• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.3345-3349
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• 2013

Hsp90 shows great promise as a therapeutic target due to its potential to disable multiple signaling pathways simultaneously. In this study, we discovered that a natural product, butein moderately inhibited the growth of drug-resistant cancer cells (A2780cis and H1975), and brought about the degradation of oncogenic Hsp90 client proteins. The study demonstrated that butein would be a therapeutic lead to circumvent drug-resistance in cancer chemotherapy. The structure-based screening, synthesis, and biological evaluation of butein are described herein.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제77권4호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

Since tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern and the incidence of multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB is increasing globally, new modalities for the detection of TB and drug resistant TB are needed to improve TB control. The Xpert MTB/RIF test can be a valuable new tool for early detection of TB and rifampicin resistance, with a high sensitivity and specificity. Late-generation fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, which are the principal drugs for the treatment of MDR-TB, show equally high efficacy and safety. Systemic steroids may reduce the overall TB mortality attributable to all forms of TB across all organ systems, although inhaled corticosteroids can increase the risk of TB development. Although fixed dose combinations were expected to reduce the risk of drug resistance and increase drug compliance, a recent meta-analysis found that they might actually increase the risk of relapse and treatment failure. Regarding treatment duration, patients with cavitation and culture positivity at 2 months of TB treatment may require more than 6 months of standard treatment. New anti-TB drugs, such as linezolid, bedaquiline, and delamanid, could improve the outcomes in drug-resistant TB. Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease has typical clinical and immunological phenotypes. Mycobacterial genotyping may predict disease progression, and whole genome sequencing may reveal the transmission of Mycobacterium abscessus. In refractory Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease, a moxifloxacin-containing regimen was expected to improve the treatment outcome.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.691-696
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• 2007

Purpose: The emergency of multi-drug resistant stains of bacteria represents a challenge in the field of plastic surgery. Especially, MRSA(methycillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have strong pathogenicity as well as multi-drug resistance so that they have become a lot more problematic strains. This study has been planned to reduce the bacterial burden by applying $Acticoat^{(R)}$(Smith & Nephew Healthcare, Hull, England)dressing into the chronic wounds infected by multi-drug resistant strains and to facilitate their healing. Methods: Nanocrystalline silver dressings($Acticoat^{(R)}$) were applied to chronic wound infected by MRSA or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multi-drug resistant bacteria were smeared over a slide glass using sterilized cotton swabs and gram stains were performed directly before and after applying $Acticoat^{(R)}$ dressings at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The gram-stained slides were observed using an optical microscope magnified 1000 times(${\times}1000$). The bacterial counts of the control group(0 hour) were compared to those of the experimental groups(1, 24, 48, and 72 hour). Paired T-test was used to assess a statistical significance. MRSA was cultured in two BAPs(blood agar plate) and two MacConkey plates with streak plate method. None were interventions on one culture plate, while on the other culture plate, $Acticoat^{(R)}$ was placed in a square shape and cultured for 72 hours at $37^{\circ}C$, then plates were examined. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured in the same manner as MRSA. Results: There are the large amount of declination of bacterial counts with statistical significance after $Acticoat^{(R)}$ dressing. The bacteria grew in culture plate without specific intervention, but no bacteria grew in culture plate with applying of $Acticoat^{(R)}$ dressing. Conclusion: We believe that $Acticoat^{(R)}$ dressing could be used as an effective method of treating chronic wounds which are infected by multi-drug resistant organisms.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.562-572
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• 2015

We previously reported the role of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in response to anti-cancer drugs. The decreased expression of HDAC3 in anti-cancer drug-resistant cancer cell line is responsible for the resistance to anti-cancer drugs. In this study, we investigated molecular mechanisms associated with regulation of HDAC3 expression. MG132, an inhibitor of proteasomal degradation, induced the expression of HDAC3 in various anti-cancer drug-resistant cancer cell lines. Ubiquitination of HDAC3 was observed in various anti-cancer drug-resistant cancer cell lines. HDAC3 showed an interaction with SIAH2, an ubiquitin E3 ligase, that has increased expression in various anti-cancer drug-resistant cancer cell lines. miRNA array analysis showed the decreased expression of miR-335 in these cells. Targetscan analysis predicted the binding of miR-335 to the 3'-UTR of SIAH2. miR-335-mediated increased sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs was associated with its effect on HDAC3 and SIAH2 expression. miR-335 exerted apoptotic effects and inhibited ubiquitination of HDAC3 in anti-cancer drug-resistant cancer cell lines. miR-335 negatively regulated the invasion, migration, and growth rate of cancer cells. The mouse xenograft model showed that miR-335 negatively regulated the tumorigenic potential of cancer cells. The down-regulation of SIAH2 conferred sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. The results of the study indicated that the miR-335/SIAH2/HDAC3 axis regulates the response to anti-cancer drugs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.83-87
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• 1988

The in vitro drug susceptibility of 83 strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica recovered from Korean pigs with atrophic rhinitis was investigated by the use of disk diffusion method. The majority of the organisms were highly resistant in order of prevalence to penicillin(98.7%), ampicillin(91.5%), streptomycin(90.3%), triple sulfa(83.1%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(70.7%) while none of them were resistant to gentamicin, only 3.6% to colistin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin and 6.0% to tetracycline. The percentage of the organism resistant to bicozamycin, cephalothin and neomycin were 34.9%, 34.1% and 18.4%, respectively. A high prevalence of multiple drug resistance was observed and the 3 most common resistant patterns among 35 patterns noted were Am Pc Sm Sss Sxt(26.5%), Am Cf Pc Sm Sss Sxt(12.%) and Am Bm Pc Sm Sss Sxt(9.6%) patterns.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2003

연구배경 : 원내 폐폄은 중환자실에서 가장 흔한 원내 감염이다. 특히 Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii의 빈도도 증가되고 있으나 이에 의한 원내 폐렴의 임상 양상 및 예후에 대해서는 보고가 부족한 편이다. 이에 저자들은 중환자실에서 객담 배양 검사상 Multi-drug resistant A. baumannii가 검출된 환자들을 대상으로, Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score(CPIS)가 6점을 초과한 군과 6점 이하인 군으로 분류하고, 각 군간의 임상 양상 및 예후를 살펴보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월 l일 부터 2002년 7월 31일 까지 포천 중문 의대 분당 차병원 성인 중환자실에 입원하였던 환자 중에서 객담 배양 검사상 Multi-drug resistant A. baumannii가 검출되면서 임상적으로 폐렴이 의심된 43명의 환자들을 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환자군 중 CPIS 6점 초과 군은 19명, 6점 이하 군은 24명 이었고, CPIS 6점 초과 군의 평균 연령이 유의하게 높았다 ($71{\pm}11$ vs $61{\pm}19$, p=0.046). 중환자실 입원일과 객담 검체가 채취된 날의 APACHE II score는 두번 모두 양 군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다($17.4{\pm}5.7$ vs $18.5{\pm}6.1$, p=0.553; $20{\pm}6$ vs $17{\pm}8$, p=0.078). 그러나 사망률은 CPIS 6점 초과 군에서 73.7%(14/19), CPIS 6점 이하 군에서 16.7%(4/24)로 CPIS 6점 초과 군에서 유의하게 높았다.(p<0.01) 결 론 : 중환자실에서 임상적으로 폐렴이 의심된 환자에서 객담 배양 검사상 Multi-drug resistant A. baumannii가 검출 되었을 때 CPIS가 6점을 초과할 경우 사망률이 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.17-31
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• 1986

Forty clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens were tested for their susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial drugs and studied on the molecular characteristics of R plasmids. Cefotaxime (Ct) was the most effective drug and only 2 (5%) strains were resistant to this drug. Thirteen to 18% of strains were resistant to cefoperazone (Cz), amikacin (Ak). and trimethoprim (Tp), and 28 to 40% were resistant to piperacillin (Pi), nalidixic acid (Na), gentamicin (Gm), and cefoxitin (Cx). A majority of strains were resistant to carbenicillin (Cb), tobramycin (Tp), kanamycin (Km), and cefamandole (Cd), and all to cephalothin. One half of the isolates were resistant to 10 or more drugs. $MIC_{90}$ of Pi to Gm-resistant strains (Gm') were 8 times higher than that to Gm-susceptible strains (Gm'), but $MIC_{90}$ of Ak, Cx, Ct, and Cz were almost the same between both Gm' and Gm' strains. Nine (23.7%) strains among 38 of multiply drug-resistant S. marcescens transferred conjugally their partial patterns of resistance to E. coli or Klebsiella strains, and two S. marcescens strains producing bacteriocin transferred their resistance to Klebsiella only, but not to E. coli. The plasmid profiles of S. marcescens were studied by the methods of SDS lysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four (60%) strains carried one to four plasmids of 1.4. to 144 Mdal, and conjugative R plasmids of 49 to 127 Mdal were noted in transconjugants. MIC levels of drugs in transconjugants were variable by the R plasmids and recipient strains.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.336-340
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible utilization of Zanthoxylum schinifolium as a source of antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial effects of Zanthoxylum schinifolium extracts were investigated against Acinetobacter baumannii, which is a multi-drug resistant pathogen, and 5 other pathogenic microorganisms. The hexane extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium was more effective than the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and methanol extracts which were active against Acinetobacter baumannii 25, with minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) ranging from 0.8 mg/ml to 1.6 mg/ml. Tetracycline had no effect on Acinetobacter baumanniii. The hexane extract was highly active against Candida albicans IFO 6258, with an MIC of 1.5 mg/ml. In contrast, the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and methanol extracts showed no activity against the 5 pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, a combination of hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract was significantly more active against the 5 Acinetobacter baumannii strains than n-butanol and methanol. These results suggest that Zanthoxylum schinifolium extracts have great potential as antimicrobial compounds against multi-drug resistant pathogens, and further studies are warranted.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.470-478
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• 1997

연구배경 : 세포내 병원균(intracellular pathogen)으로 감염초기에 단핵식세포(mononuclear phagocytes)에 탐식되는데, 독성(virulent) 결핵균주(Erdman, H37Rv)가 약독화(attenuated) 균주(H37Ra)보다 탐식이 더 잘 되며, 이러한 현상으로부터 결핵균의 입장에서 보면 단핵식세포에 탐식이 잘되는 것이 생존 및 증식에 유리할 것이라는 의견이 제시되어 왔다. 그리고 난치성 결핵환자에서 분리한 결핵균은 임상적으로 독성이 강하며 대부분에서 다제내성을 보이므로, 약제내성 결핵균여 감수성균에 비해 독성이 강하다는 가정하에 약제내성 결핵균이 감수성균에 비해 단핵식세포에 탐식이 더 잘 되는지, 그리고 난치성 결핵환자에서 분리한 단핵식세포가 정상인에 비해 결핵균을 더 잘 탐식하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 약제내성의 정도에 따라 모든약제에 감수성인 결핵균, Isoniazid와 Rifampicin을 포함한 일부 약제에 내성인 결핵균, 모든 약제에 내성인 결핵균을 각각 $70^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 가열하여 사멸시킨 뒤 부유액을 만들어 10명의 난치성 결핵환자와 12명의 정상인에서 분리한 말초혈액탄핵구 배양액에 첨가하여 탐식시킨 뒤 단핵구의 결핵균을 탐식율을 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 약제내성 결핵균이 감수성균에 비하여 말초혈액단핵구에 탐식이 더 잘되었으며(정상 대조군에서 분리한 말초혈액단핵구의 결핵균 탐식율 : 모든약제 감수성균 : $32.3{\pm}2.9%$, 모든약제 내성균 : $49.6{\pm}3.4%$, p = 0.0022, 난치성 결핵환자군에서 분리한 말초혈액단핵구의 결핵균 탐식율 : 모든약제 감수성균 : $34.9{\pm}3.6%$, 모든약제 내성균 : $50.7{\pm}4.5%$, p = 0.0069), 난치성 결핵환자와 정상인에서 분리한 말초혈액단핵구 사이의 결핵균의 탐식능에는 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 약제 내성균이 감수성균보다 단핵식세포에 탐식이 더 잘 되며, 숙주 요인은 결핵균의 탐식의 차이에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 보인다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors which influence the management of MultiDrug -Resistant Organisms (MDROs) by nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Methods: Data were collected from December 8 to 20, 2013 and participants were 163 ICU nurses working in one general hospital. The Health Belief Model tool and knowledge and management of MDROs infection tools were used in the study. Descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variances, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Knowledge, perceived susceptibility, and perceived benefits had a significant influence on MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus,) and MDRAB (Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii) infection management when all the other variables were considered. Significant variable which had influence on VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Eenterococci) infection management were perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits. Conclusion: Perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits had significant influence on MDROs infection management. Emphasis needs to be on the perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits of MDROs infection management when providing an educational program for ICU nurses.