• 대한약침학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2012

Objectives: Many efforts have shown multi-oncologic roles of galectin-3 for cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms by which galectin-3 is involved in cell proliferation are not yet fully understood, especially in human colon cancer cells. Methods: To cluster genes showing positively or negatively correlated expression with galectin-3, we employed human colon cancer cell lines, SNU-61, SNU-81, SNU-769B, SNU-C4 and SNU-C5 in high-throughput gene expression profiling. Gene and protein expression levels were determined by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The proliferation rate of human colon cancer cells was measured by using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: Expression of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid B receptor 1 (GABABR1) showed a positive correlation with galectin-3 at both the transcriptional and the translational levels. Down-regulation of galectin-3 decreased not only GABABR1 expression but also the proliferation rate of human colon cancer cells. However, Korean herbal extract, HangAmDan-B (HAD-B), decreased expression of GABABR1 without any expressional change of galectin-3, and offset ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-enhanced human colon cancer cell proliferation. Conclusions: Our present study confirmed that GABABR1 expression was regulated by galectin-3. HAD-B induced galectin-3-independent down-regulation of GABABR1, which resulted in a decreased proliferation of human colon cancer cells. The therapeutic effect of HAD-B for the treatment of human colon cancer needs to be further validated.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.224-230
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• 1998

This study showed the anti-invasive activity of ginseng components, panaxadiol (PD) and panamatrlol (PT) on the highly metastatic HT1080 human flbrosarcoma cell line. PD and PT reduced tumor cell invasion through a reconstitute basement membrane in the transwell chamber. A significant down regulation of MMP-9 by PD and PT was detected by northern blot analysis. However, MMP-2 was constantly expressed. Quantitative gelatin based zymography confirmed a marked reduced expression of MMP-9 but not MMP-2 in the treatment of PD and PT. Since the chemical structures of PD and PT are very similar to that of dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, it was investigated whether PD and PT act through GR. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry showed that PD and PT increased the GR fraction in the nucleus. These results suggest that ursolic acid may induce repression of MMP-9 by stimulating the nuclear translocation of GR and hence inhibiting the activity of AP-1 to TPA-responsible element of MMP-9 promoter region. In conclusion, we suggest that CR-induced down-regulation of MMP-9 by PD and PT contributes to reduce the invasive capacity of HT 1080 cells.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.991-998
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• 2010

저산소상태(hypoxia)는 세포유형 및 성장조건에 따라 apoptosis를 유발하거나 또는 apoptosis의 진행을 억제한다. 저산소상태 유발물질인 cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$) 역시 여러 세포 유형에서 apoptosis를 유발한다고 알려져 있으나 그 기작은 불명확하다. 본 연구에서는 PC-3 세포에서 $CoCl_2$에 의해 down-regulation되는 puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PSA)의 세포 내 기능을 조사하였다. 본 연구 결과, PC-3 세포에 puromycin을 처리한 결과 전체 세포 집단의 약 42%에서 apoptosis가 유도되었다. PSA가 apoptosis에 관여하는지를 확인하고자 PSA siRNA로 내재성 PSA의 발현을 억제시킨 다음 apoptosis 연관 특성을 조사한 결과 PSA의 발현 억제에 의해 효과적으로 apoptosis가 유도되었다. 이러한 결과는 PC-3 세포에서 PSA가 세포생존에 중요한 역할을 할 것임을 보여주는 것이라 사료된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2016

Wound healing is a complex physiological process necessitating the coordinated action of various cell types, signals and microRNAs (miRNAs). However, little is known regarding the role of miRNAs in mediating this process. In the present study, we show that let-7c miRNA is decreased in heat-denatured fibroblasts and that inhibiting let-7c expression leads to the increased proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts, whereas the overexpression of let-7c exerts an opposite effect. Further investigation has identified heat shock protein 70 as a direct target of let-7c and has demonstrated that the expression of HSP70 in fibroblasts is negatively correlated with let-7c levels. Moreover, down-regulation of let-7c expression is accompanied by up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and down-regulation of Bax expression, both of which are the downstream genes of HSP70. Notably, the knockdown of HSP70 by HSP70 siRNA apparently abrogates the stimulatory effect of let-7c inhibitor on heat-denatured fibroblasts proliferation and migration. Overall, we have identified let-7c as a key regulator that inhibits fibroblasts proliferation and migration during wound healing.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.33.1-33.17
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• 2022

Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) have emerged as potential regulators of macrophage function. We have investigated mechanisms of SOCS3 action on type 2 macrophage (M2) differentiation induced by glucocorticoid using human monocytic cell lines and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Treatment of THP1 monocytic cells with dexamethasone (Dex) induced ROS generation and M2 polarization promoting IL-10 and TGF-β production, while suppressing IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 production. SOCS3 over-expression reduced, whereas SOCS3 ablation enhanced IL-10 and TGF-β induction with concomitant regulation of ROS. As a mediator of M2 differentiation, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) was down-regulated by SOCS3 and up-regulated by shSOCS3. The induction of GILZ and IL-10 by Dex was dependent on ROS and p38 MAPK activity. Importantly, GILZ ablation led to the inhibition of ROS generation and anti-inflammatory cytokine induction by Dex. Moreover, GILZ knock-down negated the up-regulation of IL-10 production induced by shSOCS3 transduction. Our data suggest that SOCS3 targets ROS- and p38-dependent GILZ expression to suppress Dex-induced M2 polarization.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.59-89
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• 2008

The Council Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91 of 24 Juni 1991 on organic production of agricultural products and indications referring thereto on agricultural products and foodstuffs. This Regulation describes the legal framework for agricultural products and foodstuffs obtained organically. The Regulation establishes a harmonized framework for the production, labelling and inspection of agricultural products and foodstuffs in order to increase consumer confidence in such products and ensure fair competition between producers. This article presents a study about inspection and certification system of organic production of agricultural products and foodstuffs in Germany. In order to guarantee respect for the rules of production, the Regulation provides for an inspection system to ensure that operators who produce, prepare or store organic products or import them from third countries notify the competent private and public authorities in the Member States of their activities. These inspection authorities must, at the very least, ensure application of the minimum inspection and precautionary measures laid down in Annex III to the Regulation. For the production of meat, the Regulation states that the Member States must guarantee the traceability of products throughout the production, processing and preparation chain.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2008년도 제49회 학술심포지움 및 국제학술대회
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• pp.85.1-85.1
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• 2008

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2008년도 제49회 학술심포지움 및 국제학술대회
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• pp.86.1-86.1
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• 2008

• 한국데이타베이스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이타베이스학회 2010년도 춘계국제학술대회
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• pp.181-185
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• 2010

The current method for accessing interconnection charges in Korea, called a hybrid model in this paper, mixes a top-down with a bottom-up LRIC model. The method has given stable charges so far. However, according to the fundamental changes of the market, policy, and network technology in the telecommunications industry, it requires analyzing the validity of the method. We investigate the problems of the top-clown, bottom-up, and hybrid model used in Korea and analyze their effect on regulation policy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1099-1104
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• 2014

Aims and Background: Ginsenoside Rh2, which exerts the potent anticancer action both in vitro and in vivo, is one of the most well characterized ginsenosides extracted from ginseng. Although its effects on cancer are significant, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we sought to elucidate possible links between ginsenoside Rh2 and phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor (PGI/AMF). Methods: $KG1{\alpha}$, a leukemia cell line highly expressing PGI/AMF was assessed by western blot analysis and reverse transcription- PCR (RT-PCR) assay after transfection of a small interfering (si)-RNA to silence PGI/AMF. The effect of PGI/AMF on proliferation was measured by typan blue assay and antibody array. A cell counting kit (CCK)-8 and flow cytometry (FCM) were adopted to investigate the effects of Rh2 on PGI/AMF. The relationships between PGI/AMF and Rh2 associated with Akt, mTOR, Raptor, Rag were detected by western blot analysis. Results: KG1${\alpha}$ cells expressed PGI/AMF and its down-regulation significantly inhibited proliferation. The antibody array indicated that the probable mechanism was reduced expression of PARP, State1, SAPK/JNK and Erk1/2, while those of PRAS40 and p38 were up-regulated. Silencing of PGI/AMF enhanced the sensibility of $KG1{\alpha}$ to Rh2 by suppressing the expression of mTOR, Raptor and Akt. Conclusion: These results suggested that ginsenoside Rh2 suppressed the proliferation of $KG1{\alpha}$, the same as down-regulation of PGI/AMF. Down-regulation of PGI/AMF enhanced the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on KG1${\alpha}$ by reducing Akt/mTOR signaling.