• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.43-55
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• 1996

Since REM sleep was found to be closely related with dream, efforts have been made to find the neurophysiological mechanism and the psychological meaning of dream. However, since most researchers have paid attention to dreams of adults, there are relatively few studies devoted to those of developing children. In the prevent study, we reviewed the previous studies and hypotheses about sleep and dream in various aspects and summarized the characteristics of sleep and dream of children in developmental domain as followings. (1) Sleep development : Across childhood, sleep architecture and sleep-wakefulness cycles are progressively changed toward the patterns of adult. They become similar to adult patterns only in their adolescence. Thus, the sleep event sconsidered as abnormal in adults may be normal in children. (2) Dream development : First, the content and meaning of the dream change with increasing age and develop in parallel with children's ego function, especially cognitive developmental stages. Second, for the children, the reality and the dream are on the continuous spectrum of 'reality-imitation-play-fantasy-dream'. Third, dreaming is the pure assimilation process for the children and through dreaming they can adapt and accomodate the reality without emotion.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.26
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• pp.227-248
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• 2012

Orchid Dream Wonderful Biography(蘭花夢奇傳), whose author was Yimmeishanren(吟梅山人), is a Xia-Yi-Ai-Qing(俠義愛情) novel in the late Qing Dynasty. The work published in 1905 when Emperor Guangxu(光緖) governed China. The novel was reprinted for several times to its excellent art feature as well as its public praise. Orchid Dream Wonderful Biography narratives the life story of the heroin, Songbaozhu(松寶珠). Songbaozhu disguises herself as a man, takes the imperial examination, and takes part in the war. However, she is abused after marring Xuwenqing(許文卿), finally, she dies in misery. Songbaozhu's tragic fate show that although a woman may disguise as a man and makes great contributions in novel, it would never come true in reality. Songbaolin(松寶林) is also home to female hero. She has a younger brother and sister were strictly education. She is a female hero of the pitch. The writer creates her, had to satisfy a social reality male. Orchid Dream Wonderful Biography, this work has had a tragic or a reality. This work represents the limits of consciousness and the writers. Orchid Dream Wonderful Biography did not transcend male-oriented notions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.495-502
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• 2018

This article sees the core characteristics of the elderly movies, which have become active in the 2000s, as the structure of fantastic dream. And I analyze the aspect and significance of the structure of fantastic dream .of 'reality-dream-reality', which is centered on . The structure of fantastic dream. is a traditional form handed down from the Silla era, and it is well-known in "Gumoshinwha" and "Guunmong". In , the aspect of the structure of fantastic dream is summarized as 1)the duality of person and space, 2)the boundary between reality and unrealism. In this film, heroine is suffering from a disagreement with daughter-in-law, hospitalized in a nursing home. After heroine passed the world of dreams, becomes a new person. expresses the process of solving the conflict of the characters, realizing the hope, and the process of mental rebirth through a structure of fantastic dream. The elderly movies accept the universality of the structure of fantastic dream and the special characteristics of an aging society.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.23
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• pp.127-165
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• 2011

This paper focuses on the specificities and semantic meaning of Mikhail Bulgakov's metadrama White Guard and The Flight. The standard conception of metadrama is to purposefully break the dramatic illusion and make bare a playwright's self-consciousness of the theatrical art itself. With the use of the metadrama Bulgakov expressed the essentials of ugly reality, which he couldn't accept as a valuable truth. In this respect, Bulgakov's metadrama becomes at once a window, from which he views the external world in the theatrical vision, and a mirror, in which his political and existential stance as a playwright is reflected. In White Guard Bulgakov described the already theatricalized reality through several instances of 'play-within-play'. In The Flight, composed of eight pieces of dream, a life turned out to be a less solid and less firm reality than dream. Continuously demolishing the cognitive wall between reality and illusion, Bulgakov leads spectators to have a reflective view on the reality. Allowing more powerful demonstrativeness for a play-within-play than for a play-within-play, Bulgakov elevates a metadramatic technique to the level of thematic structure.

• Korean Architects
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• s.579
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• pp.116-121
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• 2017

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.869-870
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• 2013

Once upon a time people dreamt for a connected world. But most of the people consider dream as simple as a dream. But when this dream come into reality, the dreamer sometimes alive and sometimes not. But the later generations get outcome from the visionary dream of the former. This is the way of life. If we consider the whole world as a cyber physical system, if everything connects everything, how do we feel then? It is the smart Internet of things that may connect the whole world. This paper addresses few challenges and opportunities of this envisioned connected World. We identify different systems as cyber physical system and it ultimately contribute to the cloud infrastructure.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.50
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• pp.173-196
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• 2018

This study, which works to develop a method of focusing on A Quiet Dream by Zhang Lu, explored the structural differences of films and the changes in Zhang Lu's aim and perspective as noted in films, by a review to grasp his internal changes in texts and contextual factors. In A Quiet Dream, Zhang Lu made a filmic attempt that had never been made in the world of films prior to that date. He tried an aesthetic experiment on how films could reorganize the world, by using the effect of obscuring the boundary between reality and dream in films and generating a new narrative regarding filmic reality, actual reality, and the life and artistic truth of the Diaspora. Generally speaking, the changes in the narrative in A Quiet Dream seem to be his resistance against himself and the Diaspora. Thus, in the discussion about A Quiet Dream, relying on the external factors intervening in the relationship between the subject of creation and films is not a useful endeavor at this time. Consequently, it is noted that after settling down in Korea, Zhang Lu could directly approach the changes in the cultural position of films in multilayered ways, where films were the most dynamic part of his life. Due to the changes in the Diaspora, he could obscure the boundary for the first time in the world of films and experiment with how films could escape develop an interesting perspective that deviated from reality, and made a new goal to show new ideas regarding the individual's awareness of the world.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.999-1026
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• 2010

There was a Golden Age of Fantasy novels in the United Kingdom in the 19th Century, which had the major writers, Lewis Carroll and George MacDonald. These writers pushed the boundaries of imagination and created a new world in which explore their own selves and societies. Fantasy novels flowered in the 1860s when a group of writers including Carroll and MacDonald published their works. These writers used the trait of dream framing to create their own fantasy world in which they took the action against the complicated and oppressive Victorian reality. Carroll's fantasy worlds of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass were an insane and chaotic world where the certainty of the real world was overturned. MacDonald's dream worlds of At the Back of the North Wind and the Princess books including The Princess and the Goblin and The Princess and Curdie were ideal societies in which imaginative characters could create harmony between fantasy and reality. Fantasy writers engaged in making journey to other lands to do philosophical and moral discussion critiquing Victorian society and to find insights into those problems in their works. Thus, their fantasy journey traverses time and place can produce some suggestive answers to the questions that lie in other times and realities as well as theirs.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.839-858
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• 2012

This study is to analyze dreams and madness in Don Quixote and Hamlet which makes these two heroes quite identical rather than antithetical. Don Quixote is usually considered to be an idealistic, enthusiastic, and unselfish doer, whereas Hamlet is a skeptical, melancholic, and self-conscious thinker. However, Don Quixote and Hamlet both reveal a heroic desire to embody an ideal world into a reality through their dreams and madness. Based on Freud's interpretation of the similarities between dream and neurosis, this article focuses on the aspects of Don Quixote's waking dream and Hamlet's affected madness to find out their characteristics as new types of heroes. Don Quixote, the waking dreamer, acts like a maniac and tries to remain in a state of madness to sustain the dream world where he wanders to save the weak, the poor, and the deprived. He accepts psychic breakdown as well as physical trauma if only he can do the role of a knight errant. Sleepless Hamlet witnesses the dream world and experiences it tangibly while he hears an order from the murdered King's ghost. Yet, instead of becoming a neurotic, Hamlet waits for the chance to perform his task to regain the harmony of his family and kingdom. Even on the border of madness, Hamlet does not forsake his own life and duty but dreams in reality and acts without losing his reason. Although there are some apparent outstanding differences between Don Quixote and Hamlet, they have fundamental similarities with each other; Both of them exemplify a new type of hero who desperately tries to fulfill a mad dream to face the suffocating, suspicious, and strange world.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.23
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• pp.7-32
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• 2011

In this article, we tried to introduce a little-known work of M.A. Bulgakov "Snowstorm" and provide some various clues for reading this short story. This study is focused on "snowstorm-plot", grasping the structure and the theme of the present work. To this end, in the Chapter II we tired to seek for the meanings of Bulgakov's "snowstorm" based on intertextuality shown from the works by those writers such as Pushkin, Gogol and Tolstoy. In this short story "snowstorm" is presented not only as a natural phenomenon but as a "participant" which provides young doctor-narrator with short time break and let him go to a dying bride, and at last place him on the crossroads of life and death. Indeed "snowstorm" plays a role of the framed structure of Bulgakov's text. In the Chapter III we observed the creative expression of Bulgakov's work which is comprised of overlappings with dream and reality. In other words, in the short story "Snowstorm" the outside and the inside story of frame are described as a dream of the one same night. We can guess that the Shermetievo story is a kind of dream of young doctor who fell asleep in Tuesday night, asking himself "how many patients will come tomorrow?". By the way the Shermetievo story unfolds as an incident which is happened on Wednesday. In this way in Bulgakov's "Snowstorm" it is hard to draw clear lines of demarcation between dream and reality. Therefore existential themes like these "Life and Death", "Professional calling and personal conscience", "The great nature and the week human being" are resonated with original structure "Dream in Dream".