• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1131-1140
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• 2011

A new rotary gravure-offset printing unit is constructed by paralleling a gravure plate cylinder, a blanket cylinder and a impression roller. A Muti-Unit Gravure-Offset Printing Press(MUGOP) equipped with a series of the 3 printing units is utilized for roll-to-roll fine printing. Its core technology is precise over-piling printing of fine patterns. The severe problems of 'slurring' and 'doubling' in typical offset printing are unavoidable, which can be eliminated by applying a soft pad-type blanket cylinder and the unique 'true rolling' technique. Nip pressure between the blanket cylinder and the plate cylinder is measured by the constant pressure control system which equipped with load cells attached on the cylinders' axes. The running circumference of the blanket cylinder is increased to reach the same circumference of the plate cylinder as the pressure increasing, so that the specifications of the blanket cylinder is determined by the relationships of its shore hardness, diameter and nip pressure. When a softer blanket is used, a blanket cylinder of smaller diameter could give higher nip pressure. Realization of the true rolling technique on the MUGOP makes multilayer printing possible as well as fine printing in printed electronics.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.158-163
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• 2020

Objectives: In the current early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, Bali needs to prepare to face the escalation of cases, with a particular focus on the readiness of healthcare services. We simulated the future trajectory of the epidemic under current conditions, projected the impact of policy interventions, and analyzed the implications for healthcare capacity. Methods: Our study was based on the first month of publicly accessible data on new confirmed daily cases. A susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered (SEIR) model for COVID-19 was employed to compare the current dynamics of the disease with those predicted under various scenarios. Results: The fitted model for the cumulative number of confirmed cases in Bali indicated an effective reproduction number of 1.4. Interventions have decreased the possible maximum number of cases from 71 125 on day 86 to 22 340 on day 119, and have prolonged the doubling time from about 9 days to 21 days. This corresponds to an approximately 30% reduction in transmissions from cases of mild infections. There will be 2780 available hospital beds, and at the peak (on day 132), the number of severe cases is estimated to be roughly 6105. Of these cases, 1831 will need intensive care unit (ICU) beds, whereas the number of currently available ICU beds is roughly 446. Conclusions: The healthcare system in Bali is in danger of collapse; thus, serious efforts are needed to improve COVID-19 interventions and to prepare the healthcare system in Bali to the greatest extent possible.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.76-82
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• 1998

Increase of greenhouse gas due to $CO_2$ and CH$_4$ gases would cause the global warming in the atmosphere. According to the global circulation model, it is pointed out in the Okhotsk Sea that the large increase of atmospheric temperature might be occurredin this region by global warming due to the doubling of greenhouse effectgases. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the sea ice extents in the Okhotsk Sea. To improve the sea ice extents and concentration with more highly accuracy, the field experiments have begun to comparewith Airborne Microwave Radiometer (AMR) and video images installed on the aircraft (Beach-200). The sea ice concentration is generally proportional to the brightness temperature and accurate retrieval of sea ice concentration from the brightness temperature is important because of the sensitivity of multi-channel data with the amount of open water in the sea ice pack. During the field experiments of airborned AMR the multi-frequency data suggest that the sea ice concentration is slightly dependending on the sea ice types since the brightness temperature is different between the thin and small piece of sea ice floes, and a large ice flow with different surface signatures. On the basis of classification of two sea ice types, it is cleary distinguished between the thin ice and the large ice floe in the scatter plot of 36.5 and 89.0GHz, but it does not become to make clear of the scatter plot of 18.7 and 36.5GHz Two algorithms that have been used for deriving sea ice concentrations from airbomed multi-channel data are compared. One is the NASA Team Algorithm and the other is the Bootstrap Algorithm. Intrercomparison on both algorithms with the airborned data and sea ice concentration derived from video images bas shown that the Bootstrap Algorithm is more consistent with the binary maps of video images.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 1996

Methylobacillus sp. strain SK1, which grows only on methanol, was found to grow in the absence of added copper. The doubling time (t$_{d}$ = 1.3 h) of the bacterium growing at the exponential growth phase at 30.deg.C in the absence of copper was the same as that of the cell growing in the presence of copper. The bacterium growing after the exponential phase in the absence of copper, however, grew faster than the cell growing in the presence of copper. Cells harvested after thee arly stationary phase in the presence of copper were found to exhibit no methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) activity, but the amount and subunit structure of the enzyme in the cells were almost the same as that in cells harboring active MDH. Pellets of the cells harvested after the early stationary phase in the presence of copper were pale green. Cell-free extracts prepared from cells harvested at the early stationary phase in the presence of copper were pink and exhibited MDH activity, but it turned dark-green rapidly from the surface under air. The green-colored portions of the extracts showed no MDH activity and contained c-type cytochromes that were oxidized completely. The inactive MDH activity and contained c-type cytochromes that were oxidized completely. The inactive MDH proteins in the green portions were found to have antigenic sites identical to those of the active one as the inactive MDHs in cells grown in the presence of copper. The bacterium was found to accumulate copper actively during the exponential growth phase. MDH prepared from cells grown in the presence or absence of copper was found to be more stable under nitrogen gas than under air. Methanol at 10 mM was found to enhance the stability of the MDH under air.r.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2003

According to an evolution of image and video compression technologies, most digital images are in the compressed form. Resizing of these compressed images have various applications such as transmission of resized image according to varying bandwidth, content adaptation for display purpose and etc. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is the most popular transformation for image compression. Recently, several researches have been performed to obtain the reconstructed image of original size in the DCT domain after downsampling and upsampling in the DCT domain. Main focus of these researches is to improve quality of the reconstructed image after downsampling and upsampling in the DCT domain In this paper, we present an modified IDCT method to downsize DCT-encoded image. Furthermore, we propose an efficient scheme for image downsampling and upsampling in the DCT domain With these modified IDCT method. The proposed scheme Provides higher PSNR values than the existing schemes In terms of the reconstructed image after halving and doubling in the DCT domain.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.450-456
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• 1994

The effects of sucrose on cell growth and anticancer drug taxol production were investigated in cell suspension cultures of Taxus cuspidata. The cells were cultured at various concentrations of sucrose (20 to $100g/\ell$). The highest specific growth rata was achieved at $40g/\ell$ of sucrose as 0.076 day-1 and the highest final cell density, 34 g DCW/$\ell$ after 25 days of culture, was obtained at $60g/\ell$ of sucrose. The cell yield(Yx/s) was found to be 0.55g cell/g sucrose and doubling time (Td) was 9.12 day. High concentration of sucrose (80, $100g/\ell$) and the addition of osmoticum enhanced the production of taxol significantly. The maximum taxol production was $1.36mg/\ell$ at $80g/\ell$ of sucrose, which was 0.01% as a specific content.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2012

Purpose : Clinicians commonly encounter cases in which it is difficult to determine whether adjacent radiopacities are normal or pathologic. The ideal radiopacity of composite resin is equal to or higher than that of the same thickness of aluminum. We aimed to investigate the possible effects of different curing times on the post-24-hour radiopacity of composite resins on digital radiographs. Materials and Methods : One mm thick samples of Filtek P60 and Clearfil resin composites were prepared and cured with three regimens of continuous 400 mW/$cm^2$ irradiance for 10, 20 and 30 seconds. Along with a 12-step aluminum step wedge, digital radiographs were captured and the radiopacities were transformed to the equivalent aluminum thicknesses. Data were compared by a general linear model and repeated-measures of ANOVA. Results : Overall, the calculated equivalent aluminum thicknesses of composite resins were increased significantly by doubling and tripling the curing times (F(2,8)=8.94, p=0.002). Notably, Bonferroni post-hoc tests confirmed that the radiopacity of the cured Filtek P60 was significantly higher at 30 seconds compared with 10 seconds (p=0.04). Although the higher radiopacity was observed by increasing the time, other comparisons showed no statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusion : These results supported the hypothesis that the radiopacity of resin composites might be related to the duration of light curing. In addition to the current standards for radiopacity of digital images, defining a standard protocol for curing of dental materials should be considered, and it is suggested that they should be added to the current requirements for dental material.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.335-343
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• 2018

Objective: Remarkable difference in cellular activity was found between early and late subpassaged embryonic stem cell (ESCs) lines, which can be created by subtle changes in cell manipulation protocol. This study subsequently examined whether post-thaw subculture of early subpassaged ESC lines could further affect the activity of the ESCs. Methods: Fresh (as a control treatment) or cryopreserved F1 hybrid (B6CBAF1) early ESC lines (C57BL/6xCBA) of the 4 (P4) or the 19 passage (P19) were subcultured once, twice or six times under the same condition. The post-thaw survival of the ESCs was monitored after the post-treatment subculture and the ability of cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis and mitochondrial ATP synthesis was subsequently examined. Results: Regardless of the subculture number, P19 ESCs showed better (p<0.05) doubling time and less ATP production than P4 ESCs and such difference was not influenced by fresh or cryopreservation. The difference between P4 and P19 ESC lines became decreased as the post-treatment subculture was increased and the six times subculture eliminated such difference. Similarly, transient but prominent difference in ROS production and apoptotic cell number was detected between P4 and P19 ESCs only at the 1st subculture after treatment, but no statistical differences between two ESC lines was detected in other observations. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that post-thaw subculture of ESCs under the same environment is recommended for standardizing their cellular activity. The activity of cell proliferation ability and ATP synthesis can be used as parameters for quality control of ESCs.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.512-522
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• 2005

In this paper an algorithm of image alignments for constructing seamless mosaics is proposed. After the global alignment has been run, there may still be localized mis-registrations present in the mosaic. Due to mis-registrations, there may be seams in the mosaic, such as breaking, blurring, and doubling of lines. To solve this problem, we need an algorithm of residual motion estimation, which minimizes mis-registrations. In the conventional algorithms of residual motion estimation, computational powers are too heavy and estimators of camera parameters are additionally needed such as focal lengths. In the proposed algorithm, residual motion vectors are estimated with the adequate size of estimation and measurement windows and with adjustment of initial vectors according to the established priority. By construction of mosaics with the proposed algorithm, we demonstrate the removal of seams by mis-registrations.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 1986

This study was attempted to screen the cytotoxic activity of petroleum ether ex- tract from panax ginseng root against human colon cancer cells. Two extracts of panax ginseng root, crude and partially purified, were used for this experiment. The crude extract was prepared by extraction with petroleum ether using Soxhlet aparatus for 12 to 15 hours from panax ginseng and the extract was partially purified by silicic acid column with mixture of petroleum ether: ethyl ether (70 : 30, v/v). Three species of human colon cancer cells, HRT-18, HCT-48 and HT-29, were maintained in DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium), and the cells were cultured in DMEM containing serial concentration of the crude or partially purified fraction to observe the cytotoxic activity of the both extracts. The effects of incubation time and concentration of the both extracts in culture medium against the growth of the each cancer cell were determined. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The doubling times of the HRT-18, HCT-48 and HT-29 cells were about 20, 24 and 22 hours, respectively. 2, The inhibitory effects of the crude extract on the growth of cancer cells were increased according to the rise of concentration of the extract and incubation time. 3. The inhibitory effect of partially purified fraction on the growth of HRT-18 cell was about 4 times stronger than that of the crude extract under same experimental condition. 4 The inhibitory effects of the crude and purified fraction on the growth of each cancer cell were shown difference by the kind of the cancer cell. In view of the above results, it could be said that the petroleum ether extract of panax ginseng root inhibited the division of the human colon cancer cell, in vitro.