to change the dead volume for the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of a motor. When the compressor changes its operating mode from full capacity to partial capacity or in opposite direction, the key may collide with the eccentric sleeve. The structural reliability and mode change reliability were confirmed by analysis and experiment.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1301-1304
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• 2008

In this study, we used a multiple phase scheme for the clock in the dual-pull-down driver for TFT display panels. In this scheme, the turn-on time for the transistors in the dual-pull-down structure was reduced from 1/2 to 1/4 or 1/8 of the period cycle time. While keeping proper operation of the transistor size of circuit was fine tuned to achieve an optimal performance. The relation between the active time and the transistor dimensions was obtained for the optimal design.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1240-1245
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• 2009

The throughput characteristics of the cluster tool with dual blade robot are analyzed. Using equipment's cycle time chart of the equipment, simple analytic form of the throughput is derived. Then, several important throughput characteristics are analyzed by the throughput formula. First, utilization of the process chamber and the robot are maximized by assigning the equipment to the process whose processing time is near the critical process time. Second, rule for selecting optimal number of process chambers is suggested. It is desirable to select a single process chamber plus a single robot structure for relatively short time process and multi process chambers plus a single robot, namely cluster tool for relatively long time process. Third, throughput variation between equipments due to the wafer transfer time variation is analyzed, especially for the process whose processing time is less than critical process time. And the throughput and the wafer transfer time of the equipments in our fabrication line are measured and compared to the analysis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.423-434
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• 2011

A female hormone, estrogen, is linked to breast cancer incidence. Estrogens undergo phase I and II metabolism by which they are biotransformed into genotoxic catechol estrogen metabolites and conjugate metabolites are produced for excretion or accumulation. The molecular mechanisms underlying estrogen-mediated mammary carcinogenesis remain unclear. Cell proliferation through activation of estrogen receptor (ER) by its agonist ligands and is clearly considered as one of carcinogenic mechanisms. Recent studies have proposed that reactive oxygen species generated from estrogen or estrogen metabolites are attributed to genotoxic effects and signal transduction through influencing redox sensitive transcription factors resulting in cell transformation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion of the breast cancer. Conjuguation metabolic pathway is thought to protect cells from genotoxic and cytotoxic effects by catechol estrogen metabolites. However, methoxylated catechol estrogens have been shown to induce ER-mediated signaling pathways, implying that conjugation is not a simply detoxification pathway. Dual action of catechol estrogen metabolites in mammary carcinogenesis as the ER-signaling molecules and chemical carcinogen will be discussed in this review.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06e
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• pp.69-72
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• 2000

This paper describes an SRAM write driver circuit which dissipates small power. The write driver utilizes a dual sized transistor structure to reduce operating current in the write cycle. In the case of higher voltage comparing to Vcc, only one transistor is active, while in the case of low Vcc two transistors are active so as to deliver the current twice. Thus though with the high voltage operation, the power consumption is reduced with keeping the speed in a given specification. Simulation results have verified the functionality of the new circuit and write power is reduced by 7 % per bit.