• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to broadcating effect of chitosan solution levels on dry matter production in Ladino clover(Trifolium repens). Chitosan solution was applie at 6 levels, 0%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The dry matter yields of chitosan treatment plot were about 30%~63% more than the dry matter yield of control plot in all cuts. 2. Total dry matter yield was produced by 659.7kg/10a at levels of 0.05%, it was significantly higher than other chitosan solution levels. 3. The predictable highest yield and economic yield of Ladino clover could be obtained at 0.05% and 0.01% solution levels, respectively. 4. The relative dry matter yields for total dry matter yield were 66.7%, 18.3% and 15.0% at 1st, 2nd and 3rd cut, respectively. Chitosan application at early spring was affected to increasing the dry matter yield of 1st cut.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.2_3
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• pp.121-127
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out to compare the varietal differences of dry matter production in rend canarygrass. The varieties examined were Common, Venture, Castor, Palaton and Venture. Reed canarygrass was harvested three times annually, 1st cut(1O, May), 2nd cut(31, July), and 3rd cut(10, Oct.), respectively. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Dry matter yield were not significant difference between varieties and for the interaction of variety$\times$cut. But, there was significant difference between cuts. 2. There was not significant difference in dry matter yield between the first cut and second cut. But, the dry matter yield of the third cut was poor than the other two cuts. Thus, the average dry matter yield of varieties were 806.1 kg, 730.8kg and 495.8kg /l0a in the first, second and third cut, respectively. 3. In Venture and Palaton, the percentage of dry matter distribution in spring was higher than that of other varieties. In Common, Castor and Vantage, they were not significantly different between the percentage of dry matter distribution in each cut. Above the results suggested that the first group of varieties(Venture and Palaton) were suited to meadow and last group of varieties(Common, Castor and Vantage) were suited to pasture. 4. Average total dry matter yield of varieties was 2,032kg /l0a/yr,(ranged from 1,922kg to 2,180 kg /l0a /yr.)

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mixed application of earthworm cast and N-fertilizer on dry matter(DM) yield in orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerate L.). Experimental plot were designed by a randomized block design with 3 replications of six different treatments-Control(0:0), 100% earthworm cast(0:100), 3 levels of mixed application(25:75:, 50:50, 75:25) of earthworm cast and N-fertilizer, and 100% N-fertilizer(100:0)based on content (%) of nitrogen. The experiment was carried out from March to October, 1993, on the forage experimental field of Kon-Kuk Univ. in Seoul. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Annual dry matter yield was significantly increased according to increasing of N-fertilizer 2. Dry matter yield for each treatment as cutting time was passing was decreased. However, dry matter yield was slightly increased at 75%, 50%, and 25% mixed application of earthworm cast at the third cutting time than the second cutting time(p<0.05). 3. concerning each treatment per cutting time, dry matter yield was higher at 100% N fertilizer than the other treatments at the first, second, and fourth cutting time except the third cutting time only(p<0.05). And according to decreasing of mixing ratio of N fertilizer, dry matter yield was decreased, too. 4. Dry matter yield of 100% earthworm cast was significantly higher than control at the fourth cutting time(p<0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 1991

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of shade and levels of N fertilization on the dry matter yield and chemical compositions of orchardgrass grown under floor of chestnut tree. Shading conditions consist of $S_0$, (full light), $S_1$, (about 6OC4 shade) and $S_2$, (about 70% shade). And, nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 3 levels, O($N_0$), 12($N_1$), and 30($N_2$) kg per 10a, respectively. The results are may be summarized as follows: 1. Maximum total dry matter yield of $S_0$, was obtained about 1.28 ton/lOa at $N_2$, level. But, total dry matter yields of N levels in $S_1$, and $S_2$, were decreased about 42-45% compared with $S_0$. 2. The response of the dry matter yield to N fertilization were differences between shading and levels of N. Thus, the dry matter yield of $S_1$, increased almost linear up to about 30 kg/l0a level, while the dry matter yield of S, was increased slightly up to 30 kgIl0a. But. $S_2$, was increased up to 12 kg/lOa and then decreased slightly with N fertilization over the 12 kg/l0a. 3. Average increase in total dry matter yield to N fertilization were 23.85 kg, 7.97 kg and 5.08 kg DM for $S_0$, $S_1$, and $S_2$, respectively. 4. The level of 12 kg N/lOa is the limiting N level to obtain dry matter production under 60-709 shading conditions. 5. The contents of crude protein arid nitrate nitrogen were increased with shading and incremental N fertilization up to 30 kg/l0a. But, water soluble carbohydrate content was decreased greatly with high shading and high levels of N. 6. Nitrate nitrogen content indicated highly significant positive correlation with crude protein, but significant negative correlation with water soluble carbohydrate content. 7. At 30 kg N level with $S_1$, was necessary to exceed the potentially toxic nitrate nitrogen level of 0.20%.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 1994

This experiment was canied out to study the effect of cutting frequencies (3, 4 and 5 cuts per year) and mineral nitrogen fertilization on dry matter yields, in order to estimate optimum level of fertilizing mineral nitrogen in orchardgrass(Dacry1is glomerafa L.). The results are as follows: 1. Dry matter yields were the highest in the 1st cut at 3 cutting frequency and in the 2nd cut at 4 and 5 cutting frequencies, and they shared 49.7, 37.0 and 37.0% of annual dry matter yield respectively. 2. When only phosphorus and potassium were applied, annual dry matter yields were between 9.4 and 11.5 tons per ha and the highest yield was observed at 3 cutting frequency. 3. Dry matter yield in relation to fertilization of mineral nitrogen was highly increased when more nitrogen was applied as 360 kg per ha compared to 240 kg per ha at 3 cutting frequency. At 4 and 5 cutting frequencies, increases in dry matter yield, to large extent, were showed at 120 and 150 kg of nitrogen per ha(30 kg Nlcutlha) compared to no application of nitrogen. The efficiencies of mineral nitrogen fertilization (kg DM/kg N) were 28.0, 22.7 and 20.6 kg dry matter yields per nitrogen(kg) respectively). 4. At 4 and 5 cutting frequencies, dry matter yields were reduced when 360 kg and 300 kg of mineral nitrogen per ha(90 kg and 60 kg Nlcutlha) were applied respectively. 5. Particularly at 4 and 5 cutting frequencies of this study, maximum marginal yields reached at 129.9 kg and 148.0 kg of fertilizing mineral nitrogen per ha, and economical borden of mineral nitrogen fertilization were between 222.4 and 250.0 kg and between 244.8 and 276.8 kg respectively. At the same cutting frequencies, the highest dry matter yields were obtained at 365.4 and 433.8 kg of fertilizing mineral nitrogen respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.737-741
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• 1996

Dry matter yield of reed canarygrass was investigated in uncultivated rice paddy in Korea, and an attempt was made to estimate the most economic and efficient cutting frequency and rates of nitrogen (N) fertilization, for increased production of reed canarygrass. Total dry matter yields of reed canarygrass per year were 7.4-15.7, 8.5-16.1, and 7.5-13.4 tons/ha in 3, 4, and 5 cutting frequencies, respectively, and over the N treatments of 0-120 kg N/ha/cut. When cut 3 or 5 times annually, the 2nd cut produced the highest proportion of total yield at 38.4 and 33.0%, respectively, when cut 4 times the 3rd cut was highest (38.3%). The ranges of economic N level, limiting N level and efficiency of dry matter production were 243.3-293.0, 387.2, and 14.6 kg DM/kg N, respectively. These indicators were particularly low for the 5 cutting frequency possibly because of the unusually high temperature in the summer season. The best cutting frequency for the dry matter production of reed canarygrass in 1994 was 3 per year because of the higher efficiency of dry matter production.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of cutting frequency(3rd and 5th cut) and level of nitrogen fertilization(l50 + liquid manure, 300 and 450kgha) on growth characteristics, dry matter yield and nutritive vaule of reed canarygrass(Pha1aris arundinacea L.), at the forage experimental field, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, SNU, Suweon. Plant height of 3rd cutting(79.2cm) was significantly higher than that of 5th cutting(58.0cm). And dry mattter yield of cutting frequency was observed in 3rd cutting(16,902kgPna) and 5th cutting(l7,833kg/ha) As the nitrogen fertilization was increased, DM yield was significantly increased(p<0.05). When the nitrogen fertilization was applied at the level 150 + liquid manure, 300 and 450kg, dry matter yields were 16,5 12, 17,123 and 18,368kg/ha, respectively. The contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and in vitro dry matter digestibility(1VDMD) were similar among cutting frequency. However, slightly higher NDF, ADF and IVDMD contents were found in 5th cutting, but there was not affected by nitrigen fertilization. Based on the results of this experiment, it were indicated that to 5th cutting and 450kg nitrogen fertilization could be obtained from the increase of dry matter yield and nutritive value (Key words : Cutting frequency, Nitrogen fertilization, Dry matter yield, Nutritive Value, Reed canarygrass)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 1994

Three concentrations of P (0.33, 0.43 and 0.54%) and two concentrations of Ca (0.60 and 0.97%) in ration dry matter were evaluated for effects on dry matter intake and on milk yield and composition using 24 Holstein cows. Cows were arranged in a $3{\times}2$ factorial experiment as an incomplete randomized block design with three 28-day periods. Each cow consumed at least one ration with each concentration of Ca. Dry matter intake, yield of 3.5% Fat Corrected Milk, and milk composition were not affected by concentration of P, but milk yield was greater when lowest concentration of P was fed (22.8 vs. 22.1 kg/day; p<0.07). Cows fed rations containing 0.60% Ca had greater milk (22.7 vs. 21.9 kg/day; p<0.02) and 3.5% Fat Corrected Milk yields (p<0.03) and slightly greater protein content than when fed 0.97% Ca. Dietary Ca:P ratios between 1.1:1 and 2.9:1 had no effect on dry matter intake, milk yield, or composition. Concentrations of P in plasma were within the normal range for all rations. Because cows had high dry matter intake, mean daily intakes of both P and Ca were greater than required for their level of milk yield.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2000

Plant characteristics of four winter crop hairy vetch, red clover, crimson clover and rye as green manure were evaluated at three harvesting time(Apri1 23, May 9, May 28) in spring to select superior winter green manure crop. Rye and hairy vetch had superior wintering ability and produced high dry matter compared with crimson clover and red clover. But N amount of rye was small because of its low plant N% despite of early dry matter accumulation. Wintering ability of crimson clover was very poor, so its dry matter decreased rapidly with low seeding rate. Hairy vetch had high N % (4%, C:N ratio 11) and produced high N yield among four plant. It is estimated that hairy vetch have high N-fixing ability because its N% was not changed largely despite of dry matter accumulation at late harvesting time contrast to the other legume. It was thought that hairy vetch was superior green manure crop in considering yield of dry matter and N. (Key words : Winter legumes, Hairy vetch, Green manure yield, Nitrogen concentration)

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.40-42
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and yield components were observed. Forage rape was superior to oil seed rape in terms of yield components, plant fresh weight and plant dry mater weight. Velox was superior to any other variety of forage rape in these characters. When plant dry matter weight of the rape was subdivided into four components such as a main stem, branch stems, main stem leaves and branch leaves, contribution of these components to plant dry matter weight was in the order of branch stems, branch leaves, the main stem and main stem leaves. Dry matter percentage of the rape ranged from 9.32 to 11.08 percent, which was somewhat low value. There was no significant difference between two groups of the rape in terms of dry matter percentage. Velox showed somewhat higher value in dry matter percentage.