• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 2016

Drought is one of important environmental stress for plant. Drought has deleterious effect to plant growth including maize (Zea mays L.) such as vegetative and/or reproductive growth, root extension, photosynthesis efficiency, flowering, anthesis-silking interval (ASI), fertilization, and grain filling. In this study, we screened drought tolerant maize in 21 cultivars from different sources, sixteen NAM parent lines (B73, CML103, CML228, CML247, CML277, CML322, CML333, CML69, Ki11, Ki3, Ky21, M37W, Mo18w, NC350, Oh43 and Tx303), four Korean hybrids (Cheongdaok, Gangdaok, Kwangpyeongok and Pyeonganok) and one Southeast Asian genotype (DK9955). Drought stress (DS) index was evaluated with leaf rolling score at seedling stage and ASI at silking date. The leaf rolling scoring of CML228, DK9955 and Ki11 were determined 1.28, 1.85, 1.86, respectively. However, M37W, Kwangpyeongok, B73 and NC350 were determined over the 3. ASI analysis revealed that CML228, CML103, Cheongdaok, NC350, B73, CML322, Kwangpyeongok and Ki11 are represented less than 5 days under DS and less than 3 days of difference between DS and well-watered (WW), but CML69, Ki3, Pyeonganok, M37W, Mo18w and Gangdaok were represented more than 10 days under DS and more than 8 days of difference between DS and WW. Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis determined CML228, Ki11, and CML322 were regarded as drought tolerance cultivars. Eventually, Ki11 showed genetic similarity with Korean cultivars by QTL analysis and MDS analysis. Ki11 has a potential for development of drought tolerance maize with Korean cultivars.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2009

Dryland species and ecosystems have developed unique strategies to cope with low and sporadic rainfall. They are highly resilient and recover quickly from prevailing disturbances such as fires, herbivore pressure and drought. Dryland people have engineered pastoral and farming systems, which are adapted to these conditions and have sustained the livelihoods of dryland people for centuries. In this article, we present the status of potentials and threats to dryland biodiversity and explore options for its conservation and sustainable use. Findings of the research can be summarized as follows: (i) The ecosystem goods and services are highly valued by the community but mechanism for wise use of the resources has disappeared, (ii) forests are under the ownership of the government but the local community is the realistic custodian of the forests through village leaderships and environmental committees; (iii) the immediate major threat to dryland biodiversity held in the forests appears to be the degradation of ecosystems and habitats caused by new and powerful forces of environmental degradation such as large scale irrigation of rice farms, poverty-induced overexploitation of natural resources, and disappearance and ignorance of traditional institutions for management of dryland biodiversity. These new forms of disturbances often overpower the legendary resilience of dryland ecosystems and constitute potentially serious threats to dryland biodiversity. Forests, wetlands and oases all of which are micro hot spots of dryland biodiversity, appear to be particularly vulnerable hence the need to set up some rules and regulations for sustainable utilization of these resources.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2002

The application of conventional method for optimizing firm water supply and hydro-electric power generation has some limitation during abnormal or extreme drought periods. Hashimoto et al. (1982) suggested there risk evaluation criteria such as reliability, resilience, and vulnerability. These three criteria have been incorporated into a mixed-integer programming model for evaluating the possible performance of water- supply reservoir (Moy et al., 1986; Srinivasan et al., 1999). However, till now, these kind of researches have been conducted only for water-supply reservoir. Therefore there have been no other study for multi-purpose dam including hydro-electric power generation. This study presents an improved formulation of the previous model for evaluating a multi-purpose reservoir system operation considering water supply and hydro-electric power generation. The modified model was applied to the Daechung multi-purpose reservoir system in the Keum river basin to demonstrate the efficiency of the improved formulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.5-5
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• 2017

Too little and too much water due to climatic events is a significant cause of global food insecurity. Crops are less productive under water-limited conditions and all major crops, with the exception of rice (Oryza sativa), die within a few days of complete submergence. To complement our studies on genes such as SUB1A, (an ERF-VII transcription factor that provides robust submergence tolerance) and AG1 (a TREHALOSE 6-P PHOSPHATASE that promotes establishment of young seedlings underwater), we have retooled INTACT (${\underline{I}}solation$ of ${\underline{N}}uclei$ ${\underline{TA}}gged$ in specific ${\underline{C}}ell$ ${\underline{T}}ypes$) and TRAP (${\underline{T}}ranslating$ ${\underline{R}}ibosome$ ${\underline{A}}ffinity$ ${\underline{P}}urification$) for rice. These technologies enable us to follow dynamics in chromatin, nuclear pre-mRNAs and ribosome-bound mRNAs in meristems and diverse cell types. With these technologies we can better interpret responses to stresses and reestablishment of homeostasis. These include stress acclimation strategies involving changes in metabolism and development, such as dynamics in suberin deposition in sub-epidermal layers of roots that limit water loss under drought and oxygen escape during waterlogging. Our new data uncover dynamic and reversible regulation at multiple levels of gene regulation and provide new insights into processes of stress resilience. Supported by US NSF-PGRP Plasticity (IOS-1238243), Secretome (IOS-1546879) and REU (DBI-146129) grants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.11-11
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• 2017

The most drought resistant among the five most important cereal crops, and a key dual-use (grain and biomass) crop in regions containing some of the world's most degraded soils, sorghum has inherent climate resilience that is likely to become more important under environmental conditions that are projected by many climate change models. The importance of sorghum might be further elevated by the development of productive genotypes that increase the extent and duration of soil cover beyond those of conventional annual crops, mitigating or even reversing losses of ecological capital through multiple crops from single plantings. Rich genetic and genomic resources have been developed to link Sorghum phenotypic diversity to its molecular basis, and in particular the genus has become a model for dissecting the molecular control of perenniality. Nature has made Sorghum perennial at least twice, and crosses between wild perennials and cultivated sorghums show the feasibility of developing genotypes with varying degrees of investment in perenniality while still providing harvestable food, feed, sugar and/or cellulose. Genetic analysis of progeny from these crosses is revealing the hereditary basis of traits related to ratooning and perenniality and providing diagnostic DNA markers. One perennial Sorghum species has adapted to continents and latitudes far beyond the reach of its progenitors, surviving stresses year after year that are only periodically experienced by conventional (annual) sorghum, and may also harbor novel alleles that may mitigate production challenges in conventional annual sorghums.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2014

This study aims to understand abnormal climate caused by impacts of climate change and to suggest the direction of urban planning focusing on adaptation to climate change. The study consists of theory consideration and case study(Chicago, Philadelphia, Seattle). As a result, the main impacts of climate change faced by urban areas are heat wave, precipitation, and drought. To prevent these impacts, it is important to prepare methods of urban planning as followings: planning for land use, park and green considering the climate patterns, establishing and managing water resources systems similar to the nature, securing renewable energy resources, and transportation facilities and exterior space with proof against climate. It is especially necessary to introduce infrastructures related to storm water, green roof, shading tree planting, green space, and permeable pavement. Finally, in order to realize urban planning for adaptation to climate change, it is needed to make the detailed and specific goal and strategy for the climate change adaptation plan and to extend the scope from the goals to an action plan, a detailed plan, and a design guideline.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.361-361
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• 2021

가뭄의 경우 타 자연재난에 비해 발생경로, 피해범위, 발생기간 등이 매우 다양해 다각적인 측면에서의 대응책 마련이 필요하다. 따라서, 극한가뭄에 대비한 지자체별 가뭄 역량 평가를 수행하는 것은 재난관리에 있어서 최우선이라고 할 수 있다. 현재 국내외적으로 가뭄과 관련된 지역적 복원력을 평가한 사례는 매우 적다. 가뭄은 지진, 홍수 등과 같은 타 자연재난에 비하여 지속기간이 길고, 그 지속기간에 따라 피해의 영향 또한 파급력이 달라지므로 복원력 산정을 위한 항목, 복원력 곡선의 저하 형태 및 양상 역시 가뭄의 특성에 맞춰 도출되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 지자체별 극한가뭄에 대한 복원력 정량화를 위하여 가뭄과 관련된 내구성, 대체성, 신속성, 자원동원력의 세부인자를 정성인자와 정량인자로 구분하여 총 18개 항목으로 구성하였다. 구성된 18가지 항목이 정량인자 뿐만 아니라 정성인자로 구성됨에 따라, 모든 인자를 동일한 가중치로 평가할 경우 최종결과가 상대적 중요도의 미 고려로 인해 왜곡될 가능성이 존재한다. 따라서 계층적분석기법(AHP, Analytic Hierarchy Process)을 통해 내구성, 대체성, 신속성, 그리고 자원동원력에 대한 가중치와 내구성, 대체성, 그리고 신속성에 대한 세부 지표별 가중치를 도출하여 지역별 메가가뭄 복원력을 정량화 하였다. 분석결과를 동일한 가중치를 적용한 결과와 비교분석하였으며, 과거 가뭄사례를 통해 검토하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.364-364
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• 2020

세계적으로 지구온난화 등 기후변화의 영향으로 재해발생의 빈도와 피해 심도가 증가하고 있다. 일반적으로 자연재해에 의한 피해복구에 소요되는 비용은 재해 피해액보다 크다. 선진국의 경우 이러한 재해발생 가능성을 두고, 피해를 최소화시키기 위하여 복원력에 초점을 맞추어 관련 정책을 수립하고 있다. 그러나 가뭄의 경우 타 재해에 비하여 지속기간이 길고 그 지속기간에 따라 피해의 영향이 지역별로 편차를 두고 달라지게된다. 따라서, 정확한 역량평가 결과를 제시하기 위해서는 가뭄이 자주 발생하는 지역, 복구능력이 탁월한 지역 등을 구분하고 평가하여 지자체가 갖고 있는 가뭄에 대한 역량을 정량적으로 평가할 필요가 있다. 가뭄역량평가(복원력 평가)는 항목의 특성에 따라 크게 내구성, 대체성, 자원동원력, 그리고 신속성으로 구분된다. 본 연구에서는 각 항목별 가뭄 시 적용 가능한 정량적 복원력 지표 8개를 도출 하였으며 지자체별 해당 데이터를 확보하였다. 다음으로 주요 지자체별 복원력 항목 값을 정규화 하여 표준점수화 하였다. 제안된 방법론은 향후 개별 항목특성에 맞는 정량화 방법, 항목별 가중치 부여방법, 그리고 정성지표 고려 등과 같은 지속적인 추가연구가 진행되어야 하지만, 제안된 복원력 정량지표와 그 결과는 지역적인 가뭄에 대한 지자체별 역량강화전략을 제시하기 위한 기초자료로 활용이 가능하다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.293-293
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• 2022

가뭄은 시간적 지속성이 타 재난에 비해 길고 공간적 피해의 범위와 편차가 크다는 점에서 지역적 특성과 가뭄대응역량에 맞는 적절한 대응과 대책 마련이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구에서 제시된 바 있는 지역적 가뭄복원력평가 방법론을 기준으로, 가뭄복원력 평가 인자의 민감도 분석을 실시하였다. 가뭄복원력평가 인자는 4Rs (Robustness, Redundancy, Resourcefulness, Rapidity)을 기준으로 총 18개의 지표로 구성되어 있으며, 18개 지표를 산출하는 과정에서 활용되는 세부자료는 정량자료 19개와 담당자 설문조사를 통해 산정되는 정성자료 8개를 포함하여 총 28개가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 국내 지자체의 복원력 평가 결과 기준, 등급별 1-2개 지자체를 민감도 분석의 대상으로 설정하고, 19개 정량자료 각각의 비율적 변화에 따른 복원력 결과의 변동성을 정량화하여 도출하였다. 또한 19개 정량자료 중, 연관성 및 계층적 관계성이 존재하는 주요 자료 그룹을 구분하고, 대상 자료의 동시적, 연쇄적 변화에 따른 복원력 평가 결과의 영향도를 정성, 정량적으로 평가하였다. 분석 결과 가뭄 복원력에 기여하는 인자의 변화에 따라 가뭄 복원력의 증감 정도가 지자체 별도 상이하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 도출된 민감도 분석 결과는 지자체의 현재 가뭄대응역량지표를 기준으로, 가뭄 복원력을 증가시키기 위한 효율적 대책 및 계획 수립을 위한 의사결정에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2022

Greenhouse gas emissions are one of the critical factors that drive change in rice cropping systems. Within this changing system, less water irrigation and chemical fertilizer are seriously considered, as well combining precision farming technologies with irrigation control. Water and phosphorus (P) fertilizer are two of the most critical inputs in rice cultivation. Due to the lack of water availability in the system, P fertilizer is not available, especially in acidic soil conditions. Moreover, the various types of abiotic stresses, such as drought, high temperature, salinity, submergence, and limited fertilizer result in significant yield loss in the system. Even in the late stage of growth, the waves caused by diseases and insects make the field more unfruitful. Therefore, agronomists and breeders need to identify the secondary phenotypes to estimate the yield loss of when stress appears. The prediction will be clearer if we have a set of markers tagging the causal variation and the associated precise phenotype indices. Although there have been various studies for abiotic stress tolerance, we still lack functional molecular markers and phenotype indices. This is due to the underlying challenges caused by environmental factors in highly unpredictable regional and yearly environmental conditions in the field system. Pupl (phosphorus uptake 1) is still known as the first QTL associated with phosphorus uptake and have been validated in different field crops. Interestingly, some pyramiding lines of Pupl and other QTLs for other stress tolerances showed preferable phenotypes in the yield. Precise physiological studies with the help of genomics are on-going and some results will be discussed.