• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 1991

Dilute polymer solutions were injected into turbulent pipe flow of a Newtonian fluid. The local drag reduction for injection of polymer solution at the pipe wall was larger than that at centerline. From the above result we may conclude that the polymer additives were found to influence the flow in the neighborhood of the wall. The effects of the injection apparatus on the local drag reduction are small compared to the drag-reducing effects. The extent of drag reduction increased with polymer concentration and injection flow rate, and the maximum drag reduction obtained were 47% for Polyox Coagulant and 35% for Separan AP-273. In respect to polymer degradation, the polyacrylamide showed better shear stability than the polyethyleneoxide and thus the former expected to have a sharper molecular weight distribution.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2003

An experimental study has been carried out as a basic research for development of the friction drag reduction technology for ships by polymer injection. Experimental apparatus and procedures have been devised and prepared to measure the changes of the wall friction with injection of a polymer solution and basic experimental data on the friction drag reduction are obtained for a turbulent fiat-plate boundary layer and fully-developed channel flows. Variations of the friction drag reduction with some important parameters of polymer injection, such as the concentration of polymer solution, its injection flow rate and the measuring position downstream from the injection slot, are also investigated. Important experimental data and results obtained in the present study are presented. The amount of friction drag reduction up to 50% is observed.

• 태양에너지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 1999

Experimental investigation has been carried out to determine drag reducing effects of polymer additives for a plate type heat exchanger(evaporator or condenser) in OTEC power plant applications, where the pressure drop in the heat exchangers takes up $70{\sim}80%$ of the total pumping power in the existing system. The rate of drag reduction was investigated with various polymer concentrations and mass flow rates. Experiments were undertaken for a test section in Alfa-Laval plate heat exchanger utilizing Poly Ethylene Oxide(Mw $5{\times}10^6$) as polymer additives. Concentrations of polymer additives were 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 200, 400 wppm at $25^{\circ}C$ and mass flow rates were 0.6kg/s, 0.7kg/s, 0.8kg/s and 0.9kg/s in normal operating ranges for a 15kW Alfa-Laval plate heat exchanger. The maximum effects of drag reductions were found at approximately 0.7kg/s of mass flow rate. The results show that there exists the optimum mass flow rate for the plate heat exchanger to obtain maximum drag reductions. Drag reduction of 20% means considerable savings in pumping power for a large size of OTEC plant.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2012년도 전기공동학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.157-157
• /
• 2012

The Characteristics of the drag reduction of a square prism having a detached splitter plate at the wake side was investigated by measuring of fluid force on the square prism and by visualization of the field using PIV. The experimental parameters were the width ratios(H/B=0.5~1.5) of splitters to the prism width and the gap ratios (G/B=0~2) between the prism and the splitter plate. The drag reduction rate was increased with H/B, and was increased and decreased with G/B. The maximum drag reduction rate was represented by 24.2% at H/B=1.5 and G/B=0.5. The two vortices were generated by the splitter plate at the wake region of the prism. The direction of the vortex was clockwise at the upside of the splitter plate and counterclockwise at the downside.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.195-203
• /
• 2018

Among the techniques of reducing the drag to increase the speed of underwater moving bodies, we studied on the drag reduction method by gas injection. Researches on gas injection method have been paid much attention to reduce the drag of vessels or pipe inner walls. In this study, we used a sintered metal mesh that can uniformly distribute fine bubbles by gas injection method, and applied it to a cylindrical underwater moving body. Using the KRISO medium-sized cavitation tunnel, we measured both the bubble size on the surface of the sintered mesh and the bubble distribution in the boundary layer. Then, drag reduction tests were performed on the cylinder type underwater moving models with cylindrical or round type tail shape. Experiments were carried out based on the presence or absence of tail jet injection. In the experiments, we changed the gas injection amount using the sintered mesh gas injector, and changed flow rate accordingly. As a result of the test, we observed increased bubbles around the body and confirmed the drag reduction as air injection flow rate increased.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제34권8호
• /
• pp.799-807
• /
• 2010

폴리머 첨가제에 의한 항력감소 난류 채널 유동에 대한 직접수치모사를 스펙트럴 기법을 통해 수치적으로 해석하였다. 마찰속도 및 채널 높이의 절반으로 무차원화한 레이놀즈수는 395 이며, 폴리머 첨가제에 의해 발생하는 폴리머 응력은 FENE-P 모델을 통해 고려하였다. 폴리머 분자의 이완 시간 및 최대 연신 한계와 같은 FENE-P 모델 인자는 항력감소율에 큰 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 항력감소율이 낮은 유동과 높은 유동에 대해 항력감소에 따른 난류 통계량의 변화를 조사하였다. 또한, 동일한 항력감소율을 갖는 유동에 대해, 서로 다른 FENE-P 모델 인자가 난류 통계량의 변화에 미치는 영향도 조사하였다. 최종적으로, Li 등(2006) 이 제시한 유변학 인자들과 항력감소율과의 상관관계식을 본 수치해석 결과를 통해 확인하였다.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2005

An experimental study has been carried out as a basic research for the development of the friction drag reduction technology for water-borne vehicles by injecting microbubbles or polymer solution. Experimental apparatus and procedures have been devised and prepared to measure the changes of the wall friction with the injection of additives and the basic experimental data on friction drag reduction are obtained for fully developed channel flows. The effects of key controlling parameters were investigated for higher drag reduction with varying the concentration and the injection rate of additives. The frictional drag has been reduced up to $25\%$ with the microbubble injection and $50\%$ with the polymer solution injection.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.401-409
• /
• 1997

The long term drag reduction characteristics of Habon-G solution were investigated in the KIER pilot-scaled district heating simulation system. Test runs were implemented for 30 days without interruption. Pressure drop, flow rate and power consumption of surfactant (Habon-G) solution were regularly observed and compared with those of plain water. The experimental results suggest that the surfactant can be effectively applied to the DH transmission system for considerably long period wthout significant loss of its drag reduction capability even though the concentration of the additive may gradually decrease in the first stage of the experiment because of absorption.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.330-337
• /
• 1996

The effects of pump and temperature on drag reducing characteristics were investigated with a polymer(PAAM : Polyacrylamide) and three kinds of surfactants(CTAC, STAC, Habon-G) in fully developed turbulent pipe flows with various experimental parameters such as additive concentration(30~500ppm), pipe diameter(4.65mm, 10.85mm), Reynolds number($4{\times}10^4{\sim}10^5$) and working fluid temperature($20{\sim}80^{\circ}C$). The pump effect on PAAM was severe such that the drag reduction rates obtained with pump were decreased upto 30% as compared with those obtained with compressed air in 4.65mm test section. The temperature effect on PAAM was noticeably considerable, that is, the higher temperaute, the less drag reduction rate. On the other hand, no significant pump effect on the surfactants was observed. The drag reducing effectiveness of CTAC was totally lost in the temperature ragne of 60 to $80^{\circ}C$, whereas STAC and Habon-G kept their distinct drag reducing capability at a temperature of $80^{\circ}C$. This study clearly elucidated that for DHC application of drag reducing additives, the pump and temperature effects as well as additive concentration and pipe diameter should be carefully taken into consideration.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.808-813
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 정방형주의 후류측으로 분리된 분할판(Detached splitter plate)을 설치한 경우 정방형주의 항력저감특성을 분할판의 폭과 정방형주 후면에서부터 분할판까지의 간격을 변수로 하여 양 항력측정 실험으로 파악한 것이다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 양 항력의 시간변화를 측정해 본 결과 정방형주의 후류측에 분리된 분할판을 설치한 경우가 본래의 정방형주에 비해 양력의 진폭이 대폭 감소했다. 분할판의 폭비를 고정시킨 경우 정방형주의 항력감소율은 간격비가 증가할수록 증가하다 감소하는 특성을 보였다. 같은 간격비에서는 분할판의 폭비가 클수록 정방형주의 항력감소율이 컸으며, 폭비 H/B=1.5, 간격비 G/B=0.5에서 최대 24.2%의 항력감소율을 보였다.