• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.330-337
• /
• 2013

There are several methods currently being used to diagnose tuberculosis in patients, such as smear, PCR, tuberculosis culture and X-ray. For a proper medical treatment, antimicrobial susceptibility test and rapid drug susceptibility testing have been operated. Tuberculosis bacilli usually need 3~8 weeks of culture period because of delay in RNA synthesis and require 15~22 hours for generation. After a germ raises in culture, we initiated antimicrobial susceptibility test for a proper treatment. It has some difficulties to give a proper prescription for a tuberculosis patient because antimicrobial susceptibility test requires 4 weeks. To supplement this, we are practicing drug susceptibility testing which allow us to know the sensibility of RMP and INH after 2 or 3 days. But this is only possible when more than 2 positive germ. Therefore, we should practice rapid drug susceptibility testing with culture test. But if media is contaminated by other germs except Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it's hard to interpret result about culture test and to practice antimicrobial susceptibility test and rapid drug susceptibility testing. Because we have to practice again smear, culture test after extracting specimen from the patient, time is consumed and proper patient treatment is postponed. To address these problems and quick patient treatment, rapid drug susceptibility testing is practiced by using GenoType$^{(R)}$ MTDRplus method. As a result of this method we detected sensibility 10 and 7 cases and resistance 0 and 3 cases using RIM and INH respectively with other 1 case toward medicals out of the total 11 test. In conclusion rapid drug susceptibility testing can be used from the contaminated specimen after elimination of contaminated source from culture and proved that it can be practiced for rapid examination of a tuberculosis patient.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제64권2호
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2008

연구배경: 결핵의 치료력이 없는 결핵환자에서 발생하는 초회 약제내성은 결핵관리에 있어서 심각한 문제이다. 그러나 우리나라, 특히 민간의료기관에서 치료받는 폐결핵환자들의 초회 약제내성률에 대해서 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 천안지방의 한 3차병원에서 폐결핵환자들의 초회 약제내성률과 약제내성의 위험요소에 대해서 알아보았다. 방법: 2005년 9월부터 2007년 9월까지 단국대학교병원에서 객담 결핵균 배양검사 양성인 초치료 폐결핵환자 모두에 대해서 일차약과 이차약에 대한 약제감수성 검사를 시행하고 초회 약제내성의 양상과 함께 약제내성의 위험요소을 분석하였다. 또한 약제감수성 검사 결과가 치료 처방에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 결과: 총 156명의 초치료 폐결핵 환자에 대해서 약제 감수성 검사를 시행하였는데 한 가지 이상의 약제에 내성을 보인 환자는 21명(15.6%)이었으며 이소니아지드와 리팜핀에 동시 내성을 보이는 다제내성 환자는 1명(0.6%)이었다. 임상소견 중 초회 약제내성을 예측할 수 있는 독립적인 위험요소는 없었다. 약제감수성 검사 결과에 의해 15명(9.6%)의 환자에서 치료처방의 변경이 있었다. 결론: 폐결핵에서 초회 약제내성은 흔히 관찰되며 초 치료 폐결핵환자에서 약제감수성 검사는 환자치료에 도움이 된다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.227-239
• /
• 2022

Purpose: In our study, in order to find lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with multi-drug resistance to antibiotics, we isolated 140 strains from 15 types of kimchi commercially available in Korea and 20 types of Kimchi made at home from January to December in 2016, and investigated their H₂O₂ generating ability and multi-drug resistance to antibiotics. Methods: In order to observe the H₂O₂ generation ability of LAB, we performed the experiment with methods such as Rabe, Hillier, and Kang. To test the antibacterial susceptibility of LAB, we used the disc agar diffusion method using MRS agar (Difco, USA) according to the CLSI and WHO test methods. There are 18 types of antibiotic discs used. Results: Out of the total numbers of 140 strains, 6 strains of Ent. Faecium, 25 strains of L. plantarum, 1 strain of L. rhamnosus, 3 strains of L. sakei, 1 strain of L. acidophilus, 1 strains St. thermophilus, and 7 of unidentified strains generated H₂O₂. The antibiotic susceptibility of Ent. Faecium indicated SXT, OX, NA, and E; and the antibiotic susceptibility of L. plantarum indicated NA; and the antibiotic susceptibility of St. thermophilus indicated NA, CC, RA, CTT, CM, and P ; and the antibiotic susceptibility of L. rhamnosus indicated SXT, VA, NA and CTT; and the antibiotic susceptibility of 6 strains of L. sakei indicated SXT, OX, NOR, NA, CTT and CIP, all indicating antibiotic resistance. In the case of multi-drug resistance to antibiotics for 53 strains of L. antarum, 8-drug resistance was the most common with 25 strains, followed by 7-drug-resistant strains with 18 strains, 9-drug-resistant strains with 4 strains, 6-drug-resistant strains with 3 strains, 5-drug-resistant strains with 2 strains, and 17-drug-resistant strains with 1 strain. In the case of multi-drug resistance to antibiotics for Ent. Faecium 27 strains, 9-drug resistance was most commonly identified as 9 strains, 8-drug resistance was identified as 6 strains, 7- and 11 drug resistances were identified as 4 strains each, and 4- and 6-drug resistances were identified as 1 strain each. Conclusion: Ent. Faecium, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. sakei, and St. thermophilus, shown to have anantibacterial activity in previous studies on LAB and shown to have and H₂O₂ generating ability, antibiotic resistance and multi-drug resistance in this study, are expected to be able to play an excellent role for long-term inpatients to use as an alternative to antibiotics and to cope with emerging antibiotic resistance.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.215-219
• /
• 2016

The problems of tuberculosis and its drug resistance are very severe. Therefore, rapid and accurate drug susceptibility assay is required. Recently, there has been an increased understanding of the genetic mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug resistance as well as advancement of molecular technologies. While many gene mutations correlate well with drug resistance, many genes do not show a strong correlation with drug resistance. For this reason, the current study assessed the utility of rpoB mRNA as a target to detect live mycobacteria. In this study, RT-PCR targeting of rpoB mRNA in BCG treated with rifampin was performed. Conventional RT-PCR and real-time PCR targeting rpoB mRNA as well as 85B mRNA was performed to determine whether these two methods could distinguish between viable and non-viable MTB. The levels of rpoB and 85B mRNA detected by RT- PCR were compared in parallel with colony forming unit counts of BCG that were treated with rifampin for different periods of time. The data suggests that that even though both mRNA levels of rpoB and 85B decreased gradually when rifampin-treatment increased, the rpoB mRNA seemed to represent live bacteria better than 85B mRNA. This study clearly indicates that RT-PCR is a good method to monitor viable cell counts in the liquid culture treated with the anti-tuberculosis drug.

• 대한수의사회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.26-28
• /
• 1984

This study was undertaken to investigate drug susceptibility against the major antibiotics used in this country by the use of the disc diffusion susceptibility test. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Comparatively highly sensitive to antibiotics e

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제52권5호
• /
• pp.529-537
• /
• 2009

Drug-resistant tuberculosis in children has important implications for both the patients and tuberculosis control programs. In Korea, among all new patients, the isoniazid resistance rate was 9.9% and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate was 2.7% in 2004 (in patients aged 10-19 yr, the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate reached 2.1%). Tuberculosis in pediatric patients is difficult to diagnose because many children have nonspecific clinical signs and the detection rates of acid-fast bacilli smears and cultures are low. Therefore, every effort should be made to identify adult sources and obtain information on drug susceptibility because symptomatic adult patients have a higher chance of culture positivity and drug-susceptibility patterns are the same in most adult-child pair patients. Korean children are at significant risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis. As the isoniazid resistance rate is greater than 4% among the new cases in Korea, a four-drug regimen should be considered for initial treatment of children with active tuberculosis, unless drug-susceptibility test results are available. Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children is challenging and there are only few available data. Tuberculosis control programs should be continuous with specific focus on pediatric populations because they can serve as reservoirs for future active cases. Further studies are needed regarding treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 1987

This study was conducted to determine the microorganisms inhabitating in cow genitalia and their antimicrobial drug susceptibility. During the period between July, 1985 and February, 1986, a total of 111 cow genitalia, 58 from Korean native and 53 from dairy cow, were sampled at three abattoirs. Gross pathological examination and bacterial isolation and identification were performed from the genital samples. In addition antimicrobial drug susceptibility test for the microorganisms isolated, some synergistic activity among drugs were examined on the major organism isolated from the cases of endometritis and pyometra. The results are summerized as follows: 1. Among the bacteria isolated from the genitalia, Staphylococcus spp., C. pyogenes, E. coli, Proteus spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp. were most frequently isolated whereas the genera of Pasteurella, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Yersina were detected far less frequently. 2. In Korean native cow the genera of Straphylococcus and Steptococcus were more isolated than dairy cow while in dairy cow the genera of Corynebacterium, Proteus, Escherichia were more of ten isolated than Korean native cow. 3. From cow genital organs showing lesions of endometritis and prometra, C. pyogenes was most frequently isolated, the isolation rate being 60 percent, and follow by Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., E. coli and Pasteurella spp. in the order. 4. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility test conducted on the major organisms isolated showed that all the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, cephalosporin and sulfisoxazole, but resistant to tetracycline and penicillin. 5. Twenty-nine isolates of C. pyogenes were submitted to the synergistic activity test of cephalosporin, kanamycin and streptomycin with penicillin. Synergists were demonstrated in 90 percent, 31 percent and 27 percent of isolates examined by the combined use of penicillin and cephalosporin, penicillin and kanamycin, penicillin and streptomycin, respectively. About 10 percent of the isolates were found to be indifferent by the synergism test.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.505-507
• /
• 1994

A total of 526 domestic and experimental animals in Miyagi prefecture, Japan were investigated for fecal carriage of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. C. jejuni was detected in chickens (8.2%), dogs (6.3%), pigs (4.3%), cattle (1.8%) and hamsters (1.4%). C. coli was only detected from pigs (20.7%). Drug susceptibility test was performed on 5 strains of C. jejuni isolated from chickens and 13 strains of C. coli isolated from pigs to tylosin (TS), thianphenicol (TP), carbadox (CDX), chroltetracyclin (CTC), vancomycin (VCM), cefoperazone (CPZ), latamoxef (LMOX), GM were highly effective and CTC, CP and PL were moderately effective against both C. jejuni and C. coli. TS and TPH were moderately effective against C. jejuni; however, they were less effective to C. coli. One strain of C. jejuni against CTC considered to be drug resistant. The results suggest that C. jejuni and C. coli can be controlled by several drugs effectively, although a drug resistant strain exists.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.268-276
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors which influence the management of MultiDrug -Resistant Organisms (MDROs) by nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Methods: Data were collected from December 8 to 20, 2013 and participants were 163 ICU nurses working in one general hospital. The Health Belief Model tool and knowledge and management of MDROs infection tools were used in the study. Descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variances, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Knowledge, perceived susceptibility, and perceived benefits had a significant influence on MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus,) and MDRAB (Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii) infection management when all the other variables were considered. Significant variable which had influence on VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Eenterococci) infection management were perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits. Conclusion: Perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits had significant influence on MDROs infection management. Emphasis needs to be on the perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits of MDROs infection management when providing an educational program for ICU nurses.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제85권3호
• /
• pp.264-272
• /
• 2022

Background: The current conventional drug susceptibility test (DST) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) takes several weeks of incubation to obtain results. As a rapid method, molecular DST requires only a few days to get the results but does not fully cover the phenotypic resistance. A new rapid method based on the ability of viable Mtb bacilli to hydrolyze fluorescein diacetate to free fluorescein with detection of fluorescent mycobacteria by flow cytometric analysis, was recently developed. Methods: To evaluate this cytometric method, we tested 39 clinical isolates which were susceptible or resistant to isoniazid (INH) or rifampin (RIF), or ethambutol (EMB) by phenotypic or molecular DST methods and compared the results. Results: The susceptibility was determined by measuring the viability rate of Mtb and all the isolates which were tested with INH, RIF, and EMB showed susceptibility results concordant with those by the phenotypic solid and liquid media methods. The isolates having no mutations in the molecular DST but resistance in the conventional phenotypic DST were also resistant in this cytometric method. These results suggest that the flow cytometric DST method is faster than conventional agar phenotypic DST and may complement the results of molecular DST. Conclusion: In conclusion, the cytometric method could provide quick and more accurate information that would help clinicians to choose more effective drugs.