• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.2263-2268
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• 2010

In this paper, the hybrid compensation algorithm($A_{HB}$) for localization using the Compensation Algorithm distance($CA_d$) and the Algorithm of Equivalent Distance Rate(AEDR) in SDS-TWR(Symmetric Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging) is suggested and the performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed by practical experimentations. From experimentations, it is confirmed that the errors are reduced in 28 coordinates of total 32 coordinates in the experimental region and the errors are reduced about above 70% in the assigned 3 type error level ranges by $A_{HB}$. Also, it is analyzed that the average localization error is reduced from 2.67m to 1.19m as 55.4% in total 32 coordinates by $A_{HB}$ and the error compensation capability of $A_{HB}$ is very excellent as above 90%. From above results, we have seen that the error reduction ratio and error compensation capability of $A_{HB}$ is more excellent than each $CA_d$ or AEDR.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2014

Concerns and demands for the Location Based Services (LBS) using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Wi-Fi are largely increased in the world in the present. In some experimental results, it was noted that many errors are frequently occurred when the distances between an anchor node and a mobile node acre measured in indoor localization environment of Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). In this paper, localization compensation algorithm based on maximum measurement value ($LCA_{MMV}$) for moving objects in WPAN is proposed, and the performance of the algorithm is analyzed by experiments on three scenarios for movement of mobile nodes. From the experiments, it was confirmed that the average localization accuracy of suggested algorithm was more increased than Symmetric Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging (SDS-TWR) and triangulation as average 40.9cm, 77.6cm and 6.3cm, respectively on scenario 1-3.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 2015

This paper deals with the generating characteristic analysis of permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG) with double-sided Halbach magnet array mover and three phases concentrated stator windings by using analytical method. On the basis of a magnetic vector potential and Maxwell's equations, governing equations are obtained, and magnetization modeling for Halbach magnet array is performed analytically by using the Fourier series. And then, we obtain electrical parameters such as back-EMF constant, resistance, and coil inductance based on magnetic field calculations. Finally, analytical results for generating performance are confirmed by comparing with finite element analysis results.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.559-565
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• 2014

A 3 dB coupler has been designed and implemented using the most commonly used double-sided FR4 boards. The coupling and the bandwidth of the coupler are enhanced with the enlarged overlapped area of the coupler. Major design parameters are plotted as a design guide and the parameters are verified by simulation and measurement. The size of the manufactured coupler is $30{\times}14mm^2$. Its measured insertion loss and phase difference are 0.6 dB and $90.5^{\circ}$ at center frequency of 2.5 GHz, respectively. The operating frequency range is 1.72 GHz to 3.08 GHz for $3.6{\pm}0.5dB$ insertion loss. The coupler has the performance similar to that of conventional Lange coupler, and implementation of the coupler is easy and cheap with wide metal width and spacing and no additional wire bonding process.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.356-361
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• 2020

This paper presents a lightweight milli-scale crawling robot that can crawl on both sides, which was inspired by the movement of insects. This robot has an excellent ability to overcome obstacles, such as the narrow gaps and the rough terrain. In addition, the robot can crawl steadily and rapidly through triangular alternation, such as ants or cockroaches. The process of smart composite microstructures (SCM) was employed to make a lightweight robot structure. The SCM process replaced the conventional mechanical parts with flexure joints and composite links, which allows the weight of the robot to be reduced. In addition, the robot structure was robust against external impacts owing to the compliance of the constituent materials. Using the SCM process, the robot weighed only 32g with twelve legs in total on both sides. The robot showed a crawling speed of 0.52m/s on the front side and 0.42m/s on the backside.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.174-181
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• 2014

Design procedure of LEG(Linear Electric Generator) is introduced by performing the time-domain analysis for the heaving motion of a floating buoy coupled with LEG. A vertical truncated buoy is selected as a point absorber and a double-sided Halbach array mover and cored slotless stator is adopted as a linear electric generator. LEG with a double-sided Halbach array mover and cored slotless stator is designed with the input data such as the heave motion velocity and wave exciting forces in time-domain. The validity of designed LEG is confirmed by performing generating-characteristic-analysis under the sinusoidal motion of a buoy, based on the numerical techniques such as FE(Finite Element) analysis. In particular, an ECM(Equivalent Circuit Method) is employed as the design tool for the prediction of generating characteristics under irregular wave conditions. Finally, we confirm that the ECM gives reasonable and fast results without sacrifice of accuracy.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.5B
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• pp.370-376
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• 2012

The CSS(Chirp Spread Spectrum) technology is used for developing various WPAN(Wireless Personal Area Network) application fields in general, and it can be adapted to implement localization systems especially using SDS-TWR(Symmetric Double Sided - Two Way Ranging). But the ranging errors are occurred in many practical applications due to some interferences by some experiments. Thus, the compensation algorithm for localization is required for developing localization applications. The suggested compensation algorithm that is named KF_EDR(Kalman Filter and Equivalent Distance Rate) for localization in order to reduce the ranging errors is suggested in this paper. The KF_EDR compensation algorithm for localization is mainly composed of the AEDR(Algorithm of Equivalent Distance Rate) and the Kalman Filter. It is confirmed that the improved error ratio of the KF_EDR are 10.5% and 4.2% compared with the AEDR algorithm in lobby and stadium. From the results, it is analyzed that the KF_EDR can be widely used for some localization system in ubiquitous society.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.4B
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• pp.309-316
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• 2012

The compensation algorithm for localization using the least-squires method in NLOS(Non Line of Sight) environment is suggested and the performance of the algorithm is analyzed in this paper. In order to improve the localization correction rate of the moving node, 1) the distance value of the moving node that is moving as an constant speed is measured by SDS-TWR(Symmetric Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging); 2) the location of the moving node is measured using the triangulation scheme; 3) the location of the moving node measured in 2) is compensated using the least-squares method. By the experiments in NLOS environment, it is confirmed that the average localization error rates are measured to ${\pm}1m$, ${\pm}0.2m$ and ${\pm}0.1m$ by the triangulation scheme, the Kalman filter and the least-squires method respectively. As a result, we can see that the localization error rate of the suggested algorithm is higher than that of the triangulation as average 86.0% and the Kalman filter as average 16.0% respectively.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose an example of designing and constructing a roof-type solar power plant structure equipped with a Pseudo-BIPV (Building-Integrated Photovoltaic) shape suitable for use as a roof of a small warehouse with a sandwich-type panel structure. As the characteristics of the roof-type solar power generation facility to be installed in the small warehouse proposed in this study, the shape of the roof is not a general A type, but a right-angled triangle shape with the slope is designed to face south. We chose a structure in which an inverter for one power plant and a control facility are linked by grouping several roofs of buildings. In addition, the height of the roof structure is less than 20 cm from the floor, and it has a shape similar to that of the BIPV, so it is building-friendly because it is almost in close contact with the roof. At the same time, the roof creates a reflective light source due to the white color. By linking this roof with a double-sided solar panel, we designed it to obtain both the advantage of the roof-friendliness and the advantage of efficiency improvement for the electric power generation based on the double-sided panel. Compared to the existing solar power generation facilities using A-shaped cross-sectional modules, the power generation efficiency of roofs in this case is increased by more than 11%, which we can confirm, through the comparison analysis of monitoring data between power plants in the same area. Therefore, if the roof-type solar structure suitable for the small warehouse we have presented in this paper is used, the facilities of electric power generation is eco-friendly. Further it is easier to obtain facility certification compared to the BIPV, and improved capacity of the power generation can be secured at low material cost. It is believed that the roof-type solar power generation facility we proposed can be usefully used for warehouse or factory-based smart housing. Sensor devices for monitoring, CCTV monitoring, or safety and environment management, operating in connection with the solar power generation facilities, are linked with the Internet of Things (IoT) solution, so they can be monitored and controlled remotely.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 1992

Clinical experience of 21 patients with infective endocarditis was reviewed. Endocarditis involved the left-sided valve in 16 cases, the right-sided valve in 2, and PDA in the remaining 3 patients. Valve abnormalities included leaflet perforation in 9 patients, chordal rupture in 2,; annular abscess in 6; and aorticoleft atnal perforation in 2. Sixteen patients underwent valve replacement[aortic valve replacement in 7 patients, mitral replacement in 4 and double valve replacement in 5], two had VSD closure with pulmonary valve excision, three had ductus arteriousus closure. The patients were classified into two groups. I ] Healed endocarditis group: including the patients who had completed a planned cou-rseof antibiotic therapy[N=10], II ] Active endocarditis group: patients in which operations were performed prior to completetion of antibiotic treatment course[N=11]. The indications for operation included congestive heart failure, embolism, and persistent sepsis. Organisms were predominantly streptococcus[N=5] and staphylococcus [N=4] followed by candida, moraxella, and E-coli. By NYHA functional classification, all patients were in Class III or IV preoperatively. There was only one operative mortality in patient from group II. All patients substantially, improved postoperatively with NYHA classification in class I or II. This study shows that early surgical intervention in patients with active endocarditis has desirable outcome.