• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.145-150
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• 2021

In order to continuously perform quarantine in public places, it is not easy to secure manpower, but using self-driving-based robots can solve problems caused by manpower. Self-driving-based quarantine robots can continuously prevent the spread of harmful viruses and diseases in public institutions and hospitals without additional manpower. The location of the autonomous driving function was estimated by applying the Pinnacle filter algorithm, and the UV sterilization system and chlorine dioxide injection system were applied for quarantine. The driving time is more than 3 hours and the position error is 0.5m.Soon, the stop-avoidance function was operated at 95% and the obstacle detection distance was 1.5 m, and the automatic charge recovery was charged by moving to the charging cradle at the remaining 10% of the battery capacity. As a result of quarantine with an unmanned quarantine system, UV sterilization is 99% and chlorine dioxide is sterilized more than 95%, which can contribute to reducing enormous social costs.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

The job of long distance driving is likely to be fatiguing and requires long period alertness and attention, which make considerable demands of the driver. Driving fatigue contributes to driver related with accidents and fatalities. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the number of hours of driving and driving fatigue using heart rate variability(HRV) signal. With a more traditional measure of overall variability (standard deviation, mean, spectral values of heart rate). Nonlinear characteristics of HRV signal were analyzed using Approximate Entropy (ApEn) and Poincare plot. Five subjects drive the four passenger vehicle twice. All experiment number was 40. The test route was about 300Km continuous long highway circuit and driving time was about 3 hours. During the driving, measures of electrocardiogram(ECG) were performed at intervals of 30min. HRV signal, derived from the ECG, was analyzed using time, frequency domain parameters and nonlinear characteristic. The significance of differences on the response to driving fatigue was determined by Student's t-test. Differences were considered significant when a p value < 0.05 was observed. In the results, mean heart rate(HRmean) decreased consistently with driving time, standard deviation of RR intervals(SDRR), standard deviation of the successive difference of the RR intervals(SDSD) increased until 90min. Hereafter, they were almost unchanging until the end of the test. Normalized low frequency component $(LF_{norm})$, ratio of low to high frequency component (LF/HF) increased. We used the Approximate Entropy(ApEn), Poincare plot method to describe the nonlinear characteristics of HRV signal. Nonlinear characteristics of HRV signals decreased with driving time. Statistical significant is appeared after 60 min in all parameters.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2015

In 2011, greenhouse gas emissions of transport sector were 85.04 million $tonCO_2eq$ and road emissions accounted for 95% of total emissions in the transport sector. There are few innovative technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions aside from eco-driving education and public relation program. Therefore, this paper focused on analyzing optimal acceleration by certain road grades and suggested fuel-efficient driving method for various uphill sections. Scenarios were established by driving modes. Speed profiles were generated by scenarios and speed variations. Each speed profile applied to Comprehensive Modal Emission Model and then each fuel consumption was estimated. Driving mode and speed variation that minimized fuel consumption were driven according to grade percent and uphill distance. When driving in the eco-friendly mode of the driving and speed variation, reduction rate of fuel consumption was evaluated by comparison between eco-driving and cruise control mode. When a vehicle drove under eco-driving mode at 100kph, 90kph and 80kph on uphill road, fuel consumptions were reduced by 33.9%, 30.8% and 5.3%, respectively.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.20-28
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• 2018

Currently, sharp increase of car is on the rise as a serious social problem due to loss of lives from car accident and environmental pollution. There is a study on ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) to seek coping measures. As for the commercialization of ITS, we aim for occupancy of world market through ASV (Advanced Safety Vehicle) related system development and international standardization. However, the domestic environment is very insufficient. Core factor technologies of ITS are Adaptive Cruise Control, Lane Keeping Assist System, Forward Collision Warning System, AEB (Autonomous Emergency Braking) system etc. These technologies are applied to cars to support driving of a driver. AEB system is stop the car automatically based on the result decided by the relative speed and distance with obstacle detected through sensor attached on car rather than depending on the driver. The purpose of AEB system is to measure the distance and speed of car and to prevent accident. Thus, AEB will be a system useful for prevention of accident by decreasing car accident along with the development of automobile technology. This study suggests a scenario to suggest a test evaluation method that accords with domestic environment and active response of international standard regarding the test evaluation method of AEB. Also, by setting the goal with function for distance, it suggests theoretic model according to the result. And the study aims to verify the theoretic evaluation standard per proposed scenario using car which is installed with AEB device through field car driving test on test road. It will be useful to utilize the suggested scenario and theoretical model when conducting AEB test evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2008

Two dimensional road design is connoting danger factor because different point between design standard and driver's reaction. Consequently two dimensional road design is difficult to recognize problem that happen beforehand when before construction. Therefore three dimensional road design that can grasp problem after completion is required. In this study, three dimensional road was designed to evaluate road that is designed. Road designed by Inroad that is road design program. DTM is created using digital map and elevation data. Three dimensional road was designed by integrated DTM of road and topography. Road design evaluation was performed in three dimension. Driving simulation and sight distance assessment were carried out to estimate stability of alignment. Shadow simulation was executed on icy road section for bad section of icy road surface. As a result of evaluation, this study could confirm shape of road after completion. And sight distance could be calculated and visually confirmed. Also, icy road sections were extracted through shadow simulation.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2022

Driver acceptance of autonomous driving is very important. The autonomous driving longitudinal controller, which is one of the factors affecting acceptability, consists of a high-level controller and a low-level controller. The host controller decides the cruise control and the space control according to the situation and creates the required target speed. The sub-controller performs control by creating an acceleration signal to follow the target speed. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to improve the inter-vehicle distance fluctuations that occur in the cruise control and space control switching problems in the host controller. The proposed method is to add an approach algorithm to the cruise control at the time of switching from cruise control to space control so that it is switched to space control at the correct switching distance. Through this, the error was improved from 12m error to 4m, and actual vehicle verification was performed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2014

The positive relationship between older driver's mobility and life satisfaction is well established(e. g., Collins, 2008). The present study showed that this relationship can be changed by older drivers' motivation, aspects of mobility, and affectivity. Specifically, this study examined whether aspects of mobility(amount of driving measured by travel distance and time: 'AD' or amount of driving for social activity: 'DSA') can be differed as a function of approach/avoidance motivation(measured by BIS/BAS scale, Carver et al., 1994) and positive/negative affect(PA/NA; measured by SPANAS, Diener et al., 2009) mediate the relationship between the aspects of mobility and life satisfaction(measured by SWLS, Diener et al., 1985). Self-reported scores of the variables of 132 older drivers(ages of over 65) were analyzed using correlation analysis and path analysis. The results can be summarized as followings. First, the older driver's BAS was found to be positively related to DSA, but BIS was negatively to AD. In particular, DSA positively mediated the relationship between BAS and PA. Second, PA, in turn, positively mediated the relationship between DSA and life satisfaction. The results can provide useful insights to understand the relationship between older driver's driving property, motivation, affectivity and life satisfaction.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 2010

Many athletes have been using occlusal stabilization appliances to improve their performance. Few studies have examined the benefits of such an appliance in golf. We determined the effect of such appliances on the masticatory muscle activities and driving distances of professional golf players. The appliances were customized for each player and adjusted using a computerized device. The electromyographic muscle activities and driving distances with and without the appliance were measured and compared using the K7 Analyzer and the GolfAchiever II assembly. A paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. The muscle activities of the temporo-frontal and masseter muscles with the appliance were significantly more stable than those without the appliance, and the driving distances with the appliance were significantly different from those without it. Although there were intra-individual differences, professional golf players with temporomandibular disorders showed a greater improvement in performance.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.26-38
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• 2023

This paper is a study on a transport robot capable of autonomously driving to a destination using a QR code in an indoor environment. The transport robot was designed and manufactured by attaching a lidar sensor so that the robot can maintain a certain distance during movement by detecting the distance between the camera for recognizing the QR code and the left and right walls. For the location information of the delivery robot, the QR code image was enlarged with Lanczos resampling interpolation, then binarized with Otsu Algorithm, and detection and analysis were performed using the Zbar library. The QR code recognition experiment was performed while changing the size of the QR code and the traveling speed of the transport robot while the camera position of the transport robot and the height of the QR code were fixed at 192cm. When the QR code size was 9cm × 9cm The recognition rate was 99.7% and almost 100% when the traveling speed of the transport robot was less than about 0.5m/s. Based on the QR code recognition rate, an experiment was conducted on the case where the destination is only going straight and the destination is going straight and turning in the absence of obstacles for autonomous driving to the destination. When the destination was only going straight, it was possible to reach the destination quickly because there was little need for position correction. However, when the destination included a turn, the time to arrive at the destination was relatively delayed due to the need for position correction. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the delivery robot arrived at the destination relatively accurately, although a slight positional error occurred while driving, and the applicability of the QR code-based destination self-driving delivery robot was confirmed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4D
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• pp.291-303
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• 2012

In order to lead safe driving, it is better to provide dynamic and detailed information on how the driver using the relevant road should behave as concerning movements of individual car rather than providing monotone and static information of reducing of speed to unspecified drivers. Assuming road and communication of highway where real-time collection and transfer of information on vehicles and road traffic status is possible, the purpose of this study was to provide real-time safe distance by considering road traffic condition such as road condition and driving condition, travel speed and distance between preceding/following vehicles. We intended to provide basic information about dangerous situation by defining different values of condition based column ($C_{condition}$) in accordance with the road surface condition, based on which Real-time Safety Distance Index(RSDI) is to be calculated comprehensively reflecting speed of preceding and following vehicles, distance between vehicles, vertical alignment and road surface condition on the scope of expression column ($C_n$). We intended to enable the driver to secure safety by providing the calculated Real-time Safety Distance Index (RSDI) so that the driver can intuitively sense and sufficiently cope with a dangerous situation where collision of vehicles may occur. The calculated RSDI value is comprised of 30 unit columns and will be provided to the driver being divided into risk evaluation grades of 3 predetermined steps, 'warning', 'dangerous' and 'normal'.