• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.539-548
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the perception of monosodium glutamate (MSG) contents in eating out menu and MSG symptom complex. Respondents in the Seoul area were surveyed from Feb. 10 to 20, 2014. The results are summarized as follows. The 51.3% of respondents were male and 48.7% of them were female. As for age, 73.5% of respondents were 20~24 years old. Favorite menu of respondents' eating out were Korean food (57.8%), Western food (17.6%), Fast food (9.5%), Japanese food (6.2%), Chinese food (5.2%). Male respondents favored Korean food (62.4%), Fast food (10.2%) and Western food (9.6%), but female respondents favored Korean food (53.0%), Western food (26.2%) and Fast food (8.7%). The 48.7% of respondents considered Chinese food containing high amount of MSG. A few respondents (18.6%) recognized to usage amount of MSG as consideration factor to select eating out menu. However, most respondents (55.2%) perceived harmful to take excessive amount of MSG contained food. The 37.9% of respondents had experience of MSG symptom complex after eating out. Respondents' self recognized MSG symptom complex were thirstiness (84.5%), drowsiness (55.7%), weakness (34.5%), nausea (30.2%), tightness (20.7%) and headache (14.7%). The 19.9% of respondents like MSG contained food. The reason for disliking MSG contained food were 'bad for health' (66.3%) and 'MSG symptom' (33.2%). The reason for liking MSG contained food were 'good taste (83.6%) and 'habitual eating' (14.8%). The result of this study showed that some sensitive people have unpleasant reaction after eating out. Therefore, it is suggested that natural flavor enhancer may develop to replace the use of MSG.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2003

Fowl typhoid is a septicemic disease of turkeys and chickens. The antigen is Salmonella(S) gallinarum, which cross-reacts with S pullorum because of common antigen. The organism is maintained in the ovary of carrier birds and transmitted vertically in the york. It is also transmitted horizontally through feces and broken eggs. The symptoms are weakness, drowsiness, wing drooping, hyperexcitability, paresis and diarrhea. In the many cases, the birds are found dead in the morning before any symptoms have been noticed. this experiment was carried out to investigate the characteristics of S gallanarum and scrutinized about the control systems. 1. Fowl typhoid was came about in the winter than the other seasons. The average of mortality was 46.3%. And it was came about not only adult poultry but also chicks. 2. S gallinarum was isolated from liver and spleen in infected chickens. Total isolated strains were 60. 3. The organisms were all extinct at 60$^{\circ}C$, 30mins. 4. A survival rate was higher in underground water than a secondary distilled water. It was detected in underground water until 30 days. 5. When being exposed to the solar light, it became extinct almost within 24 hours. 6. It was survived in a refrigerator until 12 months. 7. It was extinct among 5 mins in 0.1% phenol and 2% formalin. 8. When the cultured organism fluid was inoculated in SD-rat abdominal cavity, rat died within 24 hours. 9. Pullorum-typhoid related program must disciplines in order to destroy the fowl typhoid, and breeding system must be converted to cage system.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.4-10
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• 2015

Etifoxine (etafenoxine, $Stresam^{(R)}$) is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic with an anticonvulsant effect. It was developed in the 1960s for anxiety disorders and is currently being studied for its ability to promote peripheral nerve healing and to treat chemotherapy-induced pain. In addition to being mediated by $GABA_A{\alpha}2$ receptors like benzodiazepines, etifoxine appears to produce anxiolytic effects directly by binding to ${\beta}2$ or ${\beta}3$ subunits of the $GABA_A$ receptor complex. It also modulates $GABA_A$ receptors indirectly via stimulation of neurosteroid production after etifoxine binds to the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) of the outer mitochondrial membrane in the central and peripheral nervous systems, previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). Therefore, the effects of etifoxine are not completely reversed by the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil. Etifoxine is used for various emotional and bodily reactions followed by anxiety. It is contraindicated in situations such as shock, severely impaired liver or kidney function, and severe respiratory failure. The average dosage is 150 mg per day for no more than 12 weeks. The most common adverse effect is drowsiness at the initial stage. It does not usually cause any withdrawal syndromes. In conclusion, etifoxine shows less adverse effects of anterograde amnesia, sedation, impaired psychomotor performance, and withdrawal syndromes than those of benzodiazepines. It potentiates $GABA_A$ receptor-function by a direct allosteric effect and by an indirect mechanism involving the activation of TSPO. It seems promising that non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics including etifoxine will replenish shortcomings of benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors according to animated studies related to TSPO.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권7C호
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• pp.565-575
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• 2012

현대인의 생활에 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 자동차에도 스마트 기능의 탑재가 요구되는 실정에서 여러 가지 스마트 기기 및 스마트 방법에 대한 개발이 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 스마트 자동차 중에서도 안전관리 시스템의 주요 핵심 사항인 음주 및 졸음 제어를 위한 시스템 개발의 일환으로, 음주를 하게 될 경우 자동차의 시동이 자동으로 걸리지 않도록 하는 시스템을 개발하고자 한다. 이를 위해 영상처리를 통해 운전석의 운전자의 안면 색을 분석하여 음주 여부를 확인하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 특히 본 논문에서 개발한 음주 여부 판단 시스템은 음주를 하기 전의 얼굴 영상을 필요로 하지 않고 오로지 음주 후에만 독특하게 나타나는 얼굴의 색상 변화만을 대상으로 음주 여부를 판단 할 수 있는 방법인고로 실제 음주제어를 중심으로 한 스마트 자동차 안전 제어 시스템에 효과적으로 적용가능하리라 여겨진다. 실험은 30명을 대상으로 행해졌으며 이들을 대상으로 음주 후에 나타나는 얼굴색의 변화를 분석하였다. 끝으로 실험을 통해 도출된 결과의 통계적 유의성을 분석하고 제안한 방법의 유용성을 입증하고자 한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.491-498
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 졸음운전 방지를 위한 방법으로 기존의 3단계 경고음법과 fuzzy logic을 이용한 가성도 측정 및 제어법을 시뮬레이션으로 비교 및 분석하였다. 각성상태를 제어하는 방법으로 사용되었던 기존의 각성제어지표는 실 차에는 사용될 경우 효과적이지 못하므로 각성상태에 따른 영역별 Nz와 IRI의 상관분포도를 분석하여 기존의 각성제어지표를 수정하였다. Fuzzy 추론으로는 Sugeno의 방법을 사용하였고 멤버쉽함수와 제어규칙 베이스는 수정된 각성제어지표로부터 결정하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 60이하의 IRI가 발생되는 경우, Nz의 변화에 따라 두 제어방법 모두 small, medium, big의 경고음이 발생되었으나 3단계 경고음법은 다음 단계의 발생영역이 될 때까지 같은 출력만을 발생한다. 그러나 퍼지추론의 출력은 피검자의 각성수준의 변화에 잘 추종하여 변화되었으므로 3단계 경고음법의 문제점을 해겨할 수 있었고 더욱이 퍼지 추론의 출력과 Nz와의 상관계수(r=0.99)가 매우 높았으므로, 실제 운전시 퍼지추론 방법을 이용한 각성도 평가 및 제어에 적용할 경우 3단계 경고음법 보다 효과적일 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.38-47
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• 2001

L-theanine is a unique amino acid, found almost solely in tea plants. It is the main component responsible for the exotic taste of green tea. In our studies of L-theanine, we have found a variety of biological activities including relaxation and the alleviation of PMS. In general, animals generate very weak electric pulses on the surface of the brain, called brain waves. Brain waves are classified into four types, namely $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\delta$ and $\theta$-waves, based on their frequency. Brain waves correlate with individual mental conditions. For example, generation of $\alpha$-waves is considered an index of relaxation. In human volunteers, $\alpha$-waves were generated on the occipital and parietal regions of the brain surface within 40 minutes after the oral administration of 50 or 200 mg Suntheanine$^{TM}$ without causing drowsiness. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a symptom unique to women which appears in the luteal phase from the ovulation period through the first day of menstruation. It possesses characteristics of having a peak just prior to menstruation and disappearing 1 - 2 days following the start of menstruation. Symptoms of PMS are generally categorized as mental, physical and social symptoms. When comparing the reported Symptoms of PMS by the methods of MDQ score, the Suntheanine$^{TM}$ group was found to have a lower incidence of PMS symptoms, including physical, mental and social symptoms. Overall, a significant alleviation of PMS symptoms by the administration of 200 mg Suntheanine$^{TM}$ was observed. With the successful industrial production of L-theanine, we are now able to supply Suntheanine$^{TM}$, offering a tremendous opportunity for designing functional foods targeting relaxation and the alleviation of PMS.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2011

Misinformation and inappropriate use of medication has become one of the most pressing concerns in drug safety. The purpose of this study was to survey public perception on drug safety as well as the channels most relied upon providing such information. The survey was performed for patients or their families visiting pharmacies in a local city in Korea. Analysis was performed from 367 respondents to the survey. The contents of this survey revealed that consumers were aware of the fact that medications should not be taken at any higher dosage or more often than directed by their prescriptions. The survey revealed a general awareness that symptoms might not be relieved immediately by their medications. However, the perception that there could be adverse drug reaction (ADR) at therapeutic dose was low except among the young or highly educated members. Respondents recognized that skin rashes were the most whereas drowsiness was the least common ADR symptom. There was a high awareness of drug-food or drug-drug interactions except in the case of certain nutraceuticals. Doctors and pharmacists were ranked as the most reliable resources to the consumer for providing drug related information. However, public relations or education programs were in need since there were still not negligible numbers of consumers depending on personal experience rather than health professionals.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.564-570
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 컬러정보와 깊이정보를 사용하여 얼굴을 검출하고 추적한 후 항해사의 졸음을 탐지하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 얼굴검출 과정과 얼굴추적 과정으로 구성된다. 얼굴검출 과정에서는 기존의 방법 중 가장 좋은 성능을 보이는 Adaboost 알고리즘을 사용하며, Adaboost로 입력되는 영상의 영역을 사람이 존재하는 영역으로만 제한하여 얼굴을 검출한다. 얼굴검출 과정에서 얼굴이 검출되면 그것을 템플릿으로 하여 얼굴추적 과정이 수행된다. 제안한 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 실험영상을 이용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 제안한 졸음탐지 방법은 기존의 방법에 비해 약 23 %의 수행시간을 보였으며, 또한 졸음탐지 방법은 추적 시간과 추적 정확도에 있어서 상보적인 관계를 가지며, 특별한 경우를 제외한 모든 경우에서 약 1 %의 낮은 추적오차율을 보였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2016

Excessive alcohol consumption can cause hangover symptoms, such as headache, drowsiness, dizziness, gastrointestinal distress, and anxiety. The aim of this study was to investigate alcohol metabolizing enzyme activities and antioxidant activities of fruit-vegetable juices containing Angelica keiskei prepared using a low speed masticating juicer in vitro. The acceleration rate of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) by A. keiskei-cherry tomato juice (ACJ) and A. keiskei-green grape juice (AGJ) were $163.8{\pm}4.3%$ and $148.2{\pm}6.9%$, respectively. The acceleration rate of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) by ACJ and AGJ were $185.6{\pm}9.5%$ and $161.1{\pm}4.8%$, respectively. Total polyphenol of ACJ and AGJ were $111.1{\pm}1.6mg/dL$ and $100.8{\pm}2.9mg/dL$, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activities of ACJ and AGJ were $62.0{\pm}0.5%$ and $61.3{\pm}0.4%$, respectively. Thus, these results indicate that alcohol degrading enzyme activities can be enhanced by fruitvegetable juices containing A. keiskei.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2007

It is important to treat cancer-related pain in cancer patients to ensure the life quality of the patient, as well as to improve their life span. It has been estimated that at least 5% of cancer patients have pain refractory to medical treatment. Therefore, the need for epidural or intrathecal analgesia with opioids and local anesthetics is indicated if systemic treatment has failed. Intrathecal catheter placement and implantation of the injection port for administration of opioids and local anesthetics may improve pain relief in patients who are unresponsive to epidural routes. Although intrathecal implantation has several complications, similar infection rates have been reported between intrathecal and epidural administration. In addition, intrathecal administration showed better outcomes, including improved pain control, lowered daily doses, and an improvement in the level of drowsiness experienced when compared to epidural administration. We report here a case in which a terminal cancer patient was treated using an intrathecal catheter and subcutaneous port. The patient had cancer-related pain that could not be controlled by epidural opioid administration. Based on the results presented here, we suggest that intrathecal implantation is a feasible long term pain management method for intractable cancer pain patients.