• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.437-443
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to investigate the hematological and blood chemical values in dairy cattle during the dry and lactating period. Blood was collected from six healthy dairy cattle in Gyeongnam province. Leucocytes count, hemoglobin concentrations and the percentage of packed cell volume were lowest at the early lactation period. Leucocytes count was not affected during dry the to lactating period. The differential count of eosinophilic leucocytes was low at the late lactation period, while the basophilic leucocytes was high at the dry period. Inorganic phosphorus value was below under normal level. Creatinine value was from 1 to 2mg/100ml of serum. Positive reaction to CRP was shown in normal dairy cattle. The values of AST and ALT were higher during the dry than lactating period. r-GTP and total cholesterol tend to be decreased during the lactating period. CPK value was not affected for dry and lactating period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.630-637
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• 2013

To determine the effects of dry period (DP) length on milk yield, milk composition, some blood metabolites, complete blood count (CBC), body weight and score and follicular status, twenty five primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to a completely randomized design with DP-60 (n = 13) and DP-20 (n = 12) dry period lengths. Cows in the DP-60 produced more milk, protein, SNF, serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta hydroxyl butyrate acid (BHBA) compared with cows in DP-20 ($p{\leq}0.05$). Serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were all similar among the treatments. Body Condition Score (BCS), body weight (BW), complete blood count (CBC) and health problems were similar between the treatments. Diameter of the first dominant follicle and diameter of the dominant follicle on d 14 were different among the treatments. Thus, results of this study showed that reducing the dry period length to DP-20 had a negative effect on milk production, milk composition and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.33.1-33.3
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• 2012

Menorrhagia (kasrate tams) is the most common gynecologic complaint in contemporary gynecology, affecting 10 to 15% of the adult female population. It can occur at any age. In the Unani system of medicine, since antiquity, dry cupping therapy (hijamat bila shurt) has been used to treat menorrhagia. An effort was made to evaluate the usefulness of dry cupping on excessive menstrual blood loss in menorrhagia with a well validated menstrual pictogram. This study was conducted on 15 patients at the National Institute of Unani Medicine, Hospital Bangalore, from January 2010 and July 2010. Unmarried or married patients aged 17 - 47 year with a history of excessive or prolonged bleeding per vaginum were included. Two large cups (with 5.7 cm internal diameter) were applied below each breast for 15 min, only once during the menstrual period when the patient reported to the outpatient department. If the menstrual flow was not reduced, the next day again dry cupping was repeated. The outcome was to assess the efficacy of dry cupping on the reduction in the amount of menstrual blood loss. The data was analyzed by the Wilcoxon matched test. The mean scores of menstrual blood loss before and after the treatment was 400.26 (277.95) and 48.4 (32.082) ml respectively, p = 0.002, considered statistically significant. A dry cupping therapy is a useful treatment modality in decreasing the amount of menstrual blood flow in menorrhagia. Further randomized controlled clinical trials and validation are needed in a large population.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 1997

Bombyx mori, silkworm powder has been studied for blood-glucose lowering activity by National Sericulture & Entomology Research Institute(NSERI) and Kyung Hee University group in 1995. To obtain the optimum preparative condition of silkworm powder for lowering blood-glucose levels in postprandial time, blood-glucose lowering activity of mulberry & silkworm varieties were examined. In mulberry varieties, Samkwangjam showed the highest activity. Activity for lowering blood-glucose levels of autumn rearing silkworm was higher than that of spring silkworm and hybrid silkworm showed higher activity than that of parent silkworm. In the silkworm lines, Chinese lines showed higher activity than that of Japanese lines. In experiments to see the difference in blood-glucose lowering activity between either male and female or larvae and pupae, activity of larvae was higher than that of pupae and the male was higher than female. The heating dry and artificial diet showed lower than mulberry diet and normal freeze dry of the 5th instar 3rd day. Among the sericultural products, larvae showed the highest activity.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.89-115
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• 2012

Objective : Blood disease is common these days due to modern man's excessiveness in Yang heat (陽熱) and vulnerability of the Eum blood(陰血). This exposes them to warmheat/ dampness-heat diseases, where pathogenic heat easily penetrates the blood dimension(血分) creating stagnated blood(瘀血). Consequently, pathogenic symptoms in the collateral vessels increase, making it crucial to understand the pathogenic mechanism of the disease. Method : This paper examines the condition and region of the collateral vessel diseases(CVD) according to the blood diseases of Onbyeong, by analyzing each prescription's matching symptom. The disease in question in this paper is 'stagnated blood fixated in the collateral vessels'. Therefore diseases with stagnated blood in the Yang collaterals and Viscera collaterals or viscera themselves from the chapter of "On-Yeok-Ron(溫疫論)", and < Dry Blood-DaeWhangJaChungWhan(大黃蟅蟲丸) > chapter of "Geum-Gue-Yo-Rak(金匱要略)", were examined respectively. Result & Conclusion : The process of CVD according to the blood diseases of Onbyeong can be summarized as follows. First, bleeding in the Yang and Bowel collaterals, then stagnation in the Yang and Bowel collaterals, and finally stagnation in the viscera collaterals or Liver itself. The refractory nature of blood stagnation symptoms of the collateral vessels is mainly due to the characteristics of the collateral vessel itself. In structure, they are very narrow and small, situated at the most terminal part of the body where it is difficult for the Jeong Gi(精氣) to reach. Also, as they are symptomatic of degeneration of Jeong Gi, the root of the disease is very deep. Therefore to resolve blood stagnation in the cases of Ju-Gaek-Gyo and Dry Blood, general approaches using 'Gi communication(行氣)' or 'Blood vitalizing(活血)' medicinals will not suffice. Special medicinals such as crustacean and insects need to be appropriately applied.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.789-793
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• 2007

To evaluate the effectiveness of cupping and bloodletting therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases. Systematic searches were conducted on KSI, KISTI, DB Pia, KIOM Database, and Koreamed until January 2007 Hand-searches included conference proceedings and our own files. There were no restrictions regarding the language of journals published in Korea. Controlled trials of dry cupping, wet cupping, or blood letting for patients with musculoskeletal disease were considered for inclusion. Trials testing other forms of dry cupping therapy were included. Methodological quality was assessed by two doctors. 20 possibly relevant studies were identified and 5 studies were included. One trial tested wet cupping for ankle sprain and reported positive result. Two trials tested blood letting for low back pain, one was positive and the other one was neutral. One trial tested the types of dry cupping for low back pain, and Ki-gong cupping therapy was superior to other two types of cupping. One trial compared wet cupping with dry cupping for low back pain and the result was negative. The effectiveness of bloodletting plus acupuncture for treating patients with low back pain is superior to acupuncture in spite of low quality. One trial of wet cupping for ankle sprain had effects in reducing pain. However, I suggest that the rigorous RCTs of cupping and blood letting therapy will be conducted in well designed features.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.538-546
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• 2008

Large-type goats eating dry forage secreted large volumes of saliva which resulted in the loss of $NaHCO_3$ from the blood and decreased plasma volume (hypovolemia). This research investigated whether or not the loss of $NaHCO_3$ from the blood and hypovolemia brought about by dry forage feeding actually depresses feed intake in large-type goats under free drinking conditions. The present experiment consisted of three treatments (NI, ASI, MI). All treatments in this experiment were carried out under free drinking conditions. In the NI control (NI), a solution was not infused. In the ASI treatment, i.v. infusion of artificial saliva was initiated 2 h before feeding and was continued for a total of 3 h concluding 1 h after the commencement of the feeding perod. In the MI treatment, mannitol solution was infused to replenish only water lost from the blood in the form of saliva. The hematocrit and plasma total protein concentrations during feeding in the NI control were observed to be higher than pre-feeding levels. This indicated that dry forage feeding-induced hypovolemia was caused by the accelerated secretion of saliva during the initial stages of feeding in freely drinking large-type goats. Increases in hematocrit and plasma total protein concentrations due to dry forage feeding were significantly suppressed by the ASI treatment. While hematocrit during feeding in the MI treatment was significantly lower than the NI control, plasma total protein concentrations were not different. From these results, it is clear that the MI treatment was less effective than the ASI treatment in mitigating the decreases in plasma volume brought about by dry forage feeding. This indicates that plasma volume increased during dry forage feeding in the ASI treatment which inhibited production of angiotensin II in the blood. The ASI treatment lessened the levels of suppression on dry forage feeding, but the MI treatment had no effect on it under free drinking conditions. The results indicate that despite the free drinking conditions, increases in saliva secretion during the initial stages of dry forage feeding in large-type goats caused $NaHCO_3$ to be lost from the blood into the rumen which in turn caused a decrease in circulating plasma volume and resulted in activation of the renin-angiotensin system and thus feeding was suppressed.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 1997

Optimal conditions for collecting, storing and drying temperature to utilize slaughter porcine blood for blood meals and the effects of blood meal on growth in broiler chicks were investigated. Dry matter and protein contents of slaughter procine blood were 19.5% and 77%(dry basis), respectively. As for the composites of amino acids in the blood, aspartic acid, arginine, glycine, histidine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanin threonine were shown high. There was no significant difference between the collections by bloodletting and vacuumming in terms of microbial contamination. Storage of slaughter porcine blood showed no differences in protein, DNA and triglyceride contents and pH between the storage methods of freezing (-20$^{\circ}C$) and refrigerating (-4$^{\circ}C$). In case of room temperature storage, however, the decrease in pH and the appearance of new protein due to microbial contaminations increased as the storage periods were prolonged. When drying was done by flash methods, the drying period got shortened as the temperature became higher, yet protein and triglyceride were destoryed more. When drying was done over 120$^{\circ}C$, even at the same degree, the breakdowns of protein and triglyceride increased more as drying period got longer. In feeding trials of broiler chicks, dietary supplementation of the flash dried blood meal at 2% level showed significant difference in growth rate(P＜.05%). These results indicated that the appropriate handling and manufacturing of slaughter porcine blood enabled the blood to be used as a protein source for broiler chicks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.742-747
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• 2007

In order to investigate the mechanism of adaptation to long-term heat stress, six female buffalo calves of about 7 to 8 months age, were exposed to the cool-comfort environment (THI 65) for 21 days to obtain normal values of blood acid-base. An adaptive response of acid-base regulation was determined to long term (21 days) exposure of buffalo calves to hot-dry (THI 80) and hot-humid (THI 84) conditions. Higher rectal temperature and respiratory rate was recorded under hot-humid exposure compared to hot-dry. Significant reduction in the rectal temperature and respiratory rate on day 21 of hot-dry exposure indicated early thermal adaptation compared to hot-humid. Decreasing rectal temperature and respiratory rate from day 1 to 21 was associated with concurrent decrease in blood pH and pCO2. Increased plasma chloride concentration with low base excess in blood and in extracellular fluid suggested compensatory response to respiratory alkalosis. Reduced fractional excretion of sodium with increased fractional excretion of potassium and urine flow rate indicated renal adaptive response to heat stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.341-351
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• 2017

This study evaluates a cleaning method to maintain and minimize the change of blood soil for the selective removal of stains from textiles with historical significance and special meaning. Cotton and silk fabrics were soiled with blood, aged artificially and then washed by wet cleaning or dry cleaning (water, nonionic surfactant; Triton, natural surfactant; saponin, organic solvent; n-Decane). The washed fabrics were stored at room temperature for four years. The change of the blood soil was evaluated by SEM, weight, thickness, and color differences. Subsequently, the shape and the amount of blood adsorption on the fabric varied depending on fiber type and fabric structure characteristics; in addition, long term storage affected changes to blood soil. It was difficult to remove artificially aged blood soil from fabrics by wet or dry cleaning. However, the changes of the blood soil by these cleanings can be explained by the changes on SEM, weight, thickness and fabric color. The changes (especially color) showed over time. Wet cleaning showed that the changes of those factors were slightly lower than those by dry cleaning.