• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.7-11
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• 2009

The dynamic responses and drift forces in waves of a floating circular fish cage are analyzed considering hydroelastic effects. The method of generalized mode is used to calculate the hydroelastic responses of the floater of cage. The elastic mode shapes, generalized mass, and stiffness in dry mode are evaluated by using a structural analysis code. The higher-order boundary element method is adopted to analyze the interaction between fluid and deformable structure. Some results of vertical motions and drift forces are shown and compared with those for a rigid body.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 2013

The hemispherical resonator gyroscope is a type of vibratory gyroscope, which can measure angle or angular rate, based on its operating mode. This paper deals with the case when the hemispherical resonator gyroscope is operated in angle measurement mode. In angle measurement mode, the resonator pattern angle precesses, with respect to the external rotation input, by the principle of the Coriolis effect, so that the external rotation can be estimated, by measuring the amount of precession angle. However, this pattern angle drifts, due to the manufacturing error of the resonator. Since the drift effect causes degradation of the angle estimation performance of the resonator, the corresponding drift compensation control should be performed, to enhance the estimation performance. In this paper, a mathematical model of the hemispherical resonator gyro is first introduced. By using the mathematical model, a nonlinear observer for imperfection parameter estimation, and the corresponding compensation controller are designed to operate hemispherical resonator gyros, as angle measurement sensors.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.443-454
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• 2017

When eccentrically braced steel frames (EBFs) are in the desired failure mode, links yield at each layer and column bases appear plastically hinged. Traditional design methods cannot accurately predict the inelastic behavior of structures owing to the use of capacity-based design theory. This paper proposes the use of performance-based seismic design (PBSD) method for planning eccentrically braced frames. PBSD can predict and control inelastic deformation of structures by target drift and failure mode. In buildings designed via this process, all links dissipate energy in the rare event of an earthquake, while other members remain in elastic state, and as the story drift is uniform along the structure height, weak layers will be avoided. In this condition, eccentrically braced frames may be more easily rehabilitated after the effects of an earthquake. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through a sample case study of ten-story K-type EBFs and Y- type EBFs buildings, and is validated by pushover analysis and dynamic analysis. The ultimate state of frames designed by the proposed method will fail in the desired failure mode. That is, inelastic deformation of structure mainly occurs in links; each layer of links involved dissipates energy, and weak layers do not exist in the structure. The PBSD method can provide a reference for structural design of eccentrically braced steel frames.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.547-552
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• 2005

We have fabricated and characterized optical delay lines for optical coherence tomography, which is composed of cylindrical PZT(piezoelectric transducer) and single mode optical fiber. The polarization mode dispersion from the optical delay lines was compensated by the polarization controllers. By applying the duplex optical delay line, we minimized the thermal drift due to optical delay lines and obtained the scan range of 2 times that of a single optical delay line. The OCT system showed resolution of $18.6\pm0.5{\mu}m$, scanning range of 1.68mm, and scanning speed of 360.4mm/s.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.5 s.39
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• pp.25-33
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• 2004

To evaluate the seismic capacity of a multistorey building structures in performance based seismic design, it is needed to convert MDOF model into equivalent SDOF model. This paper presents predictions for interstory drift of multistorey structures using method of converting a MDOF system into an equivalent SDOF model. The principal objective of this investigation is to evaluate appropriateness of converting method through performing nonlinear time history analysis of a multistory building structures and an equivalent SDOF model. Comparing the interstory drift of multistorey structures calculated by time history analysis and those evaluated by an equivalent SDOF model, the adequacy and the validity of converting method is verified. The conclusion of this study is following; A method of converting a MDOF system into an equivalent SDOF model through the nonlinear time history response analysis is valid. Inelastic first mode shapes are expected to be more accurate than elastic first mode shapes in obtaining interstory drift of multistorey structures from equivalent SDOF model.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2024

Drift angle is a significant index for diagnosing post-event structures. A common way to estimate this drift response is by using modal parameters identified under natural excitations. Although the modal parameters of shear structures cannot be identified accurately in the real environment, the identification error has little impact on the estimation when measurements from several floors are used. However, the estimation accuracy falls dramatically when there is only one accelerometer. This paper describes the susceptibility of single sensor identification to modelling error and simulations that preliminarily verified this characteristic. To make a robust evaluation from measurements of one floor of shear structures based on imprecisely identified parameters, a novel scheme is devised to approximately correct the mode shapes with respect to fictitious frequencies generated with a genetic algorithm; in particular, the scheme uses constrained minimization to take both the mathematical aspect and the realistic aspect of the mode shapes into account. The algorithm was validated by using a full-scale shear building. The differences between single-sensor and multiple-sensor estimations were analyzed. It was found that, as the number of accelerometers decreases, the error rises due to insufficient data and becomes very high when there is only one sensor. Moreover, when measurements for only one floor are available, the proposed method yields more precise and appropriate mode shapes, leading to a better estimation on the drift angle of the lower floors compared with a method designed for multiple sensors. As well, it is shown that the reduction in space complexity is offset by increasing the computation complexity.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.299-309
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• 2018

Now that problems with force-based seismic design have been clearly identified, design is inclined toward displacement-based methods. One such widely used method is Direct-Displacement-Based Design (DDBD). Yet, one of the shortcomings of DDBD is considering higher-mode amplification of story shear, moments, and displacements using equations obtained from limited parametric studies of regular planar frames. In this paper, a different approach to account for higher-mode effects is proposed. This approach determines the lateral secant stiffness of the building frames that fulfill the allowable inter-story drift without exceeding the desired story displacements. Using the stiffness, an elastic response spectrum analysis is carried out to determine elastic higher-mode force effects. These force effects are then combined with DDBD-obtained first-mode force effects using the appropriate modal superposition method so that design can be performed. The proposed design procedure is verified using Nonlinear Time History Analysis (NTHA) of twelve planar frames in four categories accounting for mass and stiffness irregularity along the height. In general, the NTHA response outputs compared well with the allowable limits of the performance objective. Thus, it fulfills the aim of minimizing the use of NTHA for planar frame buildings, thereby saving computational resources and effort.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.194-198
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• 2012

In this work, we studied the microstructural changes of ITO during the annealing process. ITO nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel method using indium tin hydroxide as the precursor. The prepared sample was investigated using TEM, powder XRD, XPS, DRIFT, and 2D correlation analysis. The O 1s XPS spectra suggested that the microstructural changes during the annealing process are closely correlated with the oxygen sites of the ITO nanoparticles. The temperature-dependent in situ DRIFT spectra suggested that In-OH in the terminal sites is firstly decomposed and, then, Sn-O-Sn is produced in the ITO nanoparticles during the thermal annealing process. Based on the 2D correlation analysis, we deduced the following sequence of events: 1483 (due to In-OH bending mode) ${\rightarrow}$ 2268, 2164 (due to In-OH stretching mode) ${\rightarrow}$ 1546 (due to overtones of Sn-O-Sn modes) ${\rightarrow}$ 1412 (due to overtones of Sn-O-Sn modes) $cm^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.2-12
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• 1967

A pair of insulated-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor has been used to measure the direct current produced from the ionization chamber in the range of to A. An analisis of direct-current differential amplifier giving the expressions of the common-mode rejection ratio and the rralization of the constant-current generator to give very large effective source resistance has been presented. Voltage gain is 6.6, drift at the room temperature is 1.5mv per day. The common-mode rejection ratio is obtained maximum 84db. These facts give the feasibility of small direct-current measurements by utilizing this type transistors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.579-580
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• 2010