• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intakes and food lifestyles between double income families' children and full-time housewives' children. The subjects included 525 children ages 4 to 7 years old. The proportion of children receiving regular meals was 77.8%. One of the primary reasons for skipping breakfast was 'no appetite'(49.9%). In terms of food habit score 20.8% of the subjects belonged to the 'good' category and children from double income families had significantly higher scores than in full-time housewives' children(p<0.01). The first consideration for meal preparation was significantly different between the two types of families : for 44.3% of the children from it was double income families it was 'favorite', while for 42.8% of full-time housewives' children it was 'nutrition'(p<0.001). Mothers' attention to food for the health of their children was the primary reason in the response 'have regular meals each day'(90.6%). Vitamin C and fat intakes were significantly different between double income families' children and in full-time housewives' children(p<0.01, p<0.05). In conclusion, double income families' children have a lower frequency for eating breakfast and lower intakes of nutrients, such as Ca, P, K, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, and vitamin C than full-time housewives' ones.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

The study is attempted to help double-income families use resources efficiently and rationally by analyzing The Time Use each of working women and housewives having preschool children based on the data of The Time Use survey carried out in 2004 and promote understandings on their quality of life, lifestyle and family welfare. To this end, the study analyzes the actual The Time Use of double-income families haying preschool children. The findings of the study are as follows: First, according to the comparison of The Time Use between double-income families and single-income families in 1999 and 2004, there is no significant difference in husbands' participation time in family management or family care between 1999 and 2004. Second, according to the comparison of The Time Use between double-income families and single-income families depending on the presence or non-presence of preschool children, families haying preschool children spent much more hours in family care than families without preschool children. Third, according to the comparison of the weekend schedule between double-income families and single-income families, it is found that working women work much more than housewives not only on weekdays but also on weekends and in particular, it is found that working women having preschool children work 2 hours longer than housewives.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.459-474
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• 2023

This study aimed to examine the effect of parentification on the smartphone dependency of upper elementary school children in double-income families and to verify whether ambivalence over emotional expression and loneliness sequentially mediates the relationship between parentification and smartphone dependency. The participants were 311 upper-elementary school students (4th to 6th graders; 126 boys, 40.5%) in doubleincome households residing in Seoul, Gyeong-gi, and Incheon. The data were collected through an online self-report questionnaire completed by the participants and were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.7 software. The results can be summarized as follows. Firstly, the direct effect of parentification on the smartphone dependency of the children from double-income families was statistically insignificant. Secondly, ambivalence over emotional expression mediated the effect of parentification on smartphone dependency, while loneliness did not. Lastly, parentification influenced smartphone dependency through the sequential mediating channel of ambivalence over emotional expression and loneliness. In conclusion, these findings indicate that interventions for smartphone-overdependent children from double-income families should place emphasis on children's psychological difficulties attributed to parentification. Specifically, this study highlights the importance of alleviating the levels of ambivalence over emotional expression and loneliness to address the issue of children's smartphone dependency in double-income families, suggesting possible involvement and support at both household and societal levels.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2016

Currently, there is a gradual increase in double-income households in our country, and one-child families gradually become the norm as well due to a decrease in the birth rate. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of spatial use and furniture arrangements in the residential spaces of one-child double-income households in an effort to be of use for spatial planning suitable for their living. 30 cases of double-income households whose children's ages ranged from infancy to secondary school years were visited to have in-depth interviews and make on-site inspections. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the most common spatial use pattern for three bedrooms was using one for the parents, another for their child and the third for personal computers and clothing storage. It signified that the parents and their child used one room respectively, and that there were personal computers and clothing in the third room. Second, as for the pattern of using the rooms according to furniture arrangements, there were great disparities in that regard according to child age. It implies that there were differences in their living and needs for furniture arrangements according to their children's growth. The findings of the study made it possible to determine the state of living in the double-income households in detail, and suggest that differentiated house planning is required depending on children's age groups.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.27-47
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• 2011

본 연구는 영아교사와 어머니의 직 간접적인 관계를 통해 맞벌이 어머니의 시각에서 바라본 '좋은 영아교사'란 무엇인지 특성을 살펴보고자 한다. 조사대상은 충청남도 천안시에 위치한 N어린이집과 S어린이집에 다니고 있는 영아기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 어머니 6명이며 2011년 2월 26일부터 2011년 3월 13일까지 총 2회의 개별적인 만남을 통한 심층면담으로 조사가 이루어졌다. 자료 수집은 녹음, 현장노트, 활동자료집을 이용하였으며 자료 분석은 귀납적 범주 분석의 방법을 사용하여 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 아이와의 관계에서 맞벌이 어머니가 인식하는 '좋은 영아교사'는 '엄마 같은 교사', '아이가 성장하고 변화함에 노력하는 교사', '신나게 놀아주는 교사'라고 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 엄마와의 관계에서 맞벌이 어머니가 인식하는 '좋은 영아교사'는 '엄마의 정서적 지지자로서의 교사', '양육적인 지식에 도움을 주는 교사'로 인식하고 있었다. 셋째, 교사자신의 측면에서 맞벌이 어머니가 인식하는 '좋은 영아교사'는 '한결같은 교사', '진실성을 지닌 교사', '전문성을 지닌 교사', '상호 협력적인 교사'라고 인식하고 있었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the patterns of income and household expense arrangements within dual-income families. The data was obtained from the F-GENS Korea Panel Survey of Ochanomizu University. The responses were gathered from both married and unmarried people, primarily in Seoul and the metropolitan area, of ages ranging from 25 to 44. The sample for this study was comprised of data from 399 double-income households. Crosstab and multinominal logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows. First, dual-income families choose a pooling system as their income arrangement. Second, variables determining the income arrangement were the husband's age, school attainment, annual average income, and average working hour per day. Third, variables that affected the household expenses arrangement included the husband's level of schooling attained and the husband’s job type. Fourth, the ideology of the economic community effected both the income and household expenses arrangement.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.179-192
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the variable factors influencing children's interpersonal relationship skills and analyze the effects of marital perspective-taking ability, managing responses of young children and emotional intelligence on the interpersonal relationship skills of children. The study subjects were young children aged from four to seven attending private kindergartens or public day care centers in Seoul or Kyeongki-do and their mothers. The results are as follows : 1) First, marital perspective-taking abilities were indicated higher on boys than girls, children in a full-day program than those in a half-day program, university graduates or higher degree holders than collage graduates, single-income families than double-income families. In case of managing responses of young children, boys showed high avoidance of offensive disposition and girls showed high emotions dissipation. Also, young children in a full-day program showed non-responses on managing responses but high responses on emotions dissipation, and children of mothers with bachelor's degree or higher education showed support and children from double-income family showed no responses in high. Moreover, emotional intelligence of young children in a full-day program was higher than that of children in a half-day program, interpersonal relationship skills were showed higher on girls than boys, half-day children than full-day ones, children from single-income family than those from double-income family. 2) Meaningful relationships were indicated between these variables; managing responses of young children, emotional intelligence and interpersonal relationship skills by partly showing correlations. 3) Children in a half-day program with low in emotions dissipation, non-responses, offensive dispositional managing responses but high on Avoid, emotional intelligence showed high interpersonal relationship skills.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

This study is aimed to be used as basic data to plan Korean style cohousing for double-income families in the future by studying their lifestyle, housing needs and housing awareness on cohousing. The results of the study are as follows. 1) As for the life style of the subject families, it was a housewife that mainly does the household affairs despite of the status of double-income family. Also, as for the social activity, almost half of the respondents said that the spending in child-care facilities was not sufficient and wanted to send their children to ones within their neighborhood. 2) As far as housing awareness on cohousing concerned, among specific items, the child care area, the household affairs division area, and participatory awareness of residents in housing planning and management got higher scores, while as for awareness on utilizing common space, using the common hobby rooms, promenades and benches, exercise facilities, common yard, and study rooms got higher scores. When asked about the necessity for cohousing in Korea, they gave very positive answers, but the answer to their willingness to reside in it was less positive. 3) Summarizing the housing needs on cohousing, it turned out that more people wanted to reside in suburban area with others having common grounds with them as for a desirable residence environment. They wanted the neighborhood to be composed of 10${\sim}$29 families, and medium-density semi-detached house occupied by owners. They wanted a mixture of independent management and entrust management for managing common facilities, and common meal once a week. They wanted indoor exercise facilities to be more extended than other common facilities, and the house of $100m^{2}{\sim}130m^{2}$ with 3 bedrooms, 2 bath rooms, and a large living room and dining room.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.99-116
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the frequencies of family leisure activities and family meals and family closeness on the sociality of elementary school children. From October 1 to November 30, 2010, data were collected from 290 elementary school children and their parents residing in Seoul and Incheon. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, there was a significant difference between double-income and single-income families in the frequency of family meals single-income families enjoyed fewer family leisure activities and more family meals than double-income families did. Second, the levels of family closeness were significantly predicted by the frequencies of family leisure activities and family meals, and family meals more significantly predicted the levels of family closeness than did family leisure activities. Finally, the frequencies of family leisure activities and family meals significantly predicted the levels of children's sociality, as did the levels of family closeness. In conclusion, family leisure and family meals are important activities that enhance family closeness and children's sociality.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

Determinants of consumption patterns of elderly couple and elderly single were investigated using the 1996 National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure by National Statistical Office. There were large differences in consumption patterns between the elderly couple and single in terms of monthly expenditures and average budget shares of individual consumption items. Consumption functions of individual items were estimated using double-log function. Major determinants of consumption functions were income, overspending behavior, educational level of householder, and net worth for both groups, householder's job status and city residence mainly for elderly couple, and age of householder mainly for elderly single. In addition, income elasticity of elderly households was larger than net worth elasticity for all consumption items.