• Title/Summary/Keyword: Drug-associated

Search Result 1,268, Processing Time 0.035 seconds

Synergic Effect of Trimebutine Combined with Mosapride on Gastrointestinal Dysfunction and Visceral Pain Induced in Stress Models

  • Park, Young-Joon;Park, Yong-Sul;Chung, Zoo-Chul;Nam, Yun-Sung;Chung, Yoon-Hee;Cho, Kwan-Hyung;Choi, Sung-Up;Sohn, Uy-Dong;Park, Eon-Sub;Je, Hyun-Dong;Lee, Choong-Ho;Lee, Moo-Yeol;Jeong, Ji-Hoon
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
    • /
    • v.19 no.1
    • /
    • pp.84-89
    • /
    • 2011
  • The present study was undertaken to determine whether combined treatment with prokinetic trimebutine and mosapride has a synergic effect on gastrointestinal motility and visceral pain associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction. To develop effective gastroprokinetic agents with greater potencies than trimebutine or mosapride for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disease, a mixture of trimebutine and mosapride was designed and prepared. In the present study, treatment with trimebutine alone showed a dose-dependent effect on propelling movements of normal small and large intestine in mice, whereas mosapride effected only small intestine motility. Co-administration of trimebutine with mosapride, a well-established prokinetic drug, produced a synergistic influence on normal small intestine motility, but demonstrated an unclear effect on large intestine motility, with a slight tendency to reduce the propelling time. In a stress model, the small and large intestine motilities were significantly decreased. The reduction of intestine motility was restored to a normal level and the restoring effect was more pronounced in the combined treatment with trimebutine plus mosapride than treatment with trimebutine or mosapride alone. Furthermore, treatment with trimebutine plus mosapride significantly decreased acute visceral pain which was not controlled by trimebutine or mosapride alone. These data suggest that combination therapy with trimebutine plus mosapride has a synergic effect on small and large intestine motility and visceral pain control in gastrointestinal disorders.

Sexual Intercourse and Its Correlates Among School-aged Adolescents in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey

  • Rizkianti, Anissa;Maisya, Iram Barida;Kusumawardani, Nunik;Linhart, Christine;Pardosi, Jerico Franciscus
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
    • /
    • v.53 no.5
    • /
    • pp.323-331
    • /
    • 2020
  • Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among junior secondary and high school students in Indonesia from the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). Methods: The survey was conducted among 11 110 students from 75 schools in Indonesia using a self-administered questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between sexual intercourse and socio-demographic variables, substance use, mental distress, and protective factors. Results: Overall, 5.3% of students reported having ever had sex (6.9% of boys and 3.8% of girls). Of students who engaged in sexual intercourse, 72.7% of boys and 90.3% of girls had an early sexual debut (before reaching the age of 15) and around 60% had multiple sex partners. Sexual intercourse was associated with gender, school grade, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, suicidal ideation, truancy, peer support, and parental supervision. Conclusions: These findings indicate a pressing need to develop more comprehensive sexual health education in the national curriculum. An effective strategy should also address other risky behaviours.

Growth Promoting Effects of Oriental Medicinal Drugs on Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in the Rat

  • Jo Hyun-Kyung;NamGung Uk;Seol In-Chan;Kim Yoon-Sik
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
    • /
    • v.19 no.6
    • /
    • pp.1666-1672
    • /
    • 2005
  • Oriental medicinal drugs have a broad spectrum of clinical use for the cure of nervous system diseases including brain ischemic damages or neuropathies. Yet, specific drugs or drug components used in the oriental medicine in relation to none fiber regeneration are not known. In the present study, possible growth promoting effects of oriental medicinal drugs were investigated in the injured sciatic nerve system in the rat. By immunofluorescence staining, we found that Jahageo (JHG, Hominis placenta) increased Induction levels of axonal growth associated protein GAP-43 in the rat sciatic none. Small growth promoting activity was found in Golsebo (GSB, Drynariae rhizoma) and Baikhasuo (BHSO, Polygoni multiflori radix) drugs. JHG also increased cell cycle protein Cdc2 levels in the injured area of the sciatic nerves. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that induced Cdc2 protein was mostly localized in the Schwann cells in the injury area, implying that JHG activity might be related to increased Schwann cell proliferation during axonal regeneration. Moreover, levels of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) pathway in the injured neNes were elevated by JHG treatment while levels of total ERK were unaltered. In vivo measurement of axonal regeneration using retrograde tracer showed that JHG, GSB and BHSO significantly enhanced Dil-labeled regenerating motor neurons compared with saline control. The present data suggest that oriental medicinal drugs such as JHG, GSB, and BHSO may be a useful target for developing specific drugs of axonal regeneration.

Screening of Anti-cancer Compounds Originated from Filamentous Fungi (Monascus sp.) (사상성 곰팡이 (Monascus sp.) 유래 항암 물질의 탐색)

  • Sin, Yeong-Min;Park, Hae-Ryoun;An, Won-Gun
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
    • /
    • v.19 no.3
    • /
    • pp.671-676
    • /
    • 2005
  • In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effect of extract from Monascus pillosus, on the human wild-type p53 and p21 expressing A549 lung epithelial cell line and MCF-7 mammary adenocarcinoma cell line stimulated by NO. $P21^{waf/cip1}$ was identified as a gene induced in senescent cells. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. While p53-regulated stimulation of p21 appears to be central for the permanent growth-arrest, the role of p21 in p53-triggered cell death is unclear. Low dose of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced the development of senescence associated with increased expression of p53 and p21 in A549 cells. Inhibition of p21 transactivating activity requires high level correlates with the amount of p53 necessary to cause cell death. Association of p21 and p53 results in inhibition of p21-stimulated transcription. This requires a higher p53 level than is necessary for transcriptional activation of endogenous p53-responsive gene but correlates well with the level of p53 necessary to cause cell death. Exposure to W-1 inhibited oxidative stresses-induced senescence-like arrest, resulting in a significant reduction in p53 and p21 steady state levels. These results suggest that p53 and p21 play a central role in the onset of senescence. Thus, it is important to emphasize control of oxidative balance in tumor prevention and aging.

Potentiation of Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity induced by Repeated Physical Exercise in adult Female rats (백서의 반복적인 육체운동에 의한 사염화탄소 간독성의 증폭효과)

  • Kim, Su-Nyeon;Kim, Young-Chul
    • Toxicological Research
    • /
    • v.8 no.2
    • /
    • pp.265-272
    • /
    • 1992
  • Effects of repeated physical exercise on the carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) hepatotoxicity were examined in adult female rats. Rats were introduced into a cylindrical rotating cage and forced to exercise for 1 hr each day, 6days/week, for 5 consecutive weeks at a speed starting from 10m/min, increased by 1m/min per day until the speed reached 27m/min. Significantly less body weight gain was observed in the exercise group suggesting that physical fitness had been induced in these animals. Eighteen hours following termination of the last exercise bout rats were treated with $CCl_4$(2 mmol/kg.ip). The $CCl_4$-induced heptotoxicity was significantly potentiated in the repeated exercise group compared to the resting sedentary animals as determined by changes in serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase) activities when measured 24hrs following the $CCl_4$ treatment. Hepatic drug metabolizing activity was determined in order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of potentiating action of the $CCl_4$ hepatotoxicity induced by repeated physical exercise. Repeated exercise increased the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 contents and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. The results suggest that the potentiation of $CCl_4$ hepatotoxicity by repeated exercise is associated with induction of the mixed function oxidase (MFO) enzyme system mediating the metabolism of $CCl_4$ to its active metabolite(s).

  • PDF

Studies on the Yeast-Like Fungi Associated with Bovine Mastitis 2. Sensitivity of Yeast-Like Fungi to Antifungal Agents (유우유방염(乳牛乳房炎)에 관여(關與)하는 효모양진균(酵母樣眞菌)에 관한 연구(硏究) 2. 효모양진균(酵母樣眞菌)의 항진균성물질(抗眞菌性物質)에 대한 감수성(感受性))

  • Yeo, Sang-Geon;Choi, Won-Pil
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
    • /
    • v.22 no.2
    • /
    • pp.139-147
    • /
    • 1982
  • A total of 133 isolates of yeast-like fungi was tested for sensitivity to seven different antifungal agents. The yeast-like fungi tested were isolated from the milk from normal or mastitic bovine quaters or from bovine feces. They were 5 Candida albicans (C. albicans) isolates, 63 C. krusei, 27 C. tropicalis, 5 C. parapsilosis, 10 Torulopsis glabrata, 6 Rhodotorula sp., 6 Hansenula sp. and 1 Pichia sp. isolate. The antifungal agents tested were nystatin, griseofulvin, cycloheximide, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazol, clotrimazole and tolnaftate. In general, clotrimazole, miconazol and 5-fluorocytosine were more effective in antifungal activity in vitro against the test organisms than the rest of the agents tested. However, some of the isolates showed higher resistance to certain antifungal agents compared to the other isolates of the some species. They were: 1 C. albicans isolate to 5-fluorocytosine; 1 C. albicans to 5-fluorocytosine, miconazol and clotrimazole; 1 C. krusei to 5-fluorocytosine and cycloheximide; and 11 C. tropicalis isolates to cycloheximide. The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of clotrimazole were $12.5{\mu}g/ml$ or lower for all isolates tested except one C. albicans isolate, for which MIC of the drug was $100{\mu}g/ml$. On the other hand, the MIC's of cycloheximide were $6.5{\mu}g/ml$ or lower for all isolates except the following; all isolates of C. albicans ($100{\mu}g/ml$), C. pseudotropicalis ($200{\mu}g/ml$) and Rhodotorula sp. ($25-50{\mu}g/ml$), 11 C. tropicalis isolates ($100{\mu}g/ml$) and 1 C. krusei isolate ($200{\mu}g/ml$).

  • PDF

Studies on the Yeast-Like Fungi Associated with Bovine Mastitis 1. Epidemiological Study (유우유방염(乳牛乳房炎)에 관여(關與)하는 효모양진균(酵母樣眞菌)에 관한 연구(硏究) 1. 역학적(疫學的)인 조사(調査))

  • Yeo, Sang-Geon;Choi, Won-Pil
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
    • /
    • v.22 no.2
    • /
    • pp.121-138
    • /
    • 1982
  • The present study was conducted in order to investigate the role of yeast-like fungi in bovine mastitis. Attempts were made to isolate and identify yeast-like fungi from the milk from normal udders and those with clinical or subclinical mastitis and from feces. Also incuded in the study were trials for the pathogenicity of the isolates for laboratory animals and efficacy of an anti-fungal drug for the treatment of mastitis. A total of 133 isolates of yeast-like fungi was made from milk and feces and they were identified as Candida (C.) albicans (5 isolates), C. krusei (63 isolates), C. tropicalis (27 isolates), Torulopsis (T.) glabrata (10 isolates), Rhodotourla sp. (6 isolates), Hansenula sp. (6 isolates) and Pichia sp. (1 isolate). Sixty seven strains of yeast-like fungi were isolated from the milk of 64 quarters (4.3% of quarters examined) of 55 cows (14.3% of cows examined). C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. parapsilosis and T. glabrata were isolated as the causative agents from 20 quarters (1.3% of quarters examined) with clinical mastitis. C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, T. glabrata, Rhodotorula sp. and Hansenula sp. were isolated as the causative agents from 22 quarters (1.5% quarters examined) with subclinical mastitis. C. tropicalis, C. krusei, T. glabrata and Rhodotorula sp. were isolated as the contaminants from 22 normal quarters (1.5% of quarters examined). C. krusei, C albicans, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. parapsilosis, T. glabrata, Hansenula sp., Rhodotorula sp. and Pichia sp. were isolated as the contaminants from feces and all of the species except Pichia sp. were isolated from milk of the same cows at the some time. Intramammary infusion of nystatin was effective for the treatment of mastitis caused by C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotoropicalis, C. parapsilosis, T. glabrata and Rhodotorula sp. C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, T. glabrata, Hamsenula sp. and Pichia sp. were pathogenic for rat but C. parapsilosis and Rhodotorula sp. were not.

  • PDF

Clinical Significance of Brain SPECT in Zipeprol Abusers (Zipeprol 남용환자에서 뇌 단일광자방출 전산화단층촬영술의 임상적 의의)

  • Cho, Dai-Ok;Kim, Jae-Phil;Kim, Deog-Yoon;Yang, Hyung-In;Koh, Eun-Mi;Kim, Kwang-Won;Choi, Young-Kil
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
    • /
    • v.27 no.1
    • /
    • pp.22-27
    • /
    • 1993
  • Drug abuse is widespread in worldwide and has been associated with neurologic complication. Zipeprol is one of the drugs which been abused for psychological satisfaction in some adolescents. This agent is non-opioid antitussive agent, which is not legally considered as being capable of creating dependence or abuse liability at therapeutic serum levels. But it has been reported that acute or chronic overdose create neurologic complication such as convulsion as well as dependence. Recently we experienced six zipeprol abusers who admitted due to convulsion and variable neurologic symptoms. The aim of our study was to determine the role of $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO brain SPECT in those patients. EEG and brain CT showed no abnormal finding, but brain SPECT showed focal or multiple perfusion abnormalities in frontal, parietal, occipital cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and especially at temporal cortex. These results suggest that brain SPECT may be a useful diagnostic tool to evaluate the cerebral dysfunction infused by zipeprol abuse.

  • PDF

A Unique Gene Expression Signature of 5-fluorouracil

  • Kim, Ja-Eun;Yoo, Chang-Hyuk;Park, Dong-Yoon;Lee, Han-Yong;Yoon, Jeong-Ho;Kim, Se-Nyun
    • Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
    • /
    • v.1 no.4
    • /
    • pp.248-255
    • /
    • 2005
  • To understand the response of cancer cells to anticancer drugs at the gene expression level, we examined the gene expression changes in response to five anticancer drugs, 5-fluorouracil, cytarabine, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and cytochalasin D in NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells. Of the five drugs, 5-fluorouracil had the most distinctive gene expression signature. By clustering genes whose expression changed significantly, we identified three clusters with unique gene expression patterns. The first cluster reflected the up-regulation of gene expression by cisplatin, and included genes involved in cell death and DNA repair. The second cluster pointed to a general reduction of gene expression by most of the anticancer drugs tested. A number of genes in this cluster are involved in signal transduction that is important for communication between cells and reception of extracellular signals. The last cluster represented reduced gene expression in response to 5-fluorouracil, the genes involved being implicated in DNA metabolism, the cell cycle, and RNA processing. Since the gene expression signature of 5-fluorouracil was unique, we investigated it in more detail. Significance analysis of microarray data (SAM) identified 808 genes whose expression was significantly altered by 5-fluorouracil. Among the up-regulated genes, those affecting apoptosis were the most noteworthy. The down-regulated genes were mainly associated with transcription-and translation-related processes which are known targets of 5-fluorouracil. These results suggest that the gene expression signature of an anticancer drug is closely related to its physiological action and the response of caner cells.

Prevention of Olanzapine-induced Toxicities of Weight Gain and Inflammatory Reactions by Coadministration with Green Tea or its Major Component Phenolic Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate in Mouse

  • Kim, Chul-Eung;Mo, Ji-Won;Kim, Jin;Kang, Ju-Hee;Park, Chang-Shin
    • Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
    • /
    • v.3 no.2
    • /
    • pp.127-131
    • /
    • 2007
  • Chronic treatment with olanzapine (OLZ), an atypical antipsychotic drug, is associated with the adverse effects of weight gain, hyperglycemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia. Green tea or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the most abundant green tea polyphenols, significantly reduces or prevents an increase in glucose levels, lipid markers and/or body weight. We hypothesized that combined treatment with OLZ and green tea extract (GTE) or EGCG may prevent body weight gain and increase of the lipid markers. ICR male mice weighing an average of 30.51 g (n=32) at the beginning of the experiment were used. OLZ, OLZ+GTE and OLZ+EGCG were administered for 27 d in the drinking water, and then the levels of fasting glucose, nitric oxide (NO), and a typical lipid marker triglyceride (TG) were determined in plasma. The body weight and food intake were also compared. The chronic treatment of OLZ increased the average body weight compared with that of controls. In the presence of GTE or EGCG, the OLZ-induced increase in body weight was significantly prevented. Furthermore, in the OLZ group, the plasma levels of glucose, NO and TG were significantly increased, whereas GTE or EGCG prevented these increases. These results implicate that OLZ may induce systematic inflammatory reaction, and suggest that GTE or EGCG can protect against OLZinduced weight gain, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.