• Title/Summary/Keyword: Dry cow therapy

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Effects of Biodegradable Cephalexin Microspheres in Dry Cow Mastitis Therapy (젖소의 건유기 유방염 치료에 있어서 생분해 cephalexin microspheres의 효과)

  • Hwang, Cheol-Yang
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.228-235
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    • 2002
  • Mastitis is the most costly disease results in lost milk production, decreased milk quality, milk discard, early culling of cows, drug costs and labor costs in dairy cow. Until now, a antibiotic administration at the end of lactation, dry cow therapy has been known the most effective and widely used mastitis control method. However, dry cow therapy do not control a new infection in the late dry and prepartum period because dry cow products have only persistent activity in the early dry period. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate clinical effect of sustained released biodegradable cephalexin microsphere using PLGA in bovine mastitis control during dry period. PLGA has been approved as controlled drug release system because of non-toxic, non-tissue reactive and bioerodible characteristics. This study revealed that cephalexin microsphere had a spherical shape with characteristic porous structure on the surface. Also, in vitro drug release studies are clearly observed that the release rate of cephalexin from PLGA microsphere decrease during the first 21 days after initial burst and then increase again between 3 and 4 weeks showing pulsatile releasing pattern. On the other hand, as tried in field the new infection rate, cure rate and mean SCC after parturition in cephalexin microsphere infused group were significantly differenced as compared to the control group. Accordingly, a sustained release of cephalexin from a biodegradable microsphere could make dry cow therapy more efficiently by preventing a new infection and decreasing the number of existing infection of mammary gland during dry period.

Factors in Dry Period Associated with Intramammary Infection and Subsequent Clinical Mastitis in Early Postpartum Cows

  • Leelahapongsathon, Kansuda;Piroon, Tipapun;Chaisri, Wasana;Suriyasathaporn, Witaya
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.580-585
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    • 2016
  • The objective of this study was to determine cow characteristics and farm management factors during the dry period associated with early postparturient intramammary infection (IMI) and subsequent clinical mastitis (CM). Data were collected three times: before drying off (P1), during the dry period (P2), and 5 to 14 days after calving (P3), using questionnaires and farm investigation. Milk samples were aseptically collected for bacterial identification at P1 and P3. Factors associated with IMI and CM were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. The final model showed that IMI in early postpartum was significantly associated with full insertion of dry cow antibiotic, dry cows in barns with a combination of tie and free stalls, body condition score (BCS) in dry period and after calving, and milk yield before drying off. For IMI cows, factors significantly associated with clinical expression of mastitis were having daily barn cleaning, teat disinfected with alcohol before administration of dry cow therapy, BCS before drying off, milk yield before drying off, and days in milk at drying off. In conclusion, both cow and farm management factors are associated with the IMI rate and subsequent expression of clinical signs of mastitis in early postpartum cows.

A non-inferiority study evaluating a new extended-release preparation of tilmicosin injected subcutaneously vs. ceftiofur administered intramammary, as dry-cow therapy in Holstein Friesian cows

  • Ortega, Esteban;Alfonseca-Silva, Edgar;Posadas, Eduardo;Tapia, Graciela;Sumano, Hector
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.87.1-87.11
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    • 2020
  • Background: A new, extended long-acting tilmicosin (TLAe) preparation was tested against intramammary ceftiofur (CEF) using a non-inferiority trial model during dry-cow therapy (DCT) in a farm with high bovine population density and deficient hygiene application. Objectives: To evaluate the possibility that TLAe administered parenterally can achieve non-inferiority status compared to CEF administered intramammary for DCT. Methods: Cows were randomly assigned to TLAe (20 mg/kg subcutaneous; n = 53) or CEF (CEF-HCl, 125 mg/quarter; n = 38 cows) treatment groups. California mastitis testing, colony-forming unit assessment (CFU/mL), and number of cases positive for Staphylococcus aureus were quantified before DCT and 7 d after calving. A complete cure was defined as no bacteria isolated; partial cure when CFU/mL ranged from 150 to 700, and cure-failure when CFU/mL was above 700. Results: TLAe and CEF had overall cure rates of 57% and 53% (p > 0.05) and S. aureus cure rates of 77.7% and 25%, respectively (p < 0.05). The pathogens detected at DCT and 7 days after calving were S. aureus (62.71% and 35.55%), Staphylococcus spp. (22.03% and 35.55%), Streptococcus uberis (10.16% and 13.33%), and Escherichia coli (5.08% and 15.55%). Non-inferiority and binary logistic regression analyses revealed a lack of difference in overall efficacies of TLAe and CEF. Apart from S. aureus, S. uberis was the predominant pathogen found in both groups. Conclusions: This study is the first successful report of parenteral DCT showing comparable efficacy as CEF, the gold-standard. The extended long-term pharmacokinetic activity of TLAe explains these results.

A Field Trial as Dry-cow Therapy Using Nophazin (norfloxacin mixed cephalexin) in Mastitis Control (건유기 유방염 치료제 Nophazin리 야외응용시험)

  • 손봉환;황현순;김종훈;최진영
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.130-140
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    • 1990
  • A field test using Nophazin (drying off period therapeutics) was done from May, 1989 to October, 1989. 299 quarters of 75 cows from 28 herds were tested. The results were summarized as follows. 1. At the day 7 after parturition, CMT-was 81.60%, clots were removed perfectly, removal rate of hard, hot, pain was 99.6%, only one hard 0.35% was maintained. Recovery rate of general symptoms was 100%. 2. Recovery rate in Nophazin treatment was 100% in Micro-coccus SPP, Corynebacterium SPP, and unisolated, 97.06% in Enterobacterid SPP, 95.58% in Staphylococcus SPP, 91.67% in other Bacilli, 89.19% in Streptococcus SPP, Overall recovery rate was 95.32%, And fungi did not react. 3. The ratio of isolated microorganisms was Staphylococcus SPP 49.8%, Streptococcus SPP 16.3%, Enterobacteria SPP 15.0%, Micrococcus SPP 7.9% Corynebacterium SPP 4.4%, Pseudomonas SPP 2.6%, Bacilli 2.6% and Fungi 1.3%. 4. The range of sensitivity of each microorganism to therapeutics is as follow : Staphylococcus SPP 61.1∼94.7%, Streptococcus SPP 51.4∼91.9%, Micrococcus SPP 44.4∼94.4%, Corynebacterium SPP 70∼80%, Enterobacteria SPP 11.8∼88.2%, and other Gram negative bacilli 8.3∼83.3%. Overall sensitivity was in the range of 50.4∼92.0%, Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity (80∼94.7%) to Nophazin. 5. New intramammary infection rate was 3.96% (9 strains) at paturition, 8.37% (19 strains) at the day 7 after paturition. Persistent organism wits 6.17% .(14 strains). 6. There was no side effect of Nophazin treatment.

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A Study on Mastitis Infection Rate and Investigation of Milk Contamination Level by Measuring the Bacteria and Somatic Cell Counts in Gyunggi Area (京畿一圓 乳牛의 乳房炎 感染率과 原乳의 細菌 및 體細胞數 測定에 따른 乳質 汚染度에 관한 연구)

  • Eu, Byung Woo
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.41-54
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    • 1985
  • This study was conducted for the improvement of milk quality and milk hygiene in public health point of view. Investigation of mastiris infection rate, isolation and identification of causative microorganisms in CMT positive milk, investigation of milk contamination level by measuring the bacteria and soma tic cell counts and investigation of dairy management in farms were performed on 1.605 quarters milk of 434 cows of 20 dairy farms in Gyunggi-area from September 1983 to March 1984. The results were summarized as follows 1. Sixteen (3.7%) of 434 cows were found to be infected with clinical mastiris. 234 (53.9%) of 434 cows and 608(37.9%) of 1, 605 quarters were found to be infected with subclinical mastiris. 2. The causative microorganisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (38.3%), Staphylococcus epidermidis(21.0%), Micrococci(13.6%), Streptococcus spp. (12.3%), E. coli (7.4%), Fungus & Yeast (1.6%) and others (5.8%). 3. Total numbers of bacteria were $9.2{\times}10^6$ to $1.21{\times}10^7/ml$(av. $1.805{\times} 10^7/ml$), numbers of coliform bacteria were $4.1{\times} 10^5$ to $9.4{\times} 10^5$/ml(av. $7.05{\times} 10^5$/ml) and somatic cell counts were $4.8{\times} 10^5$ to $1.52{\times} 10^6$ cells/ml (av. $9.5{\times} 10^5$cells/ml) in bulk milk. 4. As comparing with CMT score of +, ++ and +++, somatic cell counts were $3.4{\times} 10^5$ to $1.64{\times} 10^6$ cells/ml (av. $6.41{\times} 10^5$cells/ml), $5.4{\times} 10^5$ to $2.75{\times} 10^6$ cells/ml(av. $1.762{\times} 10^6$cells/ml) and $1.97{\times} 10^6$ to $9.75{\times} 10^6$ cells/ml(av. $7.781{\times} 10^6$cells/ml), respectively. 5. In investigation on dairy management, performance of dry cow therapy, teat dipping after milking, disinfection of milking machine at every milking, replacement of milk liner within 6months and opportunity of acquirement for the mastiris control techniques by dairy education were 65%, 40%, 45%, 55% and 50% in 20 dairy farms, respectively.

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A Study on Milk Quality and Dairy Hygiene Management in Gyunggi Area (경기 일부지역의 유질 및 낙농위생 관리에 관한 조사연구)

  • 이용욱;박명섭
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.109-119
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    • 1987
  • This Study was conducted to provide fundamental data necessary for the improvement of milk quality. Milk quality was evaluated by 3 methods; milk fat percent measurement, methylene blue reduction test (MBRT), and somatic cell count measurement. At the same time, condition of hygienic management of dairy facilities and cows was investigated in each of 234 dairy farms located in Gyunggi area from May, 1986 to April, 1987. The results were as follows 1. Average milk fat percents among farms were 3.67%, 3.64%, 3.43%, 3.48% in January, April, July and October, respectively. The diUerences of milk fat percent from month to month were statistically significant (p<0.005). and the seasonal average was 3.56%. 2. Numbers of farms which produced bulk milk of first grade by MBRT were 153(65.4%), 157(67.1%), 76(32.5%) and 141(60.2%) in January, April, July and October, respectively. The diUerences among months were statistically significant (p<0.005). Also, significant diUerences of grade by milking quantity (p<0.05), presence of milk cooler (p<0.01), and collection means (p<0.05) were demonstrated. 3. Number8 of farms which produced bulk milk of fir8t grade in somatic cell count measurement were 227(97.0%), 226(96.6%), 218(93.2%) and 223(95.3%) in January, April, July and October, respectively. And diUerences of grade by the pratice of teat dipping, dry cow therapy and manner in which udder washing towel was used statisticaJJy 8ignificant (p<0.01).

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