• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.155-177
• /
• 2019

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) phase is the main contributor to the total lifecycle cost of a building. Previous studies have described that Building Information Models (BIM), if available with detailed asset information and their properties, can enable rapid troubleshooting and execution of O&M tasks by providing the required information of the facility. Despite the potential benefits, there is still rarely BIM with Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) assets and properties that are available for O&M. BIM is usually not in possession for existing buildings and generating BIM manually is a time-consuming process. Hence, there is a need for an automated approach that can reconstruct the MEP systems in BIM. Previous studies investigated automatic reconstruction of BIM using architectural drawings, structural drawings, or the combination with photos. But most of the previous studies are limited to reconstruct the architectural and structural components. Note that mechanical components in the building typically require more frequent maintenance than architectural or structural components. However, the building mechanical drawings are relatively more complex due to various type of symbols that are used to represent the mechanical systems. In order to address this challenge, this paper proposed a symbol recognition framework that can automatically recognize the different type of symbols in the building mechanical drawings. This study applied vector-based computer vision techniques to recognize the symbols and their properties (e.g., location, type, etc.) in two vector-based input documents: 2D drawings and the symbol description document. The framework not only enables recognizing and locating the mechanical component of interest for BIM reconstruction purpose but opens the possibility of merging the updated information into the current BIM in the future reducing the time of repeated manual creation of BIM after every renovation project.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.76-90
• /
• 2011

As most landscape drawings tend to be recorded in electronic format, the need for layer standards is growing. While the categorization system of planting drawings has been progressing, landscape facility drawings are being delayed. So, the purpose of this study was to establish the categorization system of computerized landscape facility drawing documents. In the beginning of this study, it found that the layer categorization system of "The Standards of Construction CALS/EC computerized drawings v1. 1" and "The submit instructions of electronic design documents" are not suitable for the landscape facility drawings. 1,154 drawings drawn by 10 landscape architect offices were used to analyze the current layer categorization status. As a result, it found that "The Standards of Construction CALS/EC computerized drawings v1. 1" were not introduced in landscape facility drawings and 46% of layers were produced indefinitely. The new layer categorization system consisting of 15 facility items was drawn by applying the ISO construction information categorization system. The new layer categorization system is set on the basis of the legal code, landscape design standards, and design guidelines of public institutions. This new layer categorization system is expected to propagate at the landscape architect offices in the early.

• Journal of Korean Historical Folklife
• /
• no.28
• /
• pp.113-142
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this script is to understand general issues related to production of visionary drawing and correct the fault of previous research by examining the data on visionary drawing featured on Ok So Kwon-Seop's anthology, "Oksogo(玉所稿)" the summary of its contents are as follows. First by analyzing the status of visionary drawings, in among "Oksogo(玉所稿)" which is Ok So's manuscript collection, there are 56 pieces in Je Chun Bon (edition) and 47 in Moon Kyoung Bon(edition). And recorded dreams in visionary drawings are centralized when Ok So was in his late 50's to 70's. And it is estimated that the visionary drawings are the collection of work done by many artists in long period of time. It was confirmed that Kwon Seop himself did not participated in drawings but were done by his brother Kwon Young, his grandson Kwon Shin Eung and Cho Se Gul, the artist from Pyoung Yang. Also visionary drawings were produced in youth years and among the visionary drawings that can be ascertain about the produced year and the oldest is by Cho Se Gul which was estimated to be done in 1695. And the last one to be completed was which was a dream in 1756 turned into a drawing and this was produced between 1756 to 1759 which was a year Ok So passed away. Production of Ki Seung Chup (album) or Mong-Wha Chup (album) was accomplished as follows. When Ok So records his dream in writing he receives response poem from a person he was in dream with and ask artist to draw the vision in dream, then the drawing and scripts were compiled and made into an album. With this some of the issues on visionary drawings featured on "Oksogo(玉所稿)" would have been settled. Recently, 2 more volumes of Ok So's anthology were photo-printed and published and hopefully those issues that was unable to settle in this script will have more detailed answers by discovering new and undisclosed data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• autumn
• /
• pp.589-592
• /
• 2003

Our government suggested an integrated construction information classification system (CICS) for improving construction information exchange between project participants. However, because a database for integrating construction documents and drawings is insufficiently built, there are many restrictions in using CICS. Therefore, this study suggests a methodology to integrate and manage the construction documents and drawings by CICS. The methodology suggested in the study is verified to a web-based construction documents and drawings management system with integrated DB.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.11 no.3 s.31
• /
• pp.105-120
• /
• 2002

Eight drawings of Sukcheon-je-a-do are the architectural drawings of the government offices. These were drawn in the representation of Sabang-jeondo-myobeob. Sabang-jeondo-myobeob is one of Korean traditional drawing type, that is constructed with turned-over elevations drawn on the site plan. The analytic observation viewed in the iconographical diagrams of eight drawings led me following conclusions. First, the most typical expression of Sabang-jeondo-myobeob can be summarized as the combination of three elevations toward the inside and one elevation toward the outside. The former is expression of territoriality, and the latter is expression of the facade. Second, in Sabang-jeondo-myobeob both elevations of crosswise direction and of lengthwise direction are described at the viewpoint of eye level. And they center around the courtyards with intent to describe the relation between buildings and the outdoor space. Third, the facade of pavilions, disposed on the crosswise direction in Sabang-jeondo-myobeob, are described with the both viewpoint of down-view and up-view. It is the expression peculiar to Korean traditional drawings, that describes the depth and richness on the facade of traditional wooden architecture. Fourth, some pavilions and landscapes are described in Pyonghaeng-saseon-dobeob, that is familiar drawing type in the Korean traditional paintings. From this expression we can deduce that the traditional architectural drawings such as Sukcheon-je-a-do were constructed by the traditional landscape painters.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.1065-1077
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to verify whether BND test was an appropriate tool for diagnosis of attachment security and to investigate difference of responsive Characteristics to the Bird's Nest Drawings according to parents attachment degree. The subjects in the study were 525 students, selected from senior high schools in D-city. The instruments used were parents attachment scale and Bird's Nest Drawings, and Discriminant analyses and crosstab analyses were used. The results were as follows. First, attachment indicators in the Bird's Nest Drawings discriminated according to group of parents attachment. Second, for male student, there was a significant difference placement nest, eggs, entire birds family, quality of line and tree picture according to attachment to father. For female student, there was a significant difference eggs, entire birds family, quality of line and tree picture according to attachment to father. For male student, there was a significant difference nest contents, placement nest, eggs, entire birds family, quality of line and tree picture according to attachment to mother. For female student, placement nest, space, nest size, eggs, entire birds family and quality of line according to attachment to mother.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2012

This study analyzed about Banbitgan of Anchae in High-Class Housing in Hanseong-bu (漢城府), Latter Part of Joseon Dynasty, by the drawings of Jangseogak Library. which were drawn the figure of house in Hanseong-bu (漢城府), during from the middle part of 17th Century to the end of 19th Century. These drawings were drawn in the form of Gangado ((間架圖), the layout and floor plan, the function of room of each houses can be examined. Focusing on drawings which the room name was written among those drawings, ascertainable form of Banbitgan. This Study has treated particular houses which houses were verified form of Banbitgan. As the result, it was investigated that Anchae of upper class housing in Hanseong-bu (漢城府), as the place where large-scaled housework was managed, its attached space has ever been developed. Especially, in this Study, by means of concretely research on the space organization of Anchae along with space composition and connection method of Banbitgan, the upper-class housing in Hanseong-bu (漢城府), it was quite examinable on the architectural figure of the upper-class housing in Hanseong-bu (漢城府), During the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty, which was not known well in the meanwhile.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.81.2-81.2
• /
• 2019

We develop an image-to-image translation model, which is a popular deep learning method based on conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs), to generate solar magnetograms and EUV images from sunspot drawings. For this, we train the model using pairs of sunspot drawings from Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO) and their corresponding SDO/HMI magnetograms and SDO/AIA EUV images (512 by 512) from January 2012 to September 2014. We test the model by comparing pairs of actual SDO images (magnetogram and EUV images) and the corresponding AI-generated ones from October to December in 2014. Our results show that bipolar structures and coronal loop structures of AI-generated images are consistent with those of the original ones. We find that their unsigned magnetic fluxes well correlate with those of the original ones with a good correlation coefficient of 0.86. We also obtain pixel-to-pixel correlations EUV images and AI-generated ones. The average correlations of 92 test samples for several SDO lines are very good: 0.88 for AIA 211, 0.87 for AIA 1600 and 0.93 for AIA 1700. These facts imply that AI-generated EUV images quite similar to AIA ones. Applying this model to the Galileo sunspot drawings in 1612, we generate HMI-like magnetograms and AIA-like EUV images of the sunspots. This application will be used to generate solar images using historical sunspot drawings.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.724-729
• /
• 2008

Well-integrated science instruction with art often motivates students to more engage in science learning and to freely express their thoughts and feelings on what they have learned in science classes. This study, therefore, attempted to explore Korean children's imaginary science drawings. Ninety elementary students ($3^{rd}-6^{th}$ graders) in Seoul, South Korea, participated in this study. The guiding research questions were 1) what overall characteristics of students' imaginary science drawings are and how these characteristics represent children's image of science, and 2) what educational value of children's imaginary science drawing activity as a case of science-art integration is. Data sources included a set of children's drawings and individual interviews with selected students. From the drawings, it was found that most of the subjects that children drew tended to be limited to the space. In addition, the children tended to assimilate science into technology that makes our life more convenient. We also found imaginary science drawing can be a good science-art integrated instruction method. Imaginary science drawing has educational benefits; one is a tool to investigate children's thoughts and knowledge of science while the other is method that motivate children to learn science effectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1994.10a
• /
• pp.847-851
• /
• 1994

Existing CAD systems do not provide the advanced function for systematic checking of design and drafting errors in mechanical drawings. This paper describes a method for systematic checking in mechanical drawings. The checking items are deficiency and redundancy of dimensions, input-errors in dimension figures and symbols, etc. Checking for deficiency and redundancy of global dimensions has been performed applying Graph Theory. This system has been applied to several examples and we have confirmed the feasibility of this design checking method.