• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between self-reported voice problems and voice disorders in the Korean adult population. Data were collected from the 4th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2008) from 3,135 subjects (1,310 men and 1,825 women) aged 19 years and older. Multi-nominal logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between self-reported voice problems and voice disorders in the Korean adult population. Adjusting for covariates (age, sex, education level, job, smoking, alcohol drinking, thyroid disorders, pain and discomfort during the last 2 weeks), self-reported voice problems included independently associated functional voice disorders (OR=4.70, 95% CI: 3.14-7.03) and organic voice disorders (OR=3.89, 95% CI: 1.57-9.65). The results of the present study verified that self-reported voice problems are valuable indicators for voice disorders. Further research is needed to ascertain the effect of self-reported voice problems on voice disorder in adults.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.2-10
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• 2021

Microplastics with a size of less than 5 mm have emerged as an important environmental and food safety issue, as they have been detected not only in marine but also in terrestrial ecosystem and drinking water. Although many studies have been conducted on the exposure of microplastics and the effects on human health, the lack of standardized experimental methods for microplastics has been reviewed as a major problem. In order to overcome this, European countries such as the Netherlands and Germany are conducting a project to develop detection methods for microplastics as well as to establish the risk assessment methodologies for microplastics. Being the microplastics suggested to have a substantially potential risk on human health, reliable risk assessments should be conducted considering the various sources of microplastics, chemical pollutants and biological factors. In addition, international standards and regulations should be applied.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.138-141
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• 2015

The South Korean construction industry has shown a high proportion of industrial accidents (approximately 28% of whole injuries) and the continuously increasing accident rate. Although many safety research emphasized that the 3E (Enforcement, Education, and Engineering) approach is a potential solution to enhance workplace safety, there should be benefits to consider psychological (i.e., Emotional) effects on the safety performance since most construction works are human-oriented. Thus, understanding construction workers' psychological conditions can be a priority. This research studied the relationships between psychological conditions-which cover stress, personal temperament, emotional disturbance, and drinking habit-and specific safety-related factors including safety motivation and knowledge, and safety performance of individual workers at a construction site. This study conducted a survey of 430 respondents and analyzed the data with the multiple linear regressions. The results imply persistence, trait anxiety, and problem-focused coping style are the critical factors that should be controlled for enhancing jobsite safety. Finally, the research outcomes could be applied to build a strategic safety management plan for a construction manager.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.284-295
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• 2017

Background: The objectives of this study were to identify the reasons of quitting smoking, to determine the factors that make it difficult or helpful to maintain smoking cessation and to confirm the changes after the smoking cessation. Methods: This study was conducted an in-depth interview with people who participated in the smoking cessation treatment program. There were 10 participants and they were interviewed thoroughly for 14 times. Using the directed content analysis, we analyzed the transcript which was written by recording the interview and the researchers' note. Results: The results of this study are summarized as 'the experience while at the verge of smoking cessation and stepping over the verge of smoking cessation,' 'the changing experience due to smoking cessation,' and 'maintaining the changes through overcoming re-smoking.' The smoking cessation treatment program induced the smokers to quit smoking. Participants mentioned drinking alcohol was the major obstacle to maintain smoking cessation. Also, they noted that the money and the time that were already spent to quit smoking helped their smoking cessation as well as the social relations which helped to prevent re-smoking. Participants felt well-cared through the smoking cessation treatment program and that it helped them to maintain smoking cessation. Conclusion: Smoking cessation treatment program has a positive effect on the smoking cessation trial and maintenance. In order for smokers to overcome re-smoking, educations regarding drinking problem, formation of supportive social relationship, and the applications for smoking cessation will be beneficial.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2003

Most of food poisoning is frequently raised from mass catering. Especially, staphylococci takes the large part of pathogenic agents which are related to the hygienic condition. Among total 98 samples, four staphylococci were isolated from food service environment such as drinking water (A), hands (D), refrigerator and apron (E) of 5 elementary school (A, B, C, D, E) in Gyeongnam Province. These isolated strains are characterized as 1 MRCNS (Methicilline Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus aureus) and 3 MSCPS (Methicilline Sensitive Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus). Also, production of enterotoxin B (sob gene) were examined by PCR which has known as a big problem because of their temperature resistance. Hence, PCR was performed on isolated 4 staphylococci. The all 4 isolated Staphylococcus aureus have 477 bp of seb gene. Antibiotics susceptibility test was completed on PCR detected strains. All strains were fully resistance to ampicillin and penicillin. The drinking water of A place has resistance to oxacilline, therefore this strain turned out to be MRSA (Methicilline Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus).

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.291-317
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• 2011

This study was designed to explore the experiences of female victims who had abused by alcohol-abusing spouse. The results were deducted from in-depth interview with 10 female victims by utilizing Giorgi's phenomenological method. The results of research showed that experiences of women could be classified in three stages. From the lack of understanding stage, "ignorance of drunken violence" had appeared. "Confinement of vicious circle of drunken violence" and "dealing with drunken violence in the community" had been found from the coping stage. Finally, from the resting stage "re-defining of the relationship" had been drawn. Based on these results, the practical and political implications were suggested.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2014

Objectives : Features of military medicine and war pattern at the time Methods : "Haeng Gun Bang Pyeon Pyeon Bang", military medicine literature, that allows pattern of ancient war to be inferred was considered. First, background of this literature formation was examined, and the contents included were arranged based on table of contents. Lastly, pattern of war at the time and role of military medicine were studied through the meaning of times and medicine in this book. Results : This book was written by Naseyo(羅世瑤, of an unidentifiable period), an intellectual of Qing Period(淸代) in the 2nd year of Emperor Xianfeng(咸豊 2, 1852). It was composed of total 3 volumes and a book, and 684 prescriptions were written under 6 large sections(大門). Conclusions : This book was written in the middle of spirit of the times of national prosperity and military power caused by defeat in the Opium War and popular publication in a series, an academic current of the times. Though there were many treatments about external wound in this book, thoughts of armed forces and combat by people of the time were reflected, including drying method(乾法) making portable foods, drinking control method(戒酒法) to resolve drinking(飮酒) problem in the armed forces, treatment method of infectious disease, information collection method from enemy troops by confession, and various treatments for diseases of military horse. It is expected that this book will be good material for studies in the field of military medicine and used as material for diverse combination studies such as history and military science.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4401-4408
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• 2015

Background: Cancer is a primary source of concern in Thailand and other countries around the world, including the Asian-Pacific region. Evidence supports that an important contributing cause of cancer and other chronic illnesses such as stroke, diabetes, and hypertension is excessive alcohol consumption. Studies conducted in Thailand reveal a worrisome rise in the number of new and regular drinkers in communities. Therefore, actions for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of problem drinking are necessary. In recent years nurses in North East Thailand have been developing and implementing the Khon Kaen Family Health Nursing model to embed disease prevention in communities through the actions of family health nurses and local family health leaders. Aim: The aim of this qualitative research was to better understand the experiences of the local family health leaders using this model and to synthesize lessons learned. Materials and Methods: As part of a participatory action research approach involving analysis of focus group discussions and individual interviews, the experiences of 45 family health leaders were synthesized. Results: Four main themes were identified, namely: i) Family first: role modeling beginning at the personal and family level. ii) Local leverage: using village community forums to reduce alcohol drinking. iii) Gentle growth: making the first step and treading gently; and iv) Respect, Redemption, Rehabilitation: valuing the person to re-integrate them in the village society. Conclusions: As alcohol consumption in the village declined significantly following the prevention program, these findings illuminate how low-tech integrated prevention approaches may be very useful, particularly in rural communities. The lessons learned may have relevance not only in Thailand but in other countries seeking to prevent and mitigate behavior that conduces to diseases such as cancer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2015

Recently, the production of taste and odor (T&O) compounds is a common problem in water industry. Geosmin is one of the T&O components in drinking water. However, geosmin is hardly eliminated through the conventional water treatment systems. Among various advanced processes capable of removing geosmin, adsorption process using granular activated carbon (GAC) is the most commonly used process. As time passes, however GAC process changes into biological activated carbon (BAC) process. There is little information on the BAC process in the literature. In this study, we isolated and identified microorganisms existing within various BAC processes. The microbial concentrations of BAC processes examined were $3.5{\times}10^5$ colony forming units (CFU/g), $2.2{\times}10^6CFU/g$ and $7.0{\times}10^5CFU/g$ in the Seongnam plant, Goyang plant and Goryeong pilot plant, respectively. The dominant bacterial species were found to be Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Novosphingobium rosa and Afipia broomeae in each plants. Removal efficiencies of $3{\mu}g/L$ geosmin by the dominant species were 36.1%, 36.5% and 34.3% in mineral salts medium(MSM) where geosmin was a sole carbon source.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.201-212
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• 2011

Nanotechnology is the applied science which develops new materials and systems sized within 1 to 100 nanometer, and improves their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics by manipulating on an atomic and molecular scale. This nanotechnology has been applied to wide spectrum of industries resulting in production of various nanoparticles. It is expected that more nanoparticles will be generated and enter to natural water bodies, imposing great threat to potable water resources. However their toxicity and treatment options have not been throughly investigated, despite the significant growth of nanotechnology-based industries. The objective of this study is to provide fundamental information for the management of nanoparticles in water supply systems through extensive literature survey. More specifically, two types of nanoparticles are selected to be a potential problem for drinking water treatment. They are carbon nanoparticles such as carbon nanotube and fullerene, and metal nanoparticles including silver, gold, silica and titanium oxide. In this study, basic characteristics and toxicity of these nanoparticles were first investigated systematically. Their monitoring techniques and treatment efficiencies in conventional water treatment plants were also studied to examine our capability to mitigate the risk associated with nanoparticles. This study suggests that the technologies monitoring nanopartilces need to be greatly improved in water supply systems, and more advanced water treatment processes should be adopted for better control of these nanoparticles.