• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.894-898
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• 2011

Purpose: Coverage of full-thickness large flank defect is a challenging procedure for plastic surgeons. Some authors have reported external oblique turnover muscle flap with skin grafting, inferiorly based rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap, and two independent pedicled perforator flaps for flank reconstruction. But these flaps can cover only certain portions of the flank and may not be helpful for larger or more lateral defects. We report a case of large flank defect after resection of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma which is successfully reconstructed with reverse latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. Methods: A 24-year-old male patient had $13.0{\times}7.0{\times}14.0$ cm sized Ewing's sarcoma on his right flank area. Department of chest surgery and general surgery operation team resected the mass with 5.0 cm safety margin. Tenth, eleventh and twelfth ribs, latissimus dorsi muscle, internal and external oblique muscles and peritoneum were partially resected. The peritoneal defect was repaired with double layer of Prolene mesh by general surgeons. $24{\times}25$ cm sized soft tissue defect was noted and the authors designed reverse latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap with $21{\times}10$ cm sized skin island on right back area. To achieve sufficient arc of rotation, the cephalic border of the origin of latissimus dorsi muscle was divided, and during this procedure, ninth intercostal vessels were also divided. The thoracodorsal vessels were ligated for 15 minutes before divided to validate sufficient vascular supply of the flap by intercostal arteries. Results: Mild congestion was found on distal portion of the skin island on the next day of operation but improved in two days with conservative management. Stitches were removed in postoperative 3 weeks. The flap was totally viable. Conclusion: The authors reconstructed large soft tissue defect on right flank area successfully with reverse latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap even though ninth intercostal vessel that partially nourishes the flap was divided. The reverse latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap can be used for coverage of large soft tissue defects on flank area as well as lower back area.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.205-240
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• 1992

In reality, it is a green revolution of the entire agricultural matrix in Korea that integrated pest control plays an important role in the possible breakthrough in rice self-sufficiency. In paddy agroecosystem as man-modified environment, rice is newly established every year by transplantation under diverse water regimes which affect a microclimate. Standing water benefits rice by regulating the microclimate, but it favors the multiplication of certain pets through the amelioration of the microclimate. Further, the introduction of high yielding varieties with the changing of cultural practices results in changing occurrence pattern of certain pests. In general, japonica type varieties lack genes resistant to most of the important pests and insect-borne virus diseases, whereas indica type possesses more genes conferring varietal resistance. Thus, this differences among indica type, form the background of different approaches to pest management. The changes in rice cultivation such as double cropping, growing high-yielding varieties requiring heavy fertilization, earlier transplanting, intensvie-spacing transplanting, and intensive pesticide use as a consequence of the adoption of improves rice production technology, have intensified the pest problems rather than reduced them. The cultivation of resistant varieties are highly effective to the pest, their long term stability is threathened because of the development of new biotypes which can detroy these varieties. So far, three biotypes of N. lugens are reported in Korea. Since each resistant variety is expected to maintain several years the sequential release of another new variety with a different gene at intervals is practised as a gene rotation program. Another approach, breeding multilines that have more than two genes for resistance in a variety are successfully demonstrated. The average annual rice losses during the last 15 years of 1977-’91 are 9.3% due to insect pests without chemical control undertaken, wehreas there is a average 2.4% despite farmers’insecticide application at the same period. In other words, the average annual losses are prvented by 6.9% when chemical control is properly employed. However, the continuous use of a same group of insecticides is followed by the development of pest resistance. Resistant development of C. suppressalis, L. striatellus and N. cincticeps is observed to organophosphorous insecticides by the mid-1960s, and to carbamates by the early 1970s in various parts of the country. Thus, it is apparent that a scheduled chemical control for rice production systems becomes uneconomical and that a reduction in energy input without impairing the rice yield, is necessarily improved through the implementation of integrated pest management systems. Nationwide pest forecasting system conducted by the government organization is a unique network of investigation for purpose of making pest control timely in terms of economic thresholds. A wise plant protection is expected to establish pest management systems in appropriate integration of resistant varieties, biological agents, cultural practices and other measures in harmony with minimizing use of chemical applications as a last weapon relying on economic thresholds.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2001

The prevalence of supernumerary teeth is between $1{\sim}3%$. Of these, $90{\sim}98%$ occur in the maxilla with particular predilection for the premaxilla, preceded by mandibular third premolars, mandibular forth molars and maxillary paramolars. The most common ones occur in the maxillary anterior region, they may occur singly between the central incisors(mesiodens), or they may be double(mesiodentes). Maxillary anterior supernumeraries may erupt into the oral cavity or remain unerupted. It is found that approximately 25% are erupted, while the rest are unerupted. They are usually a small tooth with a cone-shaped crown and a short root. They may cause delayed eruption, median diastema, bodily displacement or rotation of the adjacent permanent teeth. Occasionally they may lead to the developement of dentigerous cyst or primordial cyst, or eruption into nasal cavity. In this study, 109 supernumeraries surgically extracted from premaxilla in 84 patients are analysed. The results are as follows : 1. Sex distribution of male and female is 2.2 : 1. 2. Almost cases are in pediatric age from 5 to 12 years old (87%). 3. Problems with supernumeraries are tooth malpositon, diastema, delayed eruption, eruption to nasal cavity and cyst formation. 4. Of 109 supernumeraries, 16(15%) are erupted into oral cavity, 92(84%) are impacted, and 1(1%) is erupted into nasal cavity. 5. Of 84 patients, 59(70%) have one supernumeray while 25(30%) have two supernumeraries. 6. Of 109 supernumeraries, 96(88%) are found within the region of the central incisors. 7. Of 109 supernumeraries, 94(86%) are vertically impacted, 11(10%) are horizontally impacted, 3(3%) are labiopalatally impacted and 1(1%) is impacted in nasal cavity. 8. Of 84 patients, we used palatal flap in 67(80%), labial flap in 6(7%), both flaps in 4(5%) and no flap in 7(8%). And incisive nerve was cut in 33(49%) of 67 palatal flaps. 9. Extration with ostectomy was done in 72 supernumeraries(66%), without ostectomy in 37 teeth(34%). 10. Extraction with tooth sectioning was done in 21 supernumeraries(19%), without tooth sectioning was done in 88 teeth(81%). 11. We used local anesthesia in 70 patients(83%) and general anesthesia in 14 ones(17%).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2020

Alstroemeria plants were transformed by using an improved particle-gun-mediated transformation system. Friable embryogenic callus (FEC) induced from the leaves with axil tissues of Alstroemeria plant was used as the target tissue. Also, FEC was transformed with the bar gene was used as a selectable marker. In the case of plasmid pAHC25, 7.5% of the twice-bombarded FEC clumps showed blue foci, whereas the clumps with single bombardment showed only 2.3%. Additionally, a 90° rotation with double bombardment led to a higher frequency (6 times) of luciferase gene expression in PBL9780 than the control treatment. After 8 weeks of bombardment, more than 60 independent transgenic lines were obtained for pAHC25 and nearly 150 independent transgenic lines were obtained for PBL9780, all of which were resistant to PPT and demonstrated either GUS or luciferase activity. Regarding effect of osmotic treatment (0.2 M mannitol) with 7 different periods, the highest transient gene expression was obtained in 8 h before and 16 h after transformation in both pAHC25 and PBL9780. Compared with the control, at least three times more GUS foci and photons were observed in this treatment. With respect to different combinations of mannitol and sorbitol with 8 h before and 16 h after transformation, high numbers of transient and stable transgene expressions were observed in both 0.2 M mannitol and 0.2 M sorbitol used in the osmotic pre-culture. This combination showed the highest transformation efficiency in both pAHC25 (8.5%) and PBL9780 (14.5%). In the control treatment, only 10% of the FEC clumps produced somatic embryos. However, by using 0.2 M mannitol and 0.2 M sorbitol, the frequency of somatic embryos increased to 36.5% (pAHC25) and 22.9% (PBL9780). Of the somatic embryos produced, at least 60% germinated. Approximately 100 somatic embryos from these 210 independent transgenic lines from 2 plasmids developed into shoots, which were then transferred to the greenhouse. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of the bar gene. This is the report on the production of transgenic Alstroemeria plants by using particle bombardment with a high efficiency, thereby providing a new alternative for the transferring of gene of interests in Alstroemeria in the breeding program in the future.

• 천문학논총
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.79-95
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• 2021

This study aims to develop a restoration model of an armillary sphere of Tongcheon-ui (Pan-celestial Armillary Sphere) by referring to the records of Damheonseo (Hong Dae-Yong Anthology) and the artifact of an armillary sphere in the Korean Christian Museum of Soongsil University. Between 1760 and 1762, Hong, Dae-Yong (1731-1783) built Tongcheon-ui, with Na, Kyung-Jeok (1690-1762) designing the basic structure and Ann, Cheo-In (1710-1787) completing the assembly. The model in this study is a spherical body with a diameter of 510 mm. Tongcheon-ui operates the armillary sphere by transmitting the rotational power from the lantern clock. The armillary sphere is constructed in the fashion of a two-layer sphere: the outer one is Yukhab-ui that is fixed; and the inner one, Samsin-ui, is rotated around the polar axis. In the equatorial ring possessed by Samsin-ui, an ecliptic ring and a lunar-path ring are successively fixed and are tilted by 23.5° and 28.5° over the equatorial ring, respectively. A solar miniature attached to a 365-toothed inner gear on the ecliptic ring reproduces the annual motion of the Sun. A lunar miniature installed on a 114-toothed inner gear of the lunar-path ring can also replay the moon's orbital motion and phase change. By the set of 'a ratchet gear, a shaft and a spur gear' installed in the solstice-colure double-ring, the inner gears in the ecliptic ring and lunar-path ring can be rotated in the opposite direction to the rotation of Samsin-ui and then the solar and lunar miniatures can simulate their revolution over the period of a year and a month, respectively. In order to indicate the change of the moon phases, 27 pins were arranged in a uniform circle around the lunar-path ring, and the 29-toothed wheel is fixed under the solar miniature. At the center of the armillary sphere, an earth plate representing a world map is fixed horizontally. Tongcheon-ui is the armillary sphere clock developed by Confucian scholars in the late Joseon Dynasty, and the technical level at which astronomical clocks could be produced at the time is of a high standard.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 간암 환자를 대상으로 3차원입체조형치료와 세기조절방사선치료와 3종류의 래피드아크 치료를 위한 치료계획을 수행하여 각각의 선량분포와 선량 체적 히스토그램(Dose Volume Histogram, DVH)의 특성을 비교, 평가하고 이를 통해 래피드아크 치료 환자에 대한 적절한 갠트리 회전수의 범위를 제시하고자 하였다. 치료계획은 작은 종양의 용적을 가지며 내부 장기 및 종양의 움직임이 비교적 작은 간암환자를 대상으로 3차원입체조형치료와 세기조절방사선치료와 더블아크(double arcs)와 제한적인 트리플아크(limited triple arcs)와 멀티플아크(multiple arcs)치료에 대해 Eclipse 8.6 버전에서 시행하였다. 또한 치료계획 시 임상표적용적(Clinical Target Volume, CTV)과 치료표적용적(Planning Target Volume, PTV)에 동일한 최적화 조건을 적용하였고, 각각의 정상조직에는 개별적인 선량 제한치 적용대신 종양 주변 정상조직에서의 선량 감소율을 일괄적으로 적용하였다. 임상표적용적과 치료표적용적의 전체 몸에 적용한 치료계획 선량 제한치에 대한 실제 계산결과의 만족도는 래피드아크가 세기조절방사선치료보다 높았으며 래피드아크에서 더블아크와 제한적인 트리플아크와 멀티플아크는 만족도가 거의 동일하였다. 또한 각 치료계획에서 치료표적용적에 계획한 선량 제한치에 따라 SALT group이 제안한 Conformity Index (CI)가 0.98인 선량 분포범위에 처방선량을 결정하였다. 이때 RTOG에서 제안한 CI, Homogeneity Index (HI), Quality of Coverage (QOC)와 Lomax and Scheib에서 제안한 Healthy tissue conformity index (HTCI) 등을 평가하였다. 항목별로 차이는 있지만 총체적인 평가 결과는 멀티플아크가 전체적으로 좋았으며 모니터 단위 값의 비교에서도 멀티플아크가 가장 작았다. 본 연구를 통하여 래피드아크 치료는 기존에 시행하고 있는 3차원입체조형치료 또는 세기조절방사선치료 기법보다 더욱 최적의 선량 분포를 구현한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 래피드아크 치료계획에서 멀티플아크 치료계획은 더블 또는 제한된 트리플아크 치료계획보다 모니터 단위 값이 작고, 선량의 균질성 및 종양내의 최소선량은 비슷하거나 좋아지는 동시에 주변 정상조직에는 선량이 감소되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2010

국내 난방제 해충의 하나인 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella)을 방제하기 위하여 사용되어온 상업용 Bacillus thuringiensis 제품들을 이용하여 국내 6개 지역에서 채집한 지역계통과 2개의 감수성계통 배추좀나방에 대한 저항성 발달정도를 검토하였다. 상품화된 B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki 계통인 Tyuneup$^{(R)}$, Thuricide$^{(R)}$, Geumulmang$^{(R)}$ 등 3제품과 B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 계통인 Tobagi$^{(R)}$, Scorpion$^{(R)}$ 등 2제품을 이용하였다. 공시충으로 사용된 배추좀나방은 계대사육중인 감수성개체군 NP와 GR 2종류이며, 전국의 배추밭에서 채집한 SP, HS, NM, DR, HC, HW개체군 등 6종류를 야외 개체군으로 사용하였다. Tyuneup$^{(R)}$ 제품의 생물검정에서 감수성 계통인 고령지시험장계통의 GR과 비교해 SP 개체군은 4.8배를 그리고 HS 개체군은 2.5배의 저항성발달을 보였다. Geumulmang$^{(R)}$ 제품의 경우에는 감수성계통인 NP 개체군에 비하여 SP 개체군에서 9.9배와 NM 개체군에서 6.8배정도의 저항성을 나타냈다. Tobagi$^{(R)}$는 HS 개체군에서 GR 개체군에 비해 14배의 저항성을 보여 가장 높게 나타났다. 그러나 동일 계통의 Scorpion$^{(R)}$은 SP 개체군에 약 2배정도의 저항성을 보여주고 있을 뿐이다. 이러한 결과는 어떤 특정한 B. thuringiensis 제품이 특정지역에 집중적으로 계속 사용함으로서 저항성이 발달되는 것으로 판단되며 종류가 다른 B. thuringiensis 제품을 교호 살포해야 할 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 Tobagi$^{(R)}$에 14배의 저항성 발달을 보인 HS 개체군을 실험실에서 동일약제에 연속으로 노출시켰을 때 $F_2$세대에서는 급격히 저항성 수치가 떨어져 1.1로 나타나 저항성 기작의 검토가 필요하다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.164-174
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• 2003

배경: 너스 수술은 최근에 개발된 금속막대를 이용한 누두흉의 최소 침습 수술법이다. 수술 수기가 간단하고 작은 흉터로 교정 모양이 양호하여 호평을 받고 있다. 그러나 지금까지 복합형태의 누두흉은 교정이 어려워 표준형 소아 환자들에게만 적용되어 왔다. 저자들은 새로 개발된 비대칭형이나 성인의 누두흉의 교정을 위한 변형 기법들을 이용하여 얻은 수술 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 8월부터 2002년 6월까지 본원에서 너스 수술법 및 변형 기법으로 수술한 322명을 대상으로 하였다. 그 중 71명(22%)은 성인이었다. 정밀한 교정을 위하여 누두흉의 형태를 분류하였다. 대칭형과 비대칭형으로 나누고 비대칭형은 편심형과 불균형형으로 세분하였다. 수술 시에 대칭형으로 교정하기 위하여 막대를 여러 가지 모양으로 구부려 사용하였다. 결과: 형태분류 상 대칭형은 57.5%(185/322)였고 비대칭형은 42.5% (137/322)였다. 비대칭형의 아형으로서 편심형, 불균형형 및 복합형은 각각 71, 47, 19명이었나. 수술의 주변형 기법은 막대의 형태와 고정법에 관한 것이었다. 비대칭형 누두흉 125명(38.8%)에게 여러 모양의 비대칭형 막대가 적용되었다. 성인 환자 51명(15.8%)에게 이중 막대 기법이나 복합형 막대 기법이 적용되었다. 막대의 편위를 방지하기 위한 고정법으로서 철사를 이용한 늑골의 다지점 고정법을 사용하였다. 수술 후 주요 합병증은 기흉이 24명(7.5%), 막대 편위가 11명(3.4%)이었다. 너스 수술 후 2년이 경과한 42명이 막대 제거 수술을 받았다. 걸론: 너스 수술법은 안전하고 효과적이었다. 누두흉의 형태를 정밀하게 분류하고 이에 따른 적확한 변형 기법을 적용함으로써 비대칭형과 성인 누두흉 등, 모든 형태의 누두흉을 교정할 수 있었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.360-367
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• 2011

녹비작물의 이용은 화학비료를 대체할 뿐만 아니라 토양의 지속성을 유지시킬 수 있는 방법 중의 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 동계기간 지속적으로 헤어리베치와 보리를 재배하고 이를 토양환원한 뒤 벼를 재배하는 윤작체계가 벼의 수량과 논 잡초 발생에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 손제초구에서 벼의 수량은 관행구와 비교하여 헤어리베치 재배구 및 헤어리베치와 보리 혼파구에서 각각 93%와 90%의 수량을 확보하였으나 보리 재배구는 79%수준이었다. 무제초구에서는 헤어리베치 재배구에서 관행구와 비슷한 수준이었고 헤어리베치와 보리 혼파구는 83%, 보리재배구는 54%수준으로 수량이 감소하였다. 벼의 최고분얼기의 논에서 발생한 잡초는 관행구에서는 물달개비가 포함된 6종이었고, 헤어리베치 재배구와 보리 재배구는 각 5종, 헤어리베치와 보리 혼파구는 2종(여뀌바늘, 돌피)이 발생하였다. 이들 잡초의 건물중은 헤어리베치 재배구와 보리 재배구에서 관행구보다 감소하였고 헤어리베치와 보리 혼파구에서 증가하였다. 헤어리베치 재배구에서는 방동사니과 잡초의 발생이 현저히 감소되었다. 피의 발생량은 관행구를 비롯하여 모든 처리구에서 다른 잡초보다 현저히 낮았으나 피가 차지하는 건물중 비율은 현저히 증가하였다.