• 한국연초학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of dehydration process and quality of cured leaves with crushed midribs and cut of the yellowed leaves during drying stage of flue-cured tobacco. The crushed midribs of yellowed leaf dried out before raising the highest temperature of midrib drying stage and reduced the curing time by about 20 hours. However, the cut of yellowed leaf was not affected the curing time and dehydration process during drying stage of flue-curing due to a problem with the cut leaves packing excessively in the curing container. The cured weight yield was increased with crushed midrib and cut leaves, and nicotine and sugar contents of cured leaves and quality in terms of dollars per kilogram were decreased with crushed midrib and cut leaves.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of common fodder tree leaves with goats fed at 50% of total ration. In experiment 1, leaves from six fodder tree species i.e., Ailanthus aitissima, Elaeagnus angustifolic, Morus alba (Mulberry), Populus spp, Robina pseudoacacia and Salix babylonia were harvested in spring and winter from northern areas of Pakistan. Chemical composition and apparent in situ dry matter digestibility (DMD) of fodder tree leaves were measured. Results showed that crude protein (CP) values were higher (p<0.05) in all the species during spring compared to winter (17.9% vs 12.0%). The concentration of NDF in Elaeagnus and Robinia was higher in spring, whereas no seasonal difference was found in other species. In situ DMD was higher (p<0.05) in Ailanthus and Populus at spring while it was higher (p<0.05) in Elaeagnus, Mulberry and Robinia at winter. There was no (p<0.05) seasonal effect on in situ DMD of Salix. In experiment II, four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric rations viz., A, B, C and D were prepared containing 50% (winter harvested) sun dried leaves of Salix, Robinia, Mulberry and Elaeagnus, respectively and 50% concentrate. Dry matter and crude protein intakes were higher (p<0.05) given ration A (Salix) whereas DM and CP digestibility was lowest (p<0.05) given ration B. Nitrogen retention was higher (p<0.05) given ration A. Goats fed on fodder tree leaves and concentrate showed moderate intake and digestibility.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.502-509
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• 1995

In other to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of dry edible leaves on serum lipids, four kinds of powdered leaves(persimmom, mulberry, perilla, and soy bean) were added to experimental diets at the levels of 5%(w/w). The diets were fed to 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 4 weeks and weighing 60$\pm$5g, for 3 weeks. Food intake was the largest in Group 1(control), with 5% of cellulose powder, while food efficiency was the highest in Group 2(persimmon). Total cholesterol level in serum was lower in Group 5(soybean) and Group 4(perilla) than the other groups. In comparison with Group 1, HDL-cholesterol level was very high in Group 4 and atherogenic index was low in Groups 4 and 5. Free cholesterol level was the highest in Group 2, and was the lowest in Group 1. Both LDL and LDL-cholesterol levels were the lowest in Group 1, while they were very high in Groups 2 and 3(mulberry). Triglyceride level was the lowest in Group 4, and the highest in Group 1. Except Group 3, all groups had lower phospholipid level than Group 1. Compared with Group 1, calcium level in serum was low in Groups 3, 4 and 5, magenesium level was low in Groups 2, 3 and 5, phosphate level was high in Group 4, and iron level was exceptionally low in Groups 4 and 5. In conclusion, Group 4(perilla) and Group 5 (soybean) showed a favorable effect in atherogenic index and serum levels of various lipids.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 1993

가을에 파종한 사초용유채(Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera cv. Swiss)의 생육기간 동안의 질소대사와 관련하여 건물수량 및 조단백질의 축적정도를 규명하기 위해. 생육기간중 수량 및 조단백질 함량을 측정하고, 엽내 carbon, nitrogen 및 hydrogen 함량을 비교. 분석하였다. 월동기인 '91년 11월 7일부터 '92년 2월 4일 동안의 생초량 및 건물량의 축적은 매우 적었으며, 엽내 C함량은 건물 1g당 382mg에서 435mg으로 증가하였으나. 질소 및 조단백질 함량은 55mg에서 46mg 및 345mg에서 289mg으로 각각 감소하였다. 월동후 춘계 재생초기(2월 3일부터 3월 30일까지) 동안 생초수량의 점차적인 증가에 따라 엽내 C함량은 일당 37mg의 감소를 보였으나, 월동기 동안 감소 되었던 N함량은 다소 증가를 보였다. 영양생장기(3월 31일)부터 추태기인 4월 16일까지 일당 개체당 생초 및 건물축적량은 각각 5.2g 및 0.5g으로 전 생육기간중 가장 높았는데, 엽내의 C/N 의 정상적인 균형을 유지하며 직선적인 증가를 보였고, 조단백질 함량 역시 지속적인 축적이 있었다. 이 시기 이후 개화최성기('92년 5월 19일)까지 엽내 C, N, H 및 조단백질 함량은 공히 유의적인 감소를 보였는데, 특히 N과 조단백질 함량이 추태기에 비해 각각 45.7% 및 46%의 감소로 뚜렷하였다 이들 결과들은 월동기나 월동 후 초기재생 기간중 식물체내 C/N 균형의 현저한 변화를 가져오며, 춘계 영양생장기에서 추태기 동안(3월 31일부터 4월 16일까지)가장 원활한 물질대사에 따라 엽내의 건물 및 조단백질 축적이 왕성하다는 것을 보여준다. 따라서 예취이용의 적기는 추태기이며 생육기간 중 추비적기는 춘계 영양생장기 이전으로 사료된다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2006

사료내 다양한 녹차 원료 첨가에 따른 넙치 유어기의 성장, 면역성 및 세균 공격성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 녹차엑기스를 첨가한 사료를 공급한 실험구에서 어체중증가는 대조구와 유의적인 차이는 없었지만, 녹차 생잎, 건조잎 또는 부산물을 첨가한 실험구에 비하여 유의적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 녹차엑기스를 첨가한 실험구에서의 사료전환효율은 대조구와 유의적인 차이는 없었지만, 녹차 생잎, 건조잎 또는 부산물을 첨가한 실험구에 비하여 유의적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 녹차 건조잎과 엑기스를 첨가한 실험구에서 Iysozyme 활성은 유의적인 차이는 없었지만, 녹차 생잎과 부산물을 첨가한 실험구에 비해서는 유의적으로 높은 Iysozyme 활성이 나타났다. 3시간에서의 세균 살해능은 녹차 건조잎과 엑기스를 첨가한 실험구에서 살해능이 녹차 생잎과 부산물 또는 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 또한 6시간에서의 세균 살해능은 녹차 엑기스, 건조일, 생잎, 부산물 및 대조구의 순으로 나타났으며 , 대조구에 비하여 엑기스, 건조잎 및 생일은 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 세균 공격실험 결과, 복강 주사 2일째부터 넙치의 폐사가 나타나기 시작하여 4일 동안 폐사는 계속되었으며 녹차 생잎과 부산물을 첨가한 실험구에서의 누적폐사율은 대조구에 비하여 높게 나타났으며 녹차 건조잎과 엑기스를 첨가한 실험구에서는 대조구에 비하여 낮은 누적폐사율을 보였으나 실험구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 따라서 녹차엑기스와 건조잎의 사료내 첨가는 넙치의 면역성 향상과 세균공격성에 내성 향상 면에 있어서 아주 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.타내었고 $25^{\circ}C$ 실험구의 경우 대조군과 비교하여 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. CAT에서는 수온 스트레스 직후 10 및 $25^{\circ}C$ 실험구에서는 대조군과 비교하여 낮은 활성을 나타내었으며, 시간의 지남에 따라 회복하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, $15^{\circ}C$ 실험구의 경우에는 6 h째에 가장 높은 CAT 활성을 나타내었으며, 이 후 차츰 회복하는 경향을 나타내었고, $30^{\circ}C$ 실험구의 경우에는 시간의 지남에 따라 유의적으로 활성이 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. HSP70 mRNA의 발현은 대조군($20^{\circ}C$)과 비교하여 $25^{\circ}C$ 48 h째 실험구를 제외한 모든 실험구에서 유의적으로 높게 발현되었다. 이상의 결과로, $20^{\circ}C$에서 순치된 시볼트전복은 급격한 수온 스트레스에 대해 많은 스트레스 요인으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났으며, 수온 스트레스에 대한 생리학적 방어 기작이 분자 레벨인 HSP70 mRNA에서는 신속히 발현되어 스트레스에 대처하지만, SOD나 CAT와 같은 항산화 효소의 발현은 다소 늦게 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 시간의 지남에 따라 $5^{\circ}C$ 내외의 스트레스와 저수온 스트레스의 경우에는 비교적 안정화되는 것으로 보여지며, $10^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고수온에 노출되었을 경우에는 생리학적 방어기작이 한계점에 이르러 더

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2011

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of Korean native goats fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2008. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grasses and legumes: 5 species (mixed grasses, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover), native grasses and weeds: 5 species (mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Barnyard grass, short awn, forage crops and straw: 5 species (barley + hairy vetch, wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage, baled rice straw), browse and fallen leaves: 5 species (Mixed browse, Oriental white oak, Quercus serrta Thunb., Oriental cherry fallen leaves, Japanese chestnut fallen leaves), and imported hay and straw: 5 species(timothy hay, tall fescue straw, annual ryegrass straw, klinegrass hay, alfalfa hay). Ten Korean native goats were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average $24{\pm}2.8$ kg). The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period (p<0.05). Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species order by Korean native goat was observed like this: Quercus aliena, Querancas serrta Thunb and Mixed browse, which was a lower intake compared to other domestic herbivores. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by Korean native goats was showed as browse and fallen leaves (33.1%) among trials roughage sources. Based on these results, the food habit of Korean native goats seems to be closer to the browser.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2001

Experiments were conducted to evaluated the sucker control efficiency of several suckercides and their combinations for flue-cured tobacco in Korea. In 1999, Flumetralin(Prime+, P+), Butralin(B), Fatty alcohol(FA, n-decanol 85%), pottasium salt of maleic hydrazide(MH), tank mix of MH with P+ (MH·P+), and another tank mix of MH with FA(MH·FA) were applied after topping, respectively, then sucker number and sucker dry weight were investigated on the 30th and 50th day from treatment. Sucker number and dry weight were significantly lowered by P+, B, FA and MH·P+ applications compared with those of MH and MH·FA for both investigated periods. A significant reduction in sucker number and dry weight was observed in P+, B, and MH·P+ applications. FA treatment was not so much effective in sucker control as P+. In 1999 and 2000, several suckercides and tank mixes of their combinations were applied first at button stage and second after topping, respectively, to compare the effects of sucker control on yield, price index and chemical components of cured leaves. Compared to the standard method of FA 30x at button stage followed by MH40x application after topping(FA 30x + MH 40x), sucker number and dry weight decreased by [FA 30x (or P+ 1%] or [FA 30x(or B 1.5%) + MH 60x·B 1.5%] treatments, even at reduced MH levels. But yield, price index and chemical components of cured leaves were not differed among treatments.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 1980

CCC의 엽면살포가 상수의 생장 및 생체내 대사에 미치는 영향을 분석 검토하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상엽의 생건중, 엽면적, 지조장, 지조중은 감소되었으나 지조경장은 약간 증대되었다. 2. 상엽의 엽록소 함량 증대에 효과가 있었다. 3. 상엽의 GOT, GDP 활성에 영향을 주지 않았다. 4. 상엽내 분해능의 활성은 낮았으나 합성능의 활성은 높았다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.384-393
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• 2021

Recently, due to environmental and toxicity issues, there has been increasing attention on research regarding natural products that can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Wood extracts derived from the biorefining process contain various fertilizer ingredients. HPLC analysis revealed that wood extract contains approximately 5.2% hemicellulosic sugar. The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study. After two weeks, the growth characteristics of lettuce as affected by wood extract or water-soluble fertilizers were significantly different. The effect of water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extract was less desirable than that of wood extracts regarding plant height (18.6 cm), number of leaves (10), leaf length (14.1 cm), shoot fresh wight (9.8 g/plant), root fresh weight (0.8 g/plant) and shoot dry weight (0.6 g/plant). The plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh wight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight of water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extract were significantly different compared to the control (plant height :13.5 cm, number of leaves : 7, leaf length : 9.4 cm, shoot fresh wight : 5.3 g/plant, root fresh weight : 0.7 g/plant, shoot dry weight : 0.4 g/plant, root dry weight : 0.07 g/plant). From these results, it was concluded that wood extract can be used as a potential water-soluble fertilizer to increase the yield of leafy vegetables.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.14.1-14.9
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• 2017

Background: Garlic and its constituents are reported to have been effective in reducing methane emission and also influence glucose metabolism in body; however, studies in ruminants using garlic leaves are scarce. Garlic leaves contain similar compounds as garlic bulbs, but are discarded in field after garlic bulb harvest. We speculate that feeding garlic leaves might show similar effect as garlic constituents in sheep and could be potential animal feed supplement. Thus, we examined the effect of freeze dried garlic leaves (FDGL) on rumen fermentation, methane emission, plasma glucose kinetics and nitrogen utilization in sheep. Methods: Six sheep were fed Control diet (mixed hay and concentrate (60:40)) or FDGL diet (Control diet supplemented with FDGL at 2.5 g/kg $BW^{0.75}$ of sheep) using a crossover design. Methane gas emission was measured using open-circuit respiratory chamber. Plasma glucose turnover rate was measured using isotope dilution technique of [$U-^{13}C$]glucose. Rumen fluid, feces and urine were collected to measure rumen fermentation characteristics and nitrogen utilization. Result: No significant difference in rumen fermentation parameters was noticed except for rumen ammonia tended to be higher (0.05 < P < 0.1) in FDGL diet. Methane emission per kg dry matter ingested and methane emission per kg dry matter digested were lower (P < 0.05) in FDGL diet. Plasma glucose concentration was similar between diets and plasma glucose turnover rate tended to be higher in FDGL diet (0.05 < P < 0.1). Nitrogen retention was higher (P < 0.05) and microbial nitrogen supply tended to be higher (0.05 < P < 0.1) in FDGL diet. Conclusion: FDGL diet did not impair rumen fermentation, improved nitrogen retention; while absence of significant results in reduction of methane emission, glucose turnover rate and microbial nitrogen supply, further studies at higher dose would be necessary to conclude the merit of FDGL as supplement in ruminant feedstuff.