• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2022

Purpose: For smooth performance of flood analysis due to heavy rain disasters at energy storage facilities in the Incheon area, field surveys, observational surveys, and pre-established reports and drawings were analyzed. Through the field survey, the characteristics of pipelines and rivers that have not been identified so far were investigated, and based on this, the input data of the SWMM model selected for inundation analysis was constructed. Method: In order to determine the critical duration through the probability flood analysis according to the calculation of the probability rainfall intensity by recurrence period and duration, it is necessary to calculate the probability rainfall intensity for an arbitrary duration by frequency, so the research results of the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs were utilized. Result: Based on this, the probability of rainfall by frequency and duration was extracted, the critical duration was determined through flood analysis, and the rainfall amount suggested in the disaster prevention performance target was applied to enable site safety review. Conclusion: The critical duration of the base was found to be a relatively short duration of 30 minutes due to the very gentle slope of the watershed. In general, if the critical duration is less than 30 minutes, even if flooding occurs, the scale of inundation is not large.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2022

Focusing on head temples in 25 parishes of Jogye Order, this study compared and analyzed the ancient literatures involved in the writing source of pillar tablets and the space layout drawings in order to examine awareness patterns of space in terms of contents of pillar tablets and Buddha and Bodhisattva enshrined in major temple sanctums in Korea. The research findings are briefed as follow: First, the different Buddhas enshrined in sanctums can be categorized and explained in accordance with their body(體), form(相) and use(用) based on Awakening of Mahayana Faith. In particular, Sakyamuni Buddha is for form(相), Amitabha Buddha and Avalokiteśvara for use(用), and Vairocana Buddha for body(體). Second, the pillar tablets of main sanctums signify oath and thoughts of the enshrined Buddhas and Bodhisattvas focusing on main Buddhas and serving Buddhas. Third, the content of pillar tablets is to symbolize and signify Buddha land where main Buddhas are always existing as they are focusing on the enshrined main Buddhas. That is, such content is to praise for Buddha. Fourth, every sanctum pillar tablets of temples express the content of attaining spiritual enlightenment for the self-cultivating truth seekers and saving all sentient beings for main Buddhas who are saving human. That is, every space of temples are perceived as "escaping torment and achieving pleasure(避苦得樂)".

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 2022

In terms of junior high school girls' growth patterns during early adolescence, unlike childhood when relatively balanced growth patterns are found and high school years in which the normal adult body type is almost reached, junior high school girls display imbalanced and rapid growth. In fact, diverse size changes by body part occur with a significant difference among individuals. Therefore, it has been difficult for junior high school students to select their exact size when buying a school uniform. This study attempted to develop winter blouse and skirt patterns reflecting the latest comfortable and active school uniform trends, using middle school girl avatars of various body shapes. Skirt and blouse pattern-drawing methods and margins differed. Based on such results, research prototypes were prepared. Then, virtual wear prospective drawings, clothing pressure, and appearance were assessed by body shape. Skirts were assessed with 22 factors while blouses were analyzed with 25 factors. Then, correlations between skirts and blouses were analyzed. According to the analysis, the reason why the dart & pleats position and margin were rated low was confirmed. In a virtual wear assessment on skirt patterns by body shape, a significant difference was found in all categories except for position of the hip circumference, margin of the hips, width of the skirt, and appropriateness of waist line position. The virtual wear assessment on the blouse patterns by body shape also revealed a significant difference in all categories but fit and shape pf the back part. In blouses, a significant difference was observed around shoulders and waist in type 1 and around the belly in type 2. On the contrary, for skirts, a significant difference was found around the hips and waists in type 1 and type 2. Therefore, these factors should be considered in making blouses and skirts. The above results suggested that skirt and blouse patterns should vary by body shape. It is anticipated that there should be further studies comparing brand-name school uniforms for high school girls and school uniforms by body shape.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.217-226
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• 2020

Ajaeng is the bowed string instrument among zither instruments in East Asia, which has a circular form to date, and it has established itself as an important instrument in today's creative Gugak along with traditional music. Looking at previous prior studies, musical instrument studies have not been actively conducted due to insufficient data from musical history studies, and this study looked at the origin, form of musical instrument, and performance methods of zither bowed string instrument through historical records of Chinese Yazheng and music drawings. The analysis of various documents showed that Ajaeng originated from an ancient Chinese traditional musical instrument called Chuk. In terms of the performance style, the Chinese Yazheng had different musical forms depending on the purpose and location of the performance, and there was a method of standing up and fixing the musical instrument horizontally to the ground. Ajaeng in Korea has been handed down without much change in the form of musical instruments introduced in China during the Goryeo Dynasty and the way they sit on the floor and play on a pedestal. Through this study, we hope that it will help to preserve and develop traditional music and Korean traditional musical instruments by enhancing understanding of musical.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2022

This study aims to find out how architectural designers applied the design process and what content is applied in the practical process of architectural design in Korea, and to improve it if there is a problem. So the study is carried out by investigating 13 architects(Including one person who wants to keep his work private) with extensive experience in architectural design. The architects were questioned on how and what content the design process was used for their representative works that had been designed. And interviews and field surveys were conducted on other matters to be improved. The survey was conducted from November 2021 to July 2022. According to the conclusion of this study, First, Most architects were applying the design process in the architectural design practice. These are caused by an impact on education, but there was also an aspect of preparation in terms of guidelines such as the Architects Association and storage rights. Second, Although the design process differed in each name and phase, it was generally carried out in the order of the start phase, the planning work phase, the basic design phase, the intermediate design phase, the implementation quarterly, and construction. Third, The step-by-step work of the design process differed slightly depending on the architect, but counseling and contract work were mainly performed at the start-up phase, and field surveys, legal investigations, and case studys were conducted at the planning phase. In the basic design phase, some contents related to architectural programming, basic drawings, images, and models were used as main work contents. In the intermediate design phase, secondary contents such as licensed books and facility facilities were the main tasks. In the implementation design phase, detailed maps and various frost facilities were finally inspected. Since then, construction and supervision have been carried out in the order of progress. Forth, As for the contents to be improved in the future, the architect's ability, the designer's knowledge of the overall architecture, the design supervision system, and the expansion of time for the initial design process were answered.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.883-890
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• 2022

Purpose: Currently, in the case of domestic fire fighting facility design, it is difficult to secure highquality manpower due to low design costs and overheated competition between companies, so there is a limit to improving the fire safety performance of buildings. Accordingly, AI-based firefighting design solutions were studied to solve these problems and secure leading fire engineering technologies. Method: Through AutoCAD, which is widely used in existing fire fighting design, the procedures required for basic design and implementation design were processed, and AI technology was utilized through the YOLO v4 object recognition deep learning model. Result: Through the design process for fire fighting facilities, the facility was determined and the drawing design automation was carried out. In addition, by learning images of doors and pillars, artificial intelligence recognized the part and implemented the function of selecting boundary areas and installing piping and fire fighting facilities. Conclusion: Based on artificial intelligence technology, it was confirmed that human and material resources could be reduced when creating basic and implementation design drawings for building fire protection facilities, and technology was secured in artificial intelligence-based fire fighting design through prior technology development.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1249-1249
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• 2022

The facade, an exterior material of a building, is one of the crucial factors that determine its morphological identity and its functional levels, such as energy performance, earthquake and fire resistance. However, regardless of the type of exterior materials, huge property and human casualties are continuing due to frequent exterior materials dropout accidents. The quality of the building envelope depends on the detailed design and is closely related to the back frames that support the exterior material. Detailed design means the creation of a shop drawing, which is the stage of developing the basic design to a level where construction is possible by specifying the exact necessary details. However, due to chronic problems in the construction industry, such as reducing working hours and the lack of design personnel, detailed design is not being appropriately implemented. Considering these characteristics, it is necessary to develop the detailed design process of exterior materials and works based on the domain-expert knowledge of the construction industry using artificial intelligence (AI). Therefore, this study aims to establish a detailed design automation algorithm for AI-based condition-responsive exterior wall panels and their back frames. The scope of the study is limited to "detailed design" performed based on the working drawings during the exterior work process and "stone panels" among exterior materials. First, working-level data on stone works is collected to analyze the existing detailed design process. After that, design parameters are derived by analyzing factors that affect the design of the building's exterior wall and back frames, such as structure, floor height, wind load, lift limit, and transportation elements. The relational expression between the derived parameters is derived, and it is algorithmized to implement a rule-based AI design. These algorithms can be applied to detailed designs based on 3D BIM to automatically calculate quantity and unit price. The next goal is to derive the iterative elements that occur in the process and implement a robotic process automation (RPA)-based system to link the entire "Detailed design-Quality calculation-Order process." This study is significant because it expands the design automation research, which has been rather limited to basic and implemented design, to the detailed design area at the beginning of the construction execution and increases the productivity by using AI. In addition, it can help fundamentally improve the working environment of the construction industry through the development of direct and applicable technologies to practice.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.84-95
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• 2022

The landscaping of Amore-Pacific's new building has received various awards since its construction. This study attempted to identify the mechanisms of planning, design, and construction of this project through the ground theory. The results of the study are summarized as follows. The client's place attachment of the sites, which was the company's parent, was the driving force for an international design competiton in which architecture and landscaping were integrated. After that, in the detailed design stage for the actual implementation of the contest-winning plan, competent local designers and contractors were selected, and a consultative body was operated to engage in various opinions and promote rational decision-making. As for consultative body's operation method, simulation, physical model production, and detailed drawings were created after sharing opinions, and landscape design supervision played a major role. Establishing consistency in design and construction through integrated planning and landscape design supervision is required to cultivate craftsmanship and foster landscape coordinators in today's industrialized practice. The accumulation of related follow-up studies and supplementation of the system is anticipated.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6D
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• pp.931-936
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• 2008

Surveying by using terrestrial LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging) is more rapid than by using total station which enables tunnel section profile surveying to be done in suitable time and minimize centerline error, occurrence of overcut and undercut. Therefore, utilization of terrestrial LiDAR has increased more and more in section profile survey and measurement field Moreover, studies of terrestrial LiDAR for accurate and efficient utilization is now ongoing vigorously. Average end area formula, which was generally used to calculate overcut and undercut, was compared with existing methods such as total station survey and photogrammetry. However, there are no criteria of spacing distance for calculating overcut and undercut through terrestrial LiDAR surveying which can acquire 3D information of whole tunnel. This research performed reverse engineering to decide optimal spacing distance when surveying tunnel section profile by comparing whole tunnel volume and tunnel volume in difference spacing distance. This result was utilized to produce CAD drawing for the test tunnel site where there is no design drawings. In addition to this, efficiency of LiDAR and accuracy of CAD drawing was compared with targetless total station surveying of tunnel section profile. Finally, error analysis of target coordinate's accuracy and incidence angle was done in order to verify the accuracy of terrestrial LiDAR technology.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2023

Genre paintings, which describes the lives of ordinary people, has lifestyle and Pungnyu of our ancestors. Pungnyu is aesthetic consciousness and a way of lives. The culture of Pungnyu is a kind of art boundary that combines high spirits and art. The Pungnyu is an icon of Korean culture, realization of taste, and happens through "stroll", which means the walking peacefully, and "sightsee", which means go sightseeing. It shows through the rambling and the excursion. Hyewon's 'Jeonsincheob'('傳神帖', a kind of spirit transferred drawings book) is a genre painting which represents Pungnyu and shows various activities at that time. Therefore, we can understand our own spirit and soul through appreciating his paintings. Hyewon's 「Jeonsincheob」 has three special features. Firstly, it is the symbol of Korea traditional Pungnyu. Secondly, it contributes to development of the East art. Lastly, Hyewon's 「Jeonsincheob」 can be considered in terms of glocalism, which means the combination of globalization and localization and can be explained by the relation of the center=the periphery, the globalization=the Korean wave, the universality=the particularity. Hyewon's 'Jeonsincheob' has aesthetic boundaries. One aims at individual pleasure. Another aims at harmony with its natural environment in which you are. Also, it can be considered as the boundaries of enjoying together which aims at harmony with social environment among group members.