• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.218-228
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the effects of feeding anthocyanin-rich black cane treated with ferrous sulfate and molasses on animal performance, rumen fermentation, microbial composition, blood biochemical indices, and carcass characteristics in meat goats. Methods: Thirty-two Thai-native×Anglo-Nubian crossbred male goats (14.47±2.3 kg) were divided equally into two groups (n = 16) to investigate the effect of feeding diet containing 50% untreated anthocyanin-rich black cane silage (BS) vs diet containing anthocyaninrich black cane silage treated with 0.03% ferrous sulfate and 4% molasses (TBS) on average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI). At the end of 90 d feeding trial, the goats were slaughtered to determine blood biochemical indices, rumen fermentation, microbial composition, and carcass characteristics differences between the two dietary groups. Results: Goats fed the TBS diet had greater ADG and ADG to DMI ratio (p<0.05). TBS diet did not affect rumen fluid pH; however, goats in the TBS group had lower rumen ammonia N levels (p<0.05) and higher total volatile fatty acid concentrations (p<0.05). Goats in the TBS group had a higher (p<0.05) concentration of Ruminococcus albus but a lower (p<0.05) concentration of methanogenic bacteria. The TBS diet also resulted in lower (p<0.05) thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances concentration but higher (p<0.05) total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase concentrations in blood plasma, while having no effect on plasma protein, glucose, lipid, immunoglobin G, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Meat from goats fed the TBS diet contained more intramuscular fat (p<0.05) and was more tender (p<0.05). Conclusion: In comparison to goats fed a diet containing 50% untreated anthocyanin-rich black cane silage, feeding a diet containing 50% anthocyanin-rich black cane silage treated with 0.03% ferrous sulfate and 4% molasses improved rumen fermentation and reduced oxidative stress, resulting in higher growth and more tender meat.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 2023

A total of 81 handmade soaps on sale on the market were collected from January to November 2022. To compare quality characteristics, all ingredients were referred to, and the pH, dry reduction, heavy metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, antimony, and mercury), and contents of free alkali were measured. All soaps had a slightly alkaline pH of 7.9 to 11.2, average drying loss was 17.6%, and free alkali was hardly detected. The average values of all heavy metals were 0.104 ㎍/g for lead, 0.035 ㎍/g for arsenic, 0.002 ㎍/g for cadmium, 0.048 ㎍/g for antimony, and 0.0003 ㎍/g for mercury. The results of handmade soap were below the recommended in regulations on safety standards for cosmetics of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1666-1684
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• 2023

Objective: Our objective was to examine the relationships of supplemental rumen-protected lysine (RPL) or lysine + methionine (RPLM) on lactational performance, plasma amino acids (AA) concentration, and nitrogen use efficiency of lactating dairy cows by using a meta-analysis approach. Methods: A total of 56 articles comprising 77 experiments with either RPL or RPLM supplementation were selected and analyzed using a mixed model methodology by considering the treatments and other potential covariates as fixed effects and different experiments as random effects. Results: In early lactating cows, milk yield was linearly increased by RPL (β₁ = 0.013; p<0.001) and RPLM (β₁ = 0.014; p<0.028) but 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM) and energy-corrected milk (ECM) (kg/d) was increased by only RPL. RPL and RPLM did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) but positively increased (p<0.05) dairy efficiency (Milk yield/DMI and ECM/DMI). As a percentage, milk fat, protein, and lactose were unchanged by RPL or RPLM but the yield of all components was increased (p<0.05) by feeding RPL while only milk protein was increased by feeding RPLM. Plasma Lys concentration was linearly increased (p<0.05) with increasing supplemental RPL while plasma Met increased (p<0.05) by RPLM supplementation. The increase in plasma Lys had a strong linear relationship (R² = 0.693 in the RPL dataset and R² = 0.769 in the RPLM dataset) on milk protein synthesis (g/d) during early lactation. Nitrogen metabolism parameters were not affected by feeding RPL or RPLM, either top-dress or when supplemented to deficient diets. Lactation performance did not differ between AA-deficient or AA-adequate diets in response to RPL or RPLM supplementation. Conclusion: RPL or RPLM showed a positive linear relationship on the lactational performance of dairy cows whereas greater improvement effects were observed during early lactation. Supplementing RPL or RPLM is recommended on deficient-AA diet but not on adequate-AA diet.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1007-1016
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• 2023

In this study, the effect of functional substances such as polyphenols and flavonoids contained in large quantities in red ginseng and herbal medicines on the antioxidant activity properties and flavor effect were investigated by increasing the content and activity of functional ingredients by convert red ginseng through a steaming heat-drying process compared to the traditional dry processing method of ginseng and herbal medicines. According to the experimental results, the addition of pre-heat treatment significantly increased antioxidant properties such as DPPH radical scavenging ability, polyphenols, and flavonoids. In addition, during the steaming and heat-dried red ginseng manufacturing process, the amino-carbonyl browning reaction was promoted, resulting in increased brownness and a savory flavor. However, the content of ginsenosides, the main medicinal ingredient in red ginseng, became the main cause of the bitter and harsh taste. In addition, the bitter and harsh taste of red ginseng has been significantly improved by roasting and producing powder, but on the other hand, Radix Angelicae sinensis, polymorphic angelica and Peony, which are used as main medicinal ingredients in oriental medicine for nutritional tonic prescriptions such as 10 herbal medicine and 4 herbal medicine have a very strong herbal medicine-specific flavor and have a bitter and harsh taste. It is so strong that in order to use it as an instant extraction material, it was reviewed that a steaming and heating manufacturing method was needed during the manufacturing process.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.244-248
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the residual characteristics and calculate processing factor of the environment friendly material matrine in fresh chilli pepper by drying. Spray solution of matrine was prepared by dilution of the commercial product (2% active ingredient) with water at 1 : 1000 (v/v) ratio and sprayed onto chilli pepper plants at seven day intervals. Samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after last application and then dried using a hot air dry oven at $60^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours until the water content was reduced to 14%. Recoveries and storage period stabilities of matrine in the samples ranged from 106.6 to 119.1% and 106.6 to 113.1%, respectively. The residual concentrations of matrine in fresh chilli pepper and dried chilli peppers treated only once were found to be from less than 0.01 to 0.11 and from 0.03 to 0.25 mg/kg, respectively. In case of plants sprayed twice with matrine, the residual concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.12 and from 0.04 to 0.4 mg/kg, respectively. Processing factor of matrine in the fresh chilli pepper by drying was found to be from 1.5 to 3.3, indicating that the residual concentration of matrine in dried chilli pepper increased about two or three times by drying.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.463-469
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• 2014

Sorghum has been consumed as one of the important staple food in the semiarid tropics of Africa and Asia. Sorghum is rich in starch, protein, essential vitamins and minerals and grows relatively well in dry climate regions when it compared with other staple food crops. Sorghum has taken an increased interest due to several studies that report about the beneficial effects of sorghum on human health. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative and activity of extract of milling by-products (hull and bran) of Korean sorghum cultivar, 'Hwanggeaumchal' as well as its grain. Hull extract showed the highest total polyphenol contents ($29.7{\pm}0.2mg\;GAE/100g$) and major four pigments content ($322.6{\pm}14.5mg/100g$). From results of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, hull extract ($IC_{50}$, $6.3{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/mL$) was also showed the strongest antioxidative effects. Bran and grain showed similar polyphenol, pigments contents and antioxidative effects. We determined cell viability by MTT assay and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity by measuring nitric oxide (NO) of hull, bran and grain methanol extract (0.5% HCl v/v) on RAW 264.7 cells. Hull extract treatment was significantly decreased NO production with dose-dependant manner. Apigeninidin as one of the major pigment of hull was showed inhibitory activity against NO production without cytotoxicitiy. Therefore, sorghum milling by-products can be used as a good source of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.572-582
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• 2006

This survey was conducted from June 2004 to August 2004, through questionnaires given to 432 women aged ranging from 20 to 50 years, who were living in the Seoul metropolitan area. The questionnaires were designed to determine the physique, level of obesity and dieting survey as well as to uncover which diets were in fashion and their satisfaction degree. Dieting-related knowledge and dieting side effects were also investigated. The results were as follows: In dieting survey, as the age increased, dieting for health reason (52.3%) increased, whereas that for aesthetic reasons (32.6%) decreased (p<0.05). The most effective methods of dieting were exercise (50.2%) and diet (45.0%) regimens. In regards to exercise frequency, 46.5% for none, 23.5% for 1-2 times a week, suggesting that most respondents do not practice exercise for dieting purposes (p<0.05). Major source for dieting was shown to be obtained from relative family or friends (31.7%), newspapers or magazines (29.3%) and internet (14.9%). As the age decreased, information from the latter increased, whereas that from TV program (21.2%) decreased (p<0.05). Reasons for excess weight were bad eating habits (39.6%), lack of exercise (38.3%), pregnancy and childbirth (10.6%). In fad dieting, while organic foods and aerobic exercises scored the highest satisfaction degree among diet and exercise regimens, on the other hand, sauna, steam baths and high temperature half-immersion baths scored the highest among surgery and other special therapies. As the age increased, the satisfaction degree for organic foods such as organic vegetable and high functional boiled cooked rice increased (p<0.05). As the age increased, scores on dieting-related knowledge decreased. Side effects of dieting included dizziness 06.2%) fatigue (15.1%) indigestion/constipation (11.1%) physical weakness 00.5%), loss of concentration (7.8%), dry skin (7.4%) loss of motivation (6.7%). The above results showed that attitude toward dieting among adult women varied with age and in light of the well-being trend, organic foods and aerobic exercises scored the highest satisfaction degree through all age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.902-908
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the quality of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) fermented by Bacillus subtilis at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. We determined the changes in temperature, the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, carbohydrate, solid content, pH, Brix, salinity, free amino acid, Hunter's color value, electron donating ability (EDA) activities and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and carbohydrate after fermentation to mixing ratio of glasswort were $10.45{\sim}30.18%$, $11.69{\sim}19.26%$, $17.65{\sim}25.56%$ and $21.01{\sim}59.10%$ (dry basis), respectively. The solid content, pH, sugar and salinity of fermented glasswort were $39.56{\sim}52.25%$, $6.01{\sim}6.71$, $1.2{\sim}1.7$ Brix and $0.3{\sim}0.6%$, respectively. Total amino acid level of the fermented glasswort was $447.57{\sim}668.89\;mg$/100 g, and was the highest in glasswort mixed with rice bran at a ratio of 1 (w) : 1 (w). Moreover, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, $\beta$-aminoisobutyric acid, lysine and arginine were the main free amino acids. EDA activities and ACE inhibition after fermentation were $46.66{\pm}1.21{\sim}50.87{\pm}1.84%$ and $96.77{\pm}1.23{\sim}97.56{\pm}1.23%$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1966-1971
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• 2013

Pholiota adiposa is an edible as well as medicinal mushroom cultured in China and Japan with anti-tumor, anti-microbial, anti-hypertensive, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics of cookies added with Pholiota adiposa powder. Chemical composition of Pholiota adiposa powder was as follows: 3.8% moisture, 6.9% ash, 1% crude lipids, 3% protein, 53.3% carbohydrates, and 31.9% crude dietary fiber. To analyze quality characteristics during the manufacture of cookies, pH, texture, color, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, and sensory evaluation were determined. As the content of Pholiota adiposa powder increased, the pH of cookies decreased from 6.7 to 6.02. Hardness of cookies decreased with increasing Pholiota adiposa powder content, and cookies added with 5% powder were softer than the control. Regarding surface color, L-value decreased with increasing powder content compared to that of the control, whereas in surface color among various powder levels was not significantly different. As the content of Pholiota adiposa powder increased, both antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content increased. In the sensory evaluation, cookies added with 3% Pholiota adiposa powder showed remarkably higher values compared to control and other amples in all aspects.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2009

The characteristics of Holstein colostrum according to the methods that were employed in processing it were analyzed in this study to improve its industrial utilization. Colostrum samples were collected from the dairy farm of the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS). The milk fat, protein, lactose, and SNF contents of colostrum were 4.34, 6.99, 3.37, and 11.10%, respectively. The effects of spray drying, freeze drying, freezing, acidification, and inoculation of lactic-acid bacteria on the characteristics of colostrum were then compared. The freezing of colostrum was found to be proper for long-term storage in a farm. Freeze-dried colostrum powder could not meet the processing requirements and the component standards for animal products in terms of the total bacterial and coliform bacteria counts, but spray-dried colostrum powder could meet the microbiological requirements because of its bactericidal effect during the spray-dry treatment. The inoculation of lactic-acid bacteria showed a better inhibitory effect on coliform than the acidification treatment, but protein precipitation appeared because of the low pH and the high acidity. To estimate the effects of the processing methods employed on the IgG of colostrum, the IgG contents of the milk treated by long temperature long time (LTLT) ($65^{\circ}C$, 30 min), by inoculating the lactic acid bacteria starter, by spray drying, and by freeze drying were measured. The IgG contents of the colostrum were changed significantly by the processing treatment employed, from 53.98 mg/mLto 33.28, 34.82, 21.98, and 36.89 mg/mL, respectively.