• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.481-488
• /
• 2008

Apoptosis is a natural cell suicide mechanism to maintain homeostasis. However, many of the diseases encountered today are caused by aberrant apoptosis where excessive apoptosis leads to neurodegenerative disorders, ischemic heart disease, autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, etc. A variety of antiapoptotic agents have been reported to interfere with the apoptosis pathway. These agents can be potential drug candidates for the treatment or prevention of diseases caused by dysregulated apoptosis. Obviously, world-wide pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are gearing up to develop antiapoptotic drugs with some products being commercially available. Polymeric drug delivery systems are essential to their success. Recent R&D efforts have focused on the chemical or bioconjugation of antiapoptotic proteins with the protein transduction domain (PTD) for higher cellular uptake with antibodies for specific targeting as well as with polymers to enhance the protein stability and prolonged effect with success observed both in vivo and in vitro. All these different fusion antiapoptotic proteins provide promising results for the treatment of dysregulated apoptosis diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.485-489
• /
• 2015

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage failure of the kidney, but the efficacy of currently available strategies for the prevention of DN remains unsatisfactory. In this study, we investigated the effects of free anthraquinones (FARs) extract, which was extracted from the rhubarb and purified by macroporous resin DM130 with gradient mixtures of ethanol/water as the lelution solvents, in high glucose-cultured glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). The cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay, the levels of TGF-${\beta}1$, CTGF, ColIV and FN proteins in the supernatant of MCs were measured by ELISA assays, and the mRNA levels of these four genes were detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that the increased proliferation of MCs, the mRNA levels and protein expression of TGF-${\beta}1$, CTGF, ColIV and FN induced by high glucose were inhibited after the treatment with the FARs extract. This indicated that FARs extract could inhibit cell proliferation and the expression of main extracellular matrix induced by high glucose in MCs. The FARs extract exhibited potential values for prophylaxis and therapy of DN.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.286-298
• /
• 1995

The purposes of this study were to suggest the need for drug prevention program in primary school and to provide basic data for preventing the youth from their drug abuse. A total of 680 students of primary school in Pusan were selected to answer this questionnair. The data was collected from July 1 to July 15, 1994. The major findings of this study were as follows : 1) The attitude about drugs of primary school students was desirable. By groups, girl students showed more desirable attitude than boy students. 2) 5.9% of subjects had smoking experience, and for the motives of smoking 77.5% of them, the largest numbers, was with curiosity. 3) 39.8% of subjects had experienced alcohol use, and for the motives alcohol use 50.5% of them, the largest numbers, was with curiosity. 4) 1.8% of subjects had experienced inhalants (gas, butane gas), and for the motives of inhalants use 58.4% of them, the largest numbers, was also with curiosity. 5) The rates of smoking, alcohol use and inhalants use were higher in boy students than girl students. 6) The attitude points about drugs in case of smoking, alcohol use and inhalants use were lower than the points in case of not using them. 7) Knowledge level about .drugs of subjects was appeared poor. 8) For the need of drug education 65.9% of subjects responded 'necessary', and they responded most suitable educator as school nurse. 9) The students had received drug education from school in 38.2%, from their parents in 8% and from mass media in 63.5%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.144-157
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Health management programs should provide comprehensive health services for students and staffs at schools. Health management programs are critical for helping students become adults with physically, mentally, and socially good health conditions. The aim of this study was to identify the past and present history of health management programs and health laws to help schools develop future health plans. Methods: This study was conducted by analyzing reference data collected using data from Ministry of Education and Science Technology, Korean Educational Development Institute, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Statistical Office as well as legal documents from the Legislative Office related to school health from 2001 to 2010. Results: Health management programs in schools included three sections: disease prevention and control, physical examinations, and prevention of communicable diseases. Disease prevention and controls consisted of obesity control, drug abuse prevention and control,and management of students' mental health. Various strategies and services were developed to improve health status of students for 10 years from 2001 to 2010. School health laws and systems have been established for disease prevention, physical examinations and communicable disease control as well, to improve students' health as well. Conclusion: The history of health management programs has a number of implications to help design future plans for school health programs and services for students and staffs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.197-200
• /
• 2011

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory infection in children. Most of the pediatric population have RSV infection before the age of 2, and recurrent infections are common even within one season. Chronic lung disease, prematurity, along with congenital heart disease (CHD) are major risk factors in severe lower respiratory infection. In hemo-dynamically significant CHD patients with RSV infection, hospitalization is usually needed and the possibility of treatment in intensive care unit and the use of mechanical ventilator support are known to increase. Therefore the prevention of RSV infection in CHD patients is mandatory. The current standard for RSV prevention is immunoprophylaxis by palivizumab. Immunoprophylaxis is recommended monthly in hemodynamically significant CHD patients, up to 5 months. Motabizumab, a second generation drug and newly developing RSV vaccines are also expected to play a key role in RSV prevention in the future. The prophylaxis of RSV infection in CHD patients is cost-effective in both the medical aspect of the patients as well as the socio-economic aspect. Therefore an effort to promote prevention should be made by not only the family of the patients but also by the government.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.317-338
• /
• 2011

The World Health Organization (WHO) tries to accomplish the goal of 'smoke free society', and developed countries regard the nicotine as an addictive drug. In order to better protect human health, all parties are required to adopt and implement effective legislative, executive, administrative or other measures for tobacco control in accordance with Article 4 the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). In order to achieve the objective of the FCTC and its protocols and to implement its provisions, Korea need to take an attention on the U.S. Family Smoking Prevention And Tobacco Control Act of 2009 and Final Rule. It is need to integrate and centralize of tobacco safety administration and smoking prevention for the national health promotion.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.27
• /
• pp.153-179
• /
• 1995

• Safe Food
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.3-8
• /
• 2012

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.26 no.7
• /
• pp.526-531
• /
• 2003

KR-31378 is a new drug candidate intended for the use in the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion damage. The objective of this preformulation study was to determine the physicochemical properties of KR-31378. The n-octanol to water partition coefficients of KR-31378 were 0.0504 at pH 3 and 0.8874 at pH 10. Accelerated stability of KR-31378 in solution and solid state was studied at 5, 40, $60^{\circ}C$. The stability testing indicated that the t90 for the drug in solid was estimated to be 2 years and 128.6 days at $25^{\circ}C$, while the that in aquesou solution was 68.6 days at $25^{\circ}C$. The KR-31378 was also found to be unstable under the relative humidity of 76%, probably because of the hygroscopic nature of the drug. In order to study compatibility of KR-31378 with typical excipients, potential change in differential scanning calorimetry spectrum was studied in 1:1 binary mixtures of KR-31378 and Aerosil, Avicel, Eudragit, lactose, PEG, talc, CMC, PVP, starch. As a result, CMC, PVP, and starch were found to be incompatible with KR-31378, indicating the addition of these excipients may complicate the manufacturing of the formulation for the drug. Particle size distribution of KR-31378 powder was in the size range of 9-93 $\mu$ m with the mean particle size of 37.9 $\mu$ m. The flowability of KR-31378 was apparently inadequate, indicating the granulation may be necessary for the processing of the drug to solid dosage forms. Crystallization of the drug with a number of organic solvents did not lead a crystalline polymorphism. In addition, dissolution of the drug from the powder was adequately rapid at $37^{\circ}C$ in water.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was attempted to find out the actual conditions of drug education among the elementary school teachers. Method: 468 teachers consists of nurse-teachers 175, class-room teachers 240 and athletics teachers 53 of the elementary schools in Pusan city were subjected for this study. The period was December 23th through December 28th, 2002 and collected data was analyzed by SPSSWIN program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and ANOVA. Result: The results of this study were as follows: 1. The average point of nurse-teachers performance(2.11) was higher than that of class-room teachers(1.37) and athletic teachers(1.56). 2. Practical difficulties of drug education was no system in the curriculum for nurse-teachers(22.9％), insufficient expert knowledge for class-room teachers(26.3％) and a lack of education materials for athletics teachers(37.7％). For more effective drug education, 25.7％ of nurse-teachers hope to have more organized curriculum presentations, class-room teachers(24％) and athletics teachers(22.7％) hope that more various education materials will be developed. Conclusion: Based on this results, drug education contents is needed to supplement a drug use prevention program.