• 제목/요약/키워드: Drug Classification

검색결과 214건 처리시간 0.024초

Study on the Korean wild ginseng(SANSAM) in cosmetics

  • Lee, C. W.;Lee, K. W.;K. K. Bae;Kim, C. H.
    • 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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    • pp.26-31
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    • 2003
  • Korean Ginseng is a medicinal herb which grows naturally in korea. an ancient country situated in north-eastern Asia. Its medical use was already well known to herb doctors in this region about five thousand years ago since the effectiveness of korean ginseng has been recognized through practical use for a long time. Korean Ginseng has always been regarded as a devine cure. The name "Ginseng" can be found in various medicinal books. many of which were written as early as B.C. 100. In the records of many chinese medical books. dating from the inception of publishing, it was noted that Korean Ginseng was of the highest level of quality. Korean Ginseng originally grew in the mountains of korea. However, this wild Korean Ginseng(js called SANSAM) could not meet the ever-increasing demands. and from the 16th century. it has been cultivated on farms for mass processing and supplying in korea(js called INSAM). It was already recognized in korea a long time ago(B.C. 57 - A.D. 668) that Korean Ginseng possessed the qualities of panacea, tonic and rejuvenator, and had other medicinal properties as well. The effectiveness of Korean Ginseng is widely recognized among south-eastern Asians as well as Chinese. As its effect has been proved scientifically. Korean Ginseng is now becoming the ginseng for all human beings in the world. Korean ginseng is differently called according to processing method. Dried thing is Insam(white ginseng), boiled or steamed is Hongsam(red ginseng). 장뇌삼(long headed ginseng) is artificially grown in the mountain no in field for a long time. So the body is thin and some long. but ingredients are concentrated. Korean wild ginseng(SANSAM) is rare in these days but we developed cosmetic ingredient. The scientific name of Korean Ginseng is Panax Ginseng. It has acknowledge as a natural mysterious cure among the notheastern peoples. because of its broad medicinal application. The origin of the word" Panax" derived from panacea. a Greek word meaning cure-all. According to the classification method of herb medicines in the Chinese medicinal book. "God-Farmer Materia Medica(A.D. 483-496) korean Ginseng was described as the superlative drug: panacea. tonic and rejuvenator. We studied skin immunological effect. collagen synthesis. cell growth and whitening effect of SANSAM extract. IN cosmetics.. SANSAM extract had skin fibroblast cell growth effect. recover damaged skin in the sun and protect fine wrinkle. Also. In hair product.. inhibits hairless, white hair.its hairless, white hair.

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국내 인·허가 온열의료기기 기술 현황 조사 및 분석 (The Current State of Intended Equipment for Heating in Medical Use Based on Domestic Licensed Medical Devices)

  • 임수란;박정환;박지연;김송이
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.156-168
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    • 2023
  • Objectives : This study aimed to determine the status of thermal stimulation devices approved in Korea for medical applications over the past 10 years, and based on this, to obtain insight for future thermal treatment in Korean medical institutions. Methods : We searched the item classification list entitled "Regulations on Medical Device Items and Rating by Item" from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Notice No. 2021-24, 2021 (Enforced March 19, 2021; www.mfds.go.kr) for individually licensed heaters using the terms "heat" and "heating". Results : We identified 17 items of thermal stimulation product group, of which 1,308 devices were licensed by February 4, 2022, and 53.2% of them (n=696) were devices with valid permits for distribution in Korea. Among the licensed devices, heating pad systems under/overlay (electric, home use) were approved the most, but combinational stimulator (for medical use, home use; Grade 2) accounted for the highest percentage among the current valid permission. Moxibustion apparatuses were licensed separately for electrical use and non-electrical use, and occupied a low percentage of the total devices. We analyzed 307 devices that were accompanied by technical documents and found that the heat sources were wires in 145 (47.2%), infrared rays in 44 (14.3%) and ultrasonic waves in 42 (13.7%) devices. Most (83.1%) devices were used for pain relief, while other applications included beauty, cancer treatment, maintenance of infant body temperature, and healing fractures. Conclusions : Thermal stimulation devices accounted for about 0.9% of all medical devices, and among them, combinational stimulators and heating pad systems under/overlay had the most valid permits. Thermal stimulation devices using heating wires and infrared rays were the most prevalent, and most were used to relieve pain. In order to develop a range of thermal stimulation devices that can be utilized in Korean medical institutions, it is imperative that they have potential applications beyond pain management, addressing various medical purposes. To achieve this, foundational research is necessary to effectively apply diverse heat sources based on medical objectives.

일부 농촌지역의 일차의료이용실태와 그 관련요인에 관한 연구 (A Study on Status of Utilization and The Related Factors of Primary Medical Care in a Rural Area)

  • 위자형
    • 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.157-168
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    • 1995
  • This study was carried out, through analyzing the annual reports(year of 1973-1993) on health status of Su Dong-Myun, and specific survey data of 332 households(Su Dong-Myun 209, Byul Nae-Myun 123), located in Nam Yang Ju-Si, Kyung Gi-Do, from July 20 to July 31, 1995, to find out more effective means for primary medical care in a rural area. The results were as fellows : 1. Number of population in Su Dong-Myun was 5,419 in 1973, 4,591(the lowest) in 1987 and 5,707 in 1995. In the composition rate of population, "0-14" of age group showed markedly decreasing tendency from 43.1% in 1975, to 19.1% in 1995, however "65 and over" markedly in creasing tendency form 5.3% in 1975 to 9.8% in 1995. 2. Annual utilization rate per 1,000 inhabitants in Su Dong-Myun showed markedly increasing tendency from 1973 to 1977 such as 343 in 1973, 540 in 1975, 900 in 1977. However, since 1979, the rate showed rapidly decreasing tendency, such as 846 in 1979, 519 in 1985, 190 in 1991 and 1993. 3. The morbid household rate per year was 53.6% of respondents and the rate per 15 days was 48.2%. In disease classification rate of morbid household per year, Arthralgia & Neuralgia was the highest rate(33.9%) and gastro-intestinal disorder(19.3%), Cough(11,9%), Hypertension(7.8%), Accident(3.2%) in next order. 4. In the utilizing facilities for Primary Medical Care, Medical facilities was showed the highest rate(58.1% of respondents) and Pharmacy and Drug Shp(33.1%), Tradition Method(4.0%) in next order. In the Medical facilities, General private clinic was showed the highest rate(34.3%) and specific private Clinic(22.3%), Hospital(19.0%), Health (Sub)center(16.3%), Nurse practitioner (3.3%), Oriental hospital and clinic(2.7%) in next order. 5. Experience rate, utilizing health subcenter was 51.8% of the respondents, and it was 55.0% in Su Dong-Myun and 46.3% in Byul Nae-Myun. In utilization times of health subcenter, times-rate showed next orders such as 1-2 times/6months(31.6%), 1-2 times/year (22.1%), 1-2 times/months(19.2%), 1-2 times/3months(15.6%). 6. In objectives, visiting Health Subcenter, Medical Care was the highest rate(59.8% of the respondents) and health control(23.3%) was in next order. In Medical Care, Primary Care by general physician was higher rate(51.1%) almost all. In the Health control, Immunization too was high rate(18.0%) in health control activities. 7. The reasons rate, utilizing health subcenter showed next order, such as distance to Medical facilities(33.0% of the respondents), Medical Cost(28.1%), Simple process of consultation (10.8%), Effectiveness of cure(7.6%), Function of primary medical care(7.0%) and Attitude of physician(6.5%). 8. In the affecting factors to utilization of primary medical facilities, medical needs was showed the highest rate(29.5% of the respondents) and medical cost(15.4%), distance to medical facilities(14.2%), traffic vehicle(14.2%) and farm work(6.9%) in next order. 9. In the priority between 'daily farm work,' and 'primary medical care', only 46.4% of respondents answered that primary health care is more important than the daily farm work The 22.6% of respondents answered 'daily farm work', and the 12.3% answered 'the equal of the both'. 10. In the criterion of medical facilities choice, medical knowledge and technical quality was showed the highest rate(56.3%), distance or time to medical facilities(10.9%), sincerity and kindness of physician(9.4%), medical cost(8.7%) and traffic vehicle(6.5%) in next order 11. In the advise for improvement of health subcenter function, the 36.1% of respondents answered that 'enforcement of medical personnel and equipment' was required, and then 'improved medical technology'(25.5%), 'good attitude of physician'(14.9%), 'improved medical system'(13.3%), 'enforced drug'(6.7%) in next order. 12. The study on affecting factors to utilization of primary medical facilities was very difficult subject to systematize the analyzed results, due to a prejudice of protocol planner, surveyer and respondent, and variety and overlapping of subject matter.

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ICNP를 적용한 학교간호현상 및 특성과 초.중.고등학교의 학교간호현상 비교 (Comparison of School Nursing Phenomena at Elementary, Middle and High Schools by Applying ICNP)

  • 김영임;왕명자;양순옥;현혜진;박은옥
    • 한국학교보건학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2004
  • Purpose : this study purposed to investigate school nursing phenomena in Korea by applying ICNP, the international standard nursing classification system developed by ICN, and to compare school nursing phenomena at elementary, middle and high schools. Method : The subjects of this study are 110 nursing teachers from 82 elementary schools, 16 middle schools, and 12 high schools. In the survey, subjects were asked to score the degree to which phenomena and characteristics of Korean school nursing, identified in previous research, on a 5 point scale. Questionnaires were distributed and recovered by mail and email. The period of data collection was 6 months from July to December 2003. The general characteristics of schools and nursing teachers were represented with frequencies and percentages, the phenomena and characteristics of school nursing with the mean score of the questions, and the phenomena school nursing by school grade with ANOVA and Duncan's posterior analysis. Results : 1) As for the characteristics of schools according to school nursing phenomena related to human behavior, the mean score of questions on inadequate stress management was highest at 3.24 points followed by the score on inadequate weight control (3.23), inadequate eating habits (3.22), the risk of spine disorders (2.68), inadequate emergency management (2.62), inadequate response to sex -related problems (2.19), and smoking and drug use (1.85). 2) As for the characteristics of schools according to school nursing phenomena related to human function, the mean score of questions on oral health management was highest at 3.11 points followed by the score on the risk of digestive system disorder (2.87), improper eyesight management (2.81), the risk of respiratory system disorders (2.75), lack of sexual identity (2.52), and inadequate contagious disease control (2.12). 3) As for the mean score according to school nursing phenomena related to environment, the score of the risk of accidents in classroom was highest as 2.68 points followed by the score of the risk of accidents around the school (2.65), maladjustment to school (2.62), the risk of accidents outside the classroom (2.43), inadequate learning environment (1.83), the risk of exposure to socially and physically harmful environment factors (1.82), and inadequate waste disposal (1.77). 4) This study tested the mean scores of questions corresponding to each school nursing phenomenon in order to see if there is a difference in the school nursing phenomenon among elementary, middle and high schools, and performed Duncan's posterior comparison for school nursing phenomena. A significant difference was found at p<.1. According to the results, school nursing phenomena found to be significantly different among elementary, middle and high schools was smoking and drug use (p<.05), which appeared more problematic in high school than in elementary school. phenomena such as inadequate eating habits, inadequate weight control, inadequate response to sex-related problems and inadequate waste disposal were also found to be statistically different at p<.1; however, according to the result of Duncan's posterior comparison, no difference was found among groups in improper eating habits and improper response to sex-related problems, and a significant difference was found between middle and high schools in inadequate weight control and inadequate waste disposal. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to plan school health projects focused on the characteristic school nursing phenomena that had high scores and to develop and execute school healthe projects in accordance with the characteristics of elementary, middle and high schools. Considering that the scores of school nursing phenomena related to human behavior are high, it is necessary to introduce school health promotion projects in a systematic way.

서울 시내 설사환자에서 분리한 살모넬라의 항생제 감수성의 년도별 변화 추이 (Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmonella spp. Isolated From Diarrhoea Patients in Seoul From 1996 to 2001)

  • 박석기;박성규;정지헌;진영희
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.61-70
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    • 2002
  • 1996년부터 2001년까지 서울시내 환자에서 분리된 718주의 살모넬라속균의 균종별 분포 및 항생제 감수성을 조사한 결과 균종별 분포는 Sal. Enteritidis 가 298주(41.5%)로 가장 많이 분리되었으며, Sal. Typhi 218주(30.4%), Sal. Typhimurium 81주(12.1%)이었으며, 총 48종의 살모넬라균종이 분리되었다 살모넬라속균 718주의 16종 항생제에 대한 내성은 tetracycline (Te)에 대한 내성이 32.7%로 가장 높았으며, streptomycin(5) 28.0%, ticarcillin(TIC) 18.1%, ampicillin(AM) 12.4%순이었다. Sal. Enteritidis의 내성은 Te 34.7%, 5 32.3%, TIC 23.2%, AM 13.5%이었으며, Sal. Typhi는 S 13.8%, Te 10.6%이었으며, Sal. Typhimurium은 Te 66.7%, 5 42.5%, TIC 28.7%, AM 26.4%, C 17.2%이었다. 살모넬라속균 718주 중 324주(45.1%)가 1종 이상의 항생제에 내성을 나타내었으며, 단일항생제에 내성을 나타낸 균주가 64주(19.8%), 2제 내성균이 132주(40.7%), 3제 내성균이 50주(15.4%), 4제 내성균이 27주 (8.3%), 5제 내성균 27주(8.35), 6제 내성균 22주(6.8%), 7제 및 8제 내성균이 각각 1주이었다. 다제 내성 양상은 Te-K내성균이 115주(35.5%)로 가장 많았으며, Te-K-TIC내성균 27주(8.3%), Te-K-TIC-AM내성균 24주(7.4%)이었다 항생제 내성율은 Sal. Typhimurium이 73.6V로 가장 높았으며, Sal. Enteritidis 53.7%, Sal. Typhi 19.3%이었으며, Sal. Enteritidis는 단제 및 2제 내성율이 높은 반면, Sal. Typhi과 Sal. Typhimurium은 5제 이상 내성율이 각각 16.7%, 26.6%이었다.

폐렴구균에 의한 지역사회 획득 폐렴에서 페니실린 내성률과 내성에 따른 임상경과에 관한 연구 (Prevalence and Clinical Outcome of Penicillin-resistant Pneumococcal Pneumonia)

  • 홍지현;이형석;정승현;김규원;엄광석;이재명;장승훈;김동규;현인규;이명구;박용범;정기석;이영경
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제54권3호
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    • pp.295-303
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    • 2003
  • 연구배경 : 국내에서 검출된 폐렴구균의 페니실린 내성률은 약 70%로 알려져 있고, 특히 고도 내성률은 33%로 매우 높은 것으로 알려져 왔다. 내성 균주에 대한 경험적 항생제가 실패할 수 있다는 보고가 있었으나, 내성 여부가 사망률과 무관하다는 반론들도 적지 않았다. 이에 저자들은 폐렴구균에 의한 지역사회획득폐렴에서 페니실린 내성률을 조사하였고, 페니실린에 대한 내성이 치료 실패와 직접적인 연관이 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1999년 7월부터 2001년 5월까지 한림대학교 성심병원에 내원한 지역사회 획득 폐렴 환자 중 객담 및 혈액 배양검사를 통해 폐렴구균에 의한 폐렴으로 진단된 42명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 배양된 폐렴구균에 대해 E-test를 시행하여 MIC에 따라 감수성, 중등도 내성, 고도 내성으로 분류하여 내성률을 조사하였고, 각 군별로 내성여부에 따른 임상경과를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 폐렴구균에 의한 폐렴으로 진단된 42명의 환자 중 페니실린 감수성 균주($MIC{\leq}0.06{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)는 14예(33.3%), 중등도 내성 균주(MIC $0.1-1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)는 22예(52.4%), 고도 내성($MIC{\geq}2.0{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) 균주는 6예(14.3%)였다. 경험적 항생제 치료에 대해 감수성 균주에 의한 폐렴 군과 내성 균주에 의한 폐렴 군간에 임상경과는 차이가 없었다. 폐렴구균에 의한 폐렴에서 페니실린에 대한 내성률은 66.7%로 현재까지의 보고와 큰 차이가 없으나 고도내성의 경우 약 33%로 알려진 것에 비해 저자들의 연구에서는 14.3%로 낮게 조사되었다. DRSPTWG의 분류에 따른 내성률은 26.2%에 불과했으며, 고도내성에 해당하는 균주는 없었다. 결 론 : 이와 같은 결과는 폐렴구균에 의한 폐렴의 내성을 정의하는 현재의 기준이 지나치게 낮아 항생제 내성이 높게 나타났기 때문으로 사료되며 기존의 기준에 의한 내성은 경험적 항생제 치료의 예후에 별다른 영향을 주지 못하는 것으로 확인되었다.

일부(一部) 벽지농촌(僻地農村) 학동(學童)들의 건강실태(健康實態) (Health Status of Primary School Children in a Part of Remote Rural Area)

  • 박원길
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.211-222
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    • 1974
  • The survey was carried out on 1,031 primary school children for about 1 month, from June 1, to June 30, 1974, for the purose of understanding indirectly scio-medical status of a remote rural area, reflecting health status of primary school children. The summarized results were as follows: 1) The average age of surveyed children according to school year by sex was older in girls than in boys. The entrance in school at suitable age was peaked as 80.9% in boys of 5th school year and 72.4% in girls of 3rd school year, and also sunk 68.8% in boys of 2nd school year and 58.7% in girls of 1st school year. 2) Prevalence rate according to W.H.O. diseases classification during last a month and a year. a) During last month: The diseases of respiratory system remarked the highest 101.1 in boys and 116.6 in girls. The next were diseases of digestive system (24.2 in boys and 32.1 in girls), The girls were higher than boys in prevalence rate. b) During last year: The diseases of diegestive system ranked the highest 133.0 in boys and next, the diseases of respiratory system (108.6 in boys). c) Present illness: Number of code III ranked the highest 129.2 and next XII(127.3) in boys but inverted in girls such as XII(144.9) and III(116.7) and also, Number of code XVII was prevalenced twice in boys than in girls. d) Chief complaints by sex: Abdominal pain ranked the highest 71.2 per 1,000 population and next headache (34.7) in boys but headache ranked the heighest 88.5 and next abdominal pain (63.3) in girls. e) Water drinking habit: Number of code IX was higher in habit of raw water drinker than in habit of boiled water drinker and healthy children were higher in boiled water habit group than in raw water habit group. The diseases of respiratory system were the highest 124.74 in girls and next, the diseases of digestive system (52.3 in girls). According to school year, healthy children were increased to higher grades. 3) Average sick day per total surveyed children and patient during last month and last year. a) Per surveyed 1,031 children was 0.28 days during last month and 0.98 days during last year. And also per patient was 1.78 days during last month and 3.22 days during last year. b) Average sick day was higher in girls than in boys during last month, but inverted during last year. 4) Average absented day per total surveyed children and patient during last month and last year. a) Per surveyed 1,031 children were 0.43 days during last month and 3.81 days during last year (omitted 1st school year). b) Per absented children were 2.0 days during last month and 7.10 days during last year. c) Per absented children were 8.16 days in boys and 3.17 days in girls. 5) Utilization of medical facilities: The drug-store was consulted 91.2% of the total utilized boys and girls. The strengthening of medical facilities and medical care activities in health subcenter is urgently required 6) Medical Expenses by period and sex: a) Average medical expenses per surveyed 1,031 children were 35.95 won, per patient were 298.04 won during last month. b) Average medical expenses per survey children (omitted 1st school year) were 80.56 won, per patient were 243.98 won and per treated patient were 318.87 won during last year. c) Medical expenses were higher in boys than in girls. 7) Rohrer index by sex, present illness and school year. a) Average Rohrer index was 129.8 in boys and 126.2 in girls. b) Average Rohrer index was increased for 1st school year to 2nd school year and thereafter falling down step by step by school year. c) Under 151-160 Rohrer index number of code III was the highest and above 151-160 Rohrer index of code XII was peaked.

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특수건강진단에서 발견된 고혈압 및 간질환 유소견자의 건강관리 실태에 관한 조사 (A Study on the Status of Seeking Intervention among the Workers with Health Problems Identified by the Workers' Periodic Health Examination)

  • 정해관;김정순;문옥륜;임현술
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.343-356
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    • 1992
  • Authors studied the workers' knowledge about the health problems detected through the previous workers' periodic health examination, content of follow-up management ana actions taken for their health problem detected on previous health examination. From June to September 1992, workers' periodic health examination was peformed on workers employed in 10 companies located in 2 middle-sized Korean cities. A questionnaire survey was done far 150 workers who reported to have $D_2$ result of either hypertension or liver disorder at the previous workers' periodic health examination done in 1991. The results are as follows; 1. Of 160 workers who had $D_2$ result of either hypertension or liver disorder in previous examination one year before, only 85 workers(51.3%, 43 workers with hypertension, 38 workers with live disorder) responded that they have such disorders. The other 65 workers responded to questionnaire were all those with C results. Respondents' knowledge about their diagnoses was relatively precise (95.2% in hypertension group, 94.6% in liver disorder group) but knowledge about classification of diseases was poor. 2. The main efforts to solve the health problem nab self management (20 spells, 55.3%), visiting clinic or hospital(6 spells, 12.8%), use of herb medicine (2 spells, 4.3%) and use of drug store(2 spells, 4.3%) in hypertension group. In liver disorder group, 30 spells (71.4%) relied on self management,6 spells (14.3%) on hospital or clinic and 9 spells (21.4%) had no effort to improve the health problem. Content of self management was low salt diet, quit smoking, regular exercise and quit alcohol drinking in order. Avoidance of salt in diet was high in hypertension group and quitting alcohol drinking was high in liver disorder group. In those with self management, 80.7% of hypertension group and 83.3% of liver disorder group continued previous effort. Those, however, who utilized clinic or hospital, only 16.7% and 50.0% were still visiting hospital or clinic. 3. Fifty seven percent of hypertension group and 64.3% of liver disorder group was presently smoking,8.5% and 11.9% reduced smoking and 21.3% and 14.3% stopped smoking. Forty nine percent of hypertension group and 28.6% of liver disorder group was presently drinking. Reduced alcohol intake was reported in 29.8% and 40.5%, 12.8ole and 23.8% stopped alcohol drinking. Sixty six percent of hypertension group and 73.8% of liver disorder group did no regular exercise, but 12.8% and 11.9% of each group increased their physical exercise far last one year. Forty three percent of hypertension group and 38.l% of liver disorder group was overweight (defined by bodymass index greater or equal than 25). Reduced body Weight was reported in 17.2% and 16.7% of each group. Reduced dietary salt intake was high in hypertension group (51.5%). The study results suggest that follow-up management after workers' periodic health examination is not satisfactory. In order to improve this situation, adequate information on the result of the workers' periodic health examination should be distributed to each worker group with health education and counselling.

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심장이식 환자의 임상적 고찰 (Heart Transplantation: the Seiong General Hospital Experience)

  • 박국양;박철현
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.606-613
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    • 1996
  • 심장이식이 1967년에 최초로 시행된이후 말기심부전환자의 치료법으로 자리매김되고 있으며 한국에 서도 1992년에 첫 시술된이후 1995년 9월 현재까지 42례 시행되 었다. 본원에서는 1994년 4 월부터 1995 년 9월까지 심장이식 14례를 시행하여 비록 짧은 기간이지만 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었기에 보고한다. 남녀성비는 12 : 2로 남자가 많았고 수혜자연령은 11세 에서 54세 (평균 )4세), 공여자 연령은 16세에서 50 세 (평균 28.4세)이었다. 이식허혈시간은 80에서 280분으로 평균 120.7분이 었다. 이식후 관찰기간은 3에 서 17개월로 평균 11개월이었다. 수혜자 진단으로는 확장성심근증이 10례, 허 혈성심근증이 2례,판막성 심근증이 1례,복잡심기 형이 1례였다. 수혜자의 술전 상태로 UWOS분류11 따르면 class I이 7 명 (50 %), class ll가 7명 (50%1였으며, NYHA 기능상분류상 class IV가 9명이 었다. 모든 환자는 cyclosporine, azathioprine,steroid를 병용하였으며, 초기 에 RATG를 투여하였다. 술후 세 포성 거부반응은 3명의 환자에서 5회 발생하였고,술후 감염으로 폐 진균증이 2례,대상포진이 1례,거대 세포바이러스성 폐렴이 1례였다. 1례에서 영구\ulcorner 심박동기를 삽입하였다. 술전에 19.9$\pm$3.4%의 ejection fraction은 술후에 69.0$\pm$5.6%로 증가 되었고, 술후 생존한 9례에서 NYHA 기능상분류 I이 7례, ll가 2례 였다. 술후 사망은 5례로, 원인별로는 세포성 거부반응 1례, 크기불일치 에 의한 만성 이식부전증이 1례, 천식 발작에 의한 호흡부전이 1례, 지주막하출혈 1례, 체액 성 거부반응이 의심되는 경우가 1례 였다. 이상의 단기간성적을 통해 심장이식분야에서 더욱 발전을 요하며, 특히 이식공여자 및 수혜자의 선택 이나 술후 감염관리 및 체 액성거부반응치료 등에서 더욱 진전이 있어야 하겠다.

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기면병에서 전산화 뇌파 지도화 기법으로 측정한 뇌파 동시성 시성 변화 (Changes of EEG Coherence in Narcolepsy Measured with Computerized EEG Mapping Technique)

  • 박두흠;권준수;정도언
    • 수면정신생리
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.121-128
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    • 2001
  • 목 적 : 국제수면장애분류(1990) 진단기준, 야간수면다원검사 및 입면잠복기반복검사로 진단된 기면병 환자군에서 각성시 정량화뇌파 소견을 측정하여 그 특성을 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 약물을 복용하지 않은 8명의 기면병 환자군과 성별과 연령이 짝지어진 8명의 정상 대조군의 각성시 뇌파를 측정하여 비교분석하였다. 뇌파는 국제 10/20 체계에 근거하여 측정하였으며, 측정된 뇌파 중 아티팩트(artifact)가 없는 2.5초간의 이포크(epoch)를 24개 선정하여 푸리에 변환(Fourier transformation, FFT)을 한 후 스펙트럼 분석을 시행하였다. 정량화 뇌파의 각주파수 영역(delta, theta, alpha, beta)에서 측정한 절대력(absolute power), 상대력(relative power), 비대칭도(asymmetry), 동시성(coherence) 및 평균 주파수(mean frequency)를 기면병 환자군과 정상대조군 간에 비교분석하였다. 결 과 : 정상 대조군과 비교하여 기면병 환자군에서 나타난 특징적 소견은 다음과 같았다. 1) 알파 주파수 영역의 후두엽 부위($O_1/O_2$), 두정엽 부위($P_3/P_4$), 측두엽 부위($T_5/T_6$)와 베타 주파수 영역의 후두엽 부위($O_1/O_2$)에서 단극성 양반구간 동시성이 감소하였다. 알파 주파수 영역의 좌반구 부위($T_3/T_5$, $C_3/P_3$, $F_3/O_1$)에서 단극성 반구내 동시성이 감소하였다. 2) 델타 주파수 영역의 후두엽 부위($O_1/O_2$)에서 단극성 양반구간 비대칭도가 감소하였다. 3) 베타 주파수 영역의 후두엽 부위($O_2,\;O_z$)에서 단극성 절대력이 감소하였다. 결 론 : 기면병 환자군에서 나타난 동시성의 변화는 각성 상태에서 정상 대조군에 비해 후반 부위의 양반구간 기능적 신경연결과 좌측 반구내 기능적 신경연결이 감소되어 있을 가능성을 시사한다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과는 기면병의 병태생리는 렘수면 유발/정지 세포(REM-on/off cells)가 있는 뇌교와 같은 뇌의 일정 부위만 단순하게 관계하는 것이 아니라 대뇌피질, 피질하 부위 및 뇌간 등 뇌의 여러 부위가 복잡하게 관계할 가능성이 있다는 것을 제시한다.

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