• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.874-881
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• 2011

Driver's cab shall be designed ergonomically to provide the comfort for a driver to gather the information from the equipments and to operate the equipments effectively. The typical three design factors effected on the comfort are the access of driver's cab, freedom of movement inside the cabs and visibility condition. All control equipments shall be arranged so that those which are most often used or are of critical importance are the most convenient to the driver. The layout of driver's cab shall maximize the use of available space to be rugged and easily maintained. The visibility for the running direction along the track shall be secured. The visibility condition apply the seating position of the driver. Not only the environment condition(temperature, humidity, rattle, etc) but also the construction of driver's cab can be ergonomic design factor.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

PURPOSES: This study analyzes feasibility for application white pavement markings in the roadways with median barrier. METHODS : By reviewing numerous relevant laws, standards, and operational cases, the white pavement markings' excellence was demonstrated. Driver's behavior was analyzed through a virtual driving experiment using driving simulator and field tests. RESULTS:First, white pavement markings are superior to yellow pavement markings in terms of visibility, economics, and safety. Second, as a result of virtual driving experiment, the color of line in the roadway with median barrier didn't affect the driver's behavior such as the average vehicle speed, the distance bias in the lane and the separation distance from the centerline. Third, field test demonstrated that the driver tended to recognize the median barrier as an obstacle. In addition, the central driving ratio in the lane was increased due to improving the visibility of line at night in case of the white pavement markings. CONCLUSIONS : The application of white pavement markings in the roadways with median barrier can enhance traffic safety by improving the visibility of line at night.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.575-584
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• 2010

The aim of study is to suggest the design procedure of automobile headlamp by considering driver's experience in regard of the visibility and glare during nighttime driving. The characteristics of driver were investigated in terms of the drivers' cognitive ability and reaction time, headlamp specification and visibility, light source and glare. And, the degree of visual discomfort was categorized and recognized as a tool to represent the subjective user experience. The UX point of view was stated when the existing results were seemingly lacking of it. The visual comfort and safety of elderly drivers were also discussed by reviewing the studies of ageing regarding the visibility and driving responses. Finally, this study suggested how to reduce the negative effect of nighttime driving due to the height of headlamp, angle of lighting, color spectrum, discomfort glare, source of light by using the UX perspective and methodology.

• 감성과학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2013

교통사고의 주된 원인은 자동차 주행 중 운전자의 시각적 주의 분산이다. 본 연구에서는 운전자의 시선을 도로에서 벗어나지 않게 하면서 주행정보를 제공하는 HUD(Head Up Display)시스템을 이용해서 자동차 앞 유리(windshield)에 투영된 주행정보의 색채감성을 평가하였다. 주행정보는 전방시선 $0^{\circ}$에서 약 하방 $9^{\circ}$에 위치하도록 설치하였고, 실험실의 형광등, 5개의 LED 조명등과 TV출력 영상을 통해 25[lux]의 야간 운전 시 조도 환경, 100,000[lux]의 주간 운전 시 조도 환경을 재현하였다. 먼셀 표색계의 기본 5색(R, Y, G, B, P)과 신호등의 색 YR, W 총 7색의 단일 색과 W를 제외한 6개 글자에 각각 흰색 글자 외곽선, 회색 글자 외곽선을 주어 외곽선 있는 글자 12개를 만들었다. 총 19개의 실험 자극물을 주간과 야간 환경에서 각각 주행정보의 컬러 시인성, 피로도, 선호도, 방해 정도를 평가하였다. 실험결과는 시인성이 유의미하게 나왔는데, 첫째, 주간에서는 Y와 G 색상같이 색상 자체의 휘도가 높은 경우 시인성이 높았다. 둘째, 텍스트의 외곽선이 있는 경우, 외곽선이 배경색으로 작용하여 색상과의 휘도대비를 일으켜 시인성에 영향을 준다. 셋째, 외곽선이 없는 경우에는 차량 전면 유리의 휘도가 배경색 휘도로 작용하여 글자의 휘도와 큰 대비를 이룰 때 시인성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이처럼 운전자의 주시야를 고려해 전방에 제공되는 가상의 영상, HUD의 상용화를 위해서는 주행정보의 색채시인성이 중요한데 이를 높이기 위한 방안으로 배경과 글자의 휘도대비를 고려해볼 수 있다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2016

도로에 설치된 일반적인 재귀반사형 표지병은 우천시나 안개가 끼는 날씨에서는 야간에 운전자의 시인성에 문제를 초래한다. 반면에 LED 표지병은 이러한 조건에서 운전자에게 시인성을 확대시켜준다. 본 논문에서는 태양광을 이용한 LED 도로 표지병에 대하여 30톤급 차량의 하중량에 견디고 국제방수 IP68 규격을 만족하는 구조 설계 결과를 나타낸다. 또한 태양에너지를 충분히 충전하지 못하는 혹설기 등을 고려하여 저 전력을 소모하는 LED 구동회로 설계 기법을 제시한다. 본 LED 표지병은 국내는 물론 해외에서 자동차 전용도로와 자전거 도로에 설치되어 운용되고 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2014년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.185-186
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• 2014

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2017

본 연구는 야간 시간대의 농기계 주행시 등화장치 장착여부에 따른 운전자의 야간시인성분석을 목표로 하였다. 야간시인성 분석을 위해 등화장치에 대한 휘도측정실험과 안구운동측정기기를 활용한 주시시간측정실험을 수행하였다. 휘도측정실험결과, 농기계와의 상대거리가 가까워지며 등화장치의 상태가 양호해질수록 휘도 값이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 주시시간측정실험에서는 주행속도에 상관없이 등화장치의 상태가 양호해질수록 농기계에 대한 총 주시시간이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과, 농기계에 등화장치를 장착할 경우 농기계에 대한 운전자의 야간 시인성이 향상되어 농기계사고의 예방에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2011

Most car accidents occur when the driver does not look at the lane. Specially When the driver needs to find the path through the navigation, the driver have to look the other site. The number of such accidents can be prevented, if the driver receives the information without gazing other spot during the car is running. HUD (Head-Up Display) Technology, developed for enhancing the combat effectiveness and pilot's visibility in fighter, is applied to luxury cars for the safe operation of the driver. In recent years, the simple speed, lubrication status etc., as well as navigation information also shows through HUD. HUD is expected to increase in the future. But these HUD show the information elsewhere in the driver's eye focus. It is necessary to focus on the windshield for a few msec to check the information. In this paper, Introduced method display the HUD information in 3D as well as in similar distance the driver's eye focus so that the driver can operate the car more safely.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.288-291
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• 2011

Recommendations for older driver-friendly automobile interior design have been determined by taking into account older people's physical and cognitive characteristics. Twenty three older people (aged from 54 to 78) and five younger people (from 20 to 29) performed several tasks in actual driving conditions, in which their reaction times and performance errors were recorded. Some design factors were found to be related to older drivers' visibility and controllability. Several design recommendations were proposed in terms of cluster color and font, display location, and HVAC control type. Proposed recommendations are expected to satisfy a wider range of older drivers as these will facilitate automobile interior designs which are fitter to older drivers' visual, cognitive, and manual capabilities.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The current practice in car headlight visibility performance evaluation is based on the luminous intensity and illuminance of headlight. Such practice can be inappropriate from a visibility point of view where visibility indicates abilities to perceive an object ahead on the road. This study aimed at evaluating the appropriateness of current headlight evaluation method. METHODS : This study measured the luminance of object and road surface at unlit roadways. The variables were measured by vehicle type and by headlight lamp type. Based on the measurements, the distance where drivers can perceive an object ahead was calculated and then compared against such distance obtained by conventional visibility performance evaluation. RESULTS : The evaluation method based on illuminance of headlight is not appropriate when viewed from the visibility concept that is based on object-perceivable distance. Further, the results indicated a shorter object-perceiving distance even when road surface luminance is higher, thereby suggesting that illuminance of headlight and luminance of road surface are not the representative indices of nighttime visibility. CONCLUSIONS : Considering that this study utilized limited vehicle types and that road surface (background) luminance can vary depending on the characteristics of the given road surface, it would likely go too far to argue that this study's visibility performance evaluation results can get generalized to other conditions. Regardless, there is little doubt that the current performance evaluation criterion which is based on illuminance, is unreasonable. There should be future endeavors on the current subject which will need to explore study conditions further, under which more experiments should be conducted and effective methodologies developed for evaluating automotive headlight visibility performance. Needs are recognized particularly in the development of headlight visibility performance evaluation methodology which will take into account road surface (background) luminance and luminance contrast from various perspectives as the former indicates the driver's perception of the front road alignment and the latter being indicative of object perception performance.