• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2005

본 연구는 식물공장용 체인컨베이어식 조간조절장치를 개발하기 위해 수행하였다. 개발 시스템을 재배작물에 실제로 적용하기 위해 평가 시험하였다. 실험결과, 식물공장에서 수경재배되는 채소의 주간을 조절하는 기술을 제공하였다 작물조간조절단계는 매주 수확하는 것으로 하여 4단으로 설정하였고, 단계별 이송속도는 각각 6.4, 9.6, 12.3, 15.8$cm{\cdot}s^{-1}$이었고, 조간조절량은 각각 101.6, 152.4, 203.2, 254.0mm로 나타났다. 1단계에서 4단계로 작물이 이송되는 동안 작물과 재배 홈통의 무게가 17N에서 935N으로 증가함에 따라 구동축토오크도 $11.7\~33.3N{\cdot}m$범위에서 증가하여 이론토크 값보다 $5.9\~9.8N{\cdot}m$ 더 소요되었으며, 이때의 진행 저하율은 $1.6\~2.1\%$이었다. 재배홈통의 이동소요 시간의 설계 값이 2.26초이고 실측값이 2.24초로 잘 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 조간조절장치는 조간조절량이 설계된 값의 $5%$이내 범주에서 잘 조절되고, 시스템으로도 안정적으로 나타나 식물공장용 조간조절장치로 체인컨베이어식 조간조절장치가 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to design a simulation model for an electric All-Wheel-Drive (AWD) tractor to evaluate the performance of the selected component and agricultural work ability. The electric AWD tractor consists of four motors independently for each drive wheel, and each motor is combined with an engine generator, a battery pack, and reducers. The torque data of a 78 kW-class tractor was measured during plow tillage and driving operation to develop a workload cycle. A simulation model was developed by using commercial software, Simulation X, and it used the workload as the simulation condition. As a result of simulation analysis, the drive system, including an electric motor and reducers, was able to cope with high load during plow tillage. The SOC (State of Charge) level was influenced by the output power of the motor, and it was maintained in the range of 50~80%. The fuel consumed by the engine was about 18.23 L during working on a total of 8 fields. The electric AWD tractor was able to perform agricultural work for about 7 hours. In the future study, the electric AWD tractor will be developed reflecting the simulation condition. Research on the comparison between the simulation model and the electric AWD tractor should be performed.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.411-420
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• 2000

The energy storage systems are being widely researched for the high quality of the electric power. The FES(flywheel energy system) is especially, on the center of the research because it does not make any pollution and its life is long. The FES converts the electrical energy into the mechanical kinetic energy of the flywheel and reconverts the mechanical energy into the electrical energy. In order to store as much energy as possible, the flywheel is supposed to be rotated with very high speed. The motor/generator of the FES should be high efficient at high speed, and generate constant torque with respect to the rotation. In this paper, a motor/generator employing a Halbach array of permanent magnets is designed and constructed to meet the requirements, and its characteristics are examined. The magnetic field is analysed by using the magnetic surface charge method. The armature winding is designed for the harmonic components to be minimized by using the FFT. The sinusoidal current for the motor driving are generated by the hysteresis current controller. A sample superconducting flywheel energy storage system is constructed with a duralumin flywheel which has a maximum rotating speed of 40,000[rpm] and a stored energy of 240[Wh] and its validity is examined through the experiment.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2014

Background: Significant technological development and changes happened in the tractor industries. Contrariwise, the test procedures of the major standard development organizations (SDO's) remained unchanged or with a little modification over the years, demanding new tractor test standards or improvement of existing ones for tractor performance, safety, and comfort. Purpose: This study focuses on reviewing the research trends regarding performance, safety and comfort evaluation of agricultural tractors. Based on this review, few recommendations were proposed to revise or improve the current test standards. Review: Tractor power take-off power test using the DC electric dynamometer reduced human error in the testing process and increased the accuracy of the test results. GPS signals were used to determine acceleration and converted into torque. High capacity double extended octagonal ring dynamometer has been designed to measure drawbar forces. Numerical optimization methodology has been used to design three-point hitch. Numerous technologies, driving strategies, and transmission characteristics are being considered for reducing emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants. Engine emission control technology standards need to be revised to meet the exhaust regulations for agricultural tractors. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) program has been used to design Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS). Program and methodology has been presented for testing tractor brake systems. Whole-body vibration emission levels have been found to be very dependent upon the nature of field operation performed, and the test track techniques required development/adaptation to improve their suitability during standardized assessment. Emphasizes should be given to improve visibility and thermal environment inside the cab for tractor operator. Tractors need to be evaluated under electromagnetic compatibility test conditions due to large growing of electronic devices. Research trends reviewed in this paper can be considered for possible revision or improvement of tractor performance, safety, and comfort test standards.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.484-495
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• 2020

EPB TBM의 굴진을 수치적으로 해석하기 위해 개별요소법(DEM, discrete element method), 유한요소법(FEM, finite element method), 유한차분법(FDM, finite difference method) 등과 같은 다양한 수치해석 기법이 적용되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 이중 개별요소법과 유한차분법을 연계하는 방식을 채택하여 EPB TBM 굴진해석 모델링 방법을 제시하였다. 제시한 개별요소법-유한차분법 연계 TBM 굴진해석 모델에서 TBM이 굴착하는 굴착부는 개별요소법을 적용하였으며, 입자 접촉 물성치의 경우 일련의 삼축압축시험을 통해 교정하였다. 굴착부 주변지반은 유한차분법을 연계시켜 정지토압계수를 고려하여 굴착부에 수평지중응력을 구현할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 이를 통해 소요 입자 개수를 감소시켜 모델의 해석효율을 증대시켰다. 본 논문에서 제시한 수치해석 모델은 TBM의 굴진율, 커터헤드 및 스크류 컨베이어 회전속도 등을 조절할 수 있으며 TBM 굴진 중 토크, 추력, 챔버압, 배토량을 도출해 낼 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.380-388
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• 2016

마그네트 기어를 이용하면 기계적인 접촉없이 동력을 전달할 수 있다. 마그네트 기어 기반 감속 시스템에서 종동축은 구동축으로부터 분리되어있기 때문에 시스템은 제한된 공극 강성으로 부하 변화에 대응해야하는 2관성 공진 시스템이다. 종동축 즉, 저속측은 구동축 인가 토크만으로 제어되고 갑작스런 외란에 따라 일반적인 기계식 기어 시스템과 달리 과도한 진동이나 슬립이 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 저속측에 인가되는 부하 등의 외란은 실시간으로 측정되거나 추정되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 고조파 조절기 일체형 마그네트 기어를 이용한 감속 시스템의 저속측 속도 제어를 위한 전상태 되먹임 제어기를 제안하고 이를 전산 모의 시험과 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 저속측 부하를 추정하기 위해 새로운 상태변수를 도입하여 관측기를 설계하였으며 이를 기반으로 하는 전상태 제어기를 통한 외란에 대한 강건성은 2자유도 PI 속도 제어기와 비교하였다. 상대적으로 짧은 시간안에 극의 슬립이 보정되는 것을 확인하였으며 추정된 변수는 실제 측정 결과와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 마그네트 기어 감속기의 서보 시스템으로의 응용 가능성을 담보해주는 결과인 것으로 판단된다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2020

Traction performance of a tractor varies depending on soil conditions. Sinkage and slip of the driving wheel for tractor frequently occur in a reclaimed land. The objective of this study was to develop a tractor suitable for a reclaimed land. Traction performance was evaluated according to soil conditions of reclaimed land and paddy field. Field experiments were conducted at two test sites (Fields A: paddy field; and Field B: reclaimed land). The tractor load measurement system was composed of an axle rotation speed sensor, a torque meter, a six-component load cell, GPS, and a DAQ (Data Acquisition System). Soil properties including soil texture, water content, cone index, and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured. Referring to previous researches, the tractor traveling speed was set to B3 (7.05 km/h), which was frequently used in ridge plow tillage. Soil moisture contents were 33.2% and 48.6% in fields A and B, respectively. Cone index was 2.1 times higher in field A than in field B. When working in the reclaimed land, slip ratios were about 10.5% and 33.1% for fields A and B, respectively. The engine load was used almost 100% of all tractors under the two field conditions. Traction powers were 31.9 kW and 24.2 kW for fields A and B, respectively. Tractive efficiencies were 83.3% and 54.4% for fields A and B, respectively. As soil moisture increased by 16.4%, the tractive efficiency was lowered by about 28.9%. Traction performance of tractor was significantly different according to soil conditions of fields A and B. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the traction performance of tractor for smooth operations in all soil conditions including a reclaimed land by reflecting data of this study.