• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.120-126
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• 2001

The widely used spot welded section members of vehicles are structures which absorb most of the energy in a front-end collision. In front-end collision, sufficiently absorbed in the front parts, the impact energy does not reach the passengers. Simultaneously, the frame gets less damaged. This structures have to be very stiff, but collapse progressively to absorb the kinetic energy as expected. In the view of stiffness, the double-hat shaped section member is stiffer than the hat shaped section member. In progress of collapse, the hat shaped section member is collapsing progressively, but the double-hat shaped section member does not due to stiffness. An analysis on the hat shaped section member was previously completed. This paper concerns the collapse characteristic of the double-hat shaped section member. In the program system presented in this study, an explicit finite element code, LS-DYNA3D is adopted for simulating complicate collapse behavior of double hat shaped section members with respect to spot weld pitches. And comparing with the results from the quasi-static and impact experiment, the simulation has been verified.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.924-932
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• 2004

In this study, the axial collapse tests were performed under either static (or quasi-static) or impact loads with several collapse velocities based on the expectation that para-closed sections of the front-end side members (spot welded hat and double hat shaped section members) would show quite different collapse characteristics from those for seamless section. The test results showed that both of the hat and double hat shaped section members failed in the stable sequential collapse mode in the static or quasi-static collapse tests, while the double hat shaped section members underwent the unstable collapse mode especially when the impact velocity is high. The mean collapse loads in the hat shaped section members increase with collapse velocity for all the cases of the static, quasi-static, and impact collapse tests. In the double hat shaped section members, however, the mean collapse loads decrease with increase in collapse velocity in the impact tests.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.78-78
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• 2002

Front-side members are structures with the greatest energy absorbing capability in a front-end collision of vehicles. This paper was performed to analyze initial collapse characteristics of spot welded hat and double hat-shaped section members, which are basic shape of side members, on the shift of flange weld pitches. The impact collapse tests were carried out by using home-made vertical air compression impact testing machine, and impact velocity of hat-shaped section members is 4.17m/sec and that of double hat-shaped section members is 6.54m/sec. In impact collapse tests, the collapsed length of hat-shaped section members was about 45mm and that of double hat-shaped section members was about 50mm. In consideration of these condition, axial static collapse tests(0.00017m/sec) of hat and double hat-shaped section members were carried out by using UTM which was limited displacement, about 50mm. As the experimental results, to obtain the best initial collapse characteristics, it is important that stiffness of vehicle members increases as section shapes change and the progressively folding mode induces by flange welding pitch.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.802-808
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• 2002

Front-side members are structures with the greatest energy absorbing capability in a front-end collision of vehicles. This paper was performed to analyze initial collapse characteristics of spot welded hat and double hat-shaped section members, which are basic shape of side members, on the shift of flange weld pitches. The impact collapse tests were carried out by using home-made vertical air compression impact testing machine, and impact velocity of hat-shaped section members is 4.17m/sec and that of double hat-shaped section members is 6.54m/sec. In impact collapse tests, the collapsed length of hat-shaped section members was about 45mm and that of double hat-shaped section members was about 50mm. In consideration of these condition, axial static collapse tests(0.00017m/sec) of hat and double hat-shaped section members were carried out by using UTM which was limited displacement, about 50mm. As the experimental results, to obtain the best initial collapse characteristics, it is important that stiffness of vehicle members increases as section shapes change and the progressively folding mode induces by flange welding pitch.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2003

The spot welded sections of automobiles (hat and double hat shaped sections) absorb most of the energy in a front-end collision. The target of this paper is to analyze the energy absorbing capacity of the structure against the front-end collision, and to obtain useful information for designing stage. Changed the spot welded pitches on the flanges, the hat and double hat shaped section members were tested on the axial collapse loads at various impact velocities. It was expected that para-closed sections would show collapse characteristics which be quite different from those of perfectly closed sections. Hat shaped section members were tested at the impact collapse velocities of 4.72m/sec, 6.54m/sec and 7.1m/sec and double hat shaped section members were tested at the impact collapse velocities of 6.54m/sec, 7.1 m/sec and 7.27m/sec.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.114-120
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• 2006

Front-end side members of vehicles are structures with the greatest energy absorbing capability in a front-end collision of vehicles. This paper was undertaken to analyze the energy absorption characteristics of spot welded hat and double hat-shaped section members under the axial collapse. The experiments were performed with respect to the various collapse velocities. It was expected that para-closed sections would show collapse characteristics which be quite different from those of perfectly closed sections. The collapse velocities were selected as follows: the velocities in the hat-shaped section members were 0.00017m/sec, 0.017m/sec, 4.7m/sec, 6.5m/sec, 6.8m/sec, 7.2m/sec, and 7.3m/sec those in the double hat-shaped section members were 0.00017m/sec, 0.017m/sec, 6.5m/sec, 6.8m/sec, 7.2m/sec 7.3m/sec, and 7.9m/sec. In the program system presented in this study, an explicit finite element code, LS-DYNA3D, is adopted for simulating complicated collapse behavior of the hat and double hat-shaped section members under the same condition of the collapse test. The validity of simulation was confirmed by the comparison between the simulation result and the collapse experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.192-199
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• 2000

The spot-welded automotive side member which has a hat-shaped section and a double hat shaped section has been tested on the axial static(10mm/min) and quasi-static(50mm/min) compressing load. The collapse characteristics of automotive sections have been reviews on shift on shape and in width of the spot-voiding on the flange. On the basis of the results of tests and reviews, the optimum energy absorption capacity of the structure has been studied.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.195-201
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• 2000

The fundamental spot welded sections of automobiles (hat-shaped and double hat-shaped sections) absorb most of the energy in a front impact collision. The sections of various thickness, shape and weld width on the flange lave been tested on axial impact crush load (Mass 40kg, Velocity 7.19m/sec) using a vertical air pressure crash est device Characteristics of impact collapse have been reviewed and a structure of optimal energy absorbing capacity is suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.865-870
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• 2012

CFRP of the advanced composite materials as structure materials for vehicles has a widely application in lightweight structural materials of air planes, ships and automobiles because of high strength and stiffness compared with conventional materials. This study is to investigate the energy absorption characteristics and collapse mode of CFRP single and double hat shaped structural member under the axial static collapse test. The CFRP single and double hat shaped structural members stacked at different angles (${\pm}15^{\circ}$, ${\pm}45^{\circ}$, ${\pm}90^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}/0^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ}/90^{\circ}$ where the direction on $0^{\circ}$ coincides with the axis of the member). The axial static collapse tests were carried out for each member. Collapse mode and energy absorption characteristics of the each member were analyzed.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the collapse characteristics of widely used spot welded section members (hat and double hat section, nembers of vehicles) which possess the greatest energy absorbing capacity In an axial impact collapse. This study also suggests how the collapse load and deformation mode are obtained under impact. In the program system presented in this study, an explicit finite element code, LS-DY7A3D, is adopted for simulating complicated collapse behavior of the hat and double hat shaped section members with respect to section dimensions and spot weld pitches. Comparing the results with experiments, the simulation has been verified under a velocity of 7.19 m/sec (impact energy of 1034J)