• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제5권
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• pp.205-220
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• 1987

The objective of this study is to examine the structure and transition of fertilization system in the 18th century. Especially, on the basis of this analysis, We can find the development of agricultural productivity in Chosun Dynasty. The improvement of fertilization method in the 18 century is found from all items -i,e-the time and object for fertilization, change of the concept in individual fertilizers. The transportation and the double - cropping of rice and barley in a paddy field had accomplished the improvement of fertilization method. Then, the development of agricultural productivity in a guarantee of higher fertilization method contributed directly to realize the consciousness of peasant's landownership.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2015년도 하계 학술발표논문집
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• pp.102-106
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• 2015

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Soil bacteria play important roles in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling during the non-growing season. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of soil management and chemical properties on the utilization of carbon sources by soil bacteria in paddy fields. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Biolog EcoPlate was used for analyzing community-level carbon substrate utilization profiles of soil bacteria. Soils were collected from the following three types of areas: plain, interface and mountain areas, which were tested to investigate the topology effect. The results of canonical correspondence analysis and Kendall rank correlation analysis showed that soil C/N ratio and NH₄⁺ influenced utilization of carbon sources by bacteria. The utilization of carbohydrates and complex carbon sources were positively correlated with NH₄⁺ concentration. Cultivated paddy fields were compared with adjacent abandoned fields to investigate the impact of cultivation cessation. The level of utilization of putrescine was lower in abandoned fields than in cultivated fields. Monoculture fields were compared with double cropping fields cultivated with barley to investigate the impact of winter crop cultivation. Cropping system altered bacterial use of carbon sources, as reflected by the enhanced utilization of 2-hydroxy benzoic acid under monoculture conditions. CONCLUSION: These results show that soil use intensity and topological characteristics have a minimal impact on soil bacterial functioning in relation to carbon substrate utilization. Moreover, soil chemical properties were found to be important factors determining the physiological profile of the soil bacterial community in paddy fields.

• 농촌계획
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2023

Uiseong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, one of the representative small rain regions, has developed a traditional irrigation farming system while overcoming and adapting to unfavorable agricultural environments from the days of the ancient nation of Jomunguk to the present. In 2018, its value was recognized and designated as Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage System No. 10. This study was conducted with the purpose of examining the characteristics of the traditional irrigation farming system in Uiseong from the viewpoints of irrigation facilities, irrigation communities, and agricultural activities. The research results are as follows. Uiseong-gun has been expanding irrigation facilities for agriculture since long ago, and it has been investigated that a total of 6,227 irrigation facilities are currently distributed along the Wicheon water system that crosses Uiseong-gun from east to west. Irrigation facilities appear differently depending on the topography. The irrigation facility has a 'su-tong' as an irrigation passage and a corkscrew structure 'mot-tchong' as a water quantity control device, so the amount of water was adjusted as needed. Through this facility, surface water with warmer temperature is supplied to the farmland to prevent cold damage to crops. Uiseong has developed activities to organize irrigation communities in one village or several villages to secure agricultural water from an early age. Currently, this tradition continues, and a total of 213 irrigation communities manage 375 irrigation facilities (6.0% of all irrigation facilities). Through this organization, called Mong-ri-gye, water for agriculture is obtained, managed, and distributed equitably. In order to increase agricultural production, Uiseong implemented double cropping by converting rice fields and fields. In the case of Mt. Geumseong, double cropping of rice and barley was mainly carried out until the 1970s, but since the 1980s, double cropping of rice and garlic has been implemented with higher income. One of the unique features of the agricultural system of this region is the spectacular landscape that changes simultaneously from field to rice field in spring and from rice field to field in autumn.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1999년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.102-144
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• 1999

The major problems of food crop cultivation in Korea are low yield of most crops except rice. inefficient cultivation techniques for aged farmers. and low international competibility. Therefore, development of cultivation techniques of food crops should aim the yield. quality improvement, labor reduction and production cost. The primary issue for increasing the yield of soybean, barely and wheat is to reduce the yield gap between the farmer's yield and recommended ones of experiment station. More advanced cultivation techniques needs to be developed. and/or the conventional breeding methods to be reconsidered. The newly developed labor-saving mechanized technique needs to reduce labor hours , and the cost of agricultural implements and machineries. In other words the labor-saving mechanized technique should be developed based on the improvement of total farming system as well as systemic fundamental innovation of cultural methods. The efficiency of solar energy use in food production of Korea in 1997 is as low as $0.52{\%}$ so there is much room to increase yield. It is recommendable that the concept of food Production should be changed to energy Producing efficiency Per unit area basis from volume and weight of food materials. Moreover, introduction of resonable cropping system is needed to increase yield of main crops, farmer's income, solar energy use efficiency, and decrease of land service expenditure. Current cropping system emphasized on economic crops. especially in vegetables , is not desirable for resonable use of arable land. stability of agricultural management and staple food crop self-sufficiency ratio. It is desirable to increase food crops . that are energy of carbohydrate and protein rich and land dependent crops. in cropping system. And the agronomist should develop the cultural methods to replace food crops for food self-sufficiency and stable farming management instead of economic crops in current cropping system. Low-input and environmentally-sound crop cultivation techniques, especially nitrogen-reducing culture technique which is directly related to food crop quality, also needs to be developed urgently. The extended cultivation of corn in upland and barely and wheat in lowland as a feed stuffs is recommended to prevent further decrease of food self-sufficiency ratio, which is mainly caused by the high reliance on imported feed grain. It is also considered that the calculation and presentation methods of standard agricultural income needs to be improved. The current calculation method uses unit land area of 10a regardless of crop kinds , characteristics of agricultural management and cultivation scale. So, it is apt to lead misunderstanding of farm income value. Therefore. it should show an income of average farmers for certain number of years. Research and developing system for food producing is not desirable because they are conducted currently individual crop and mono-culture basis. But actual agricultural income is usually earned by cropping system including upland and lowland. For example. the barley and wheat is usually cultivated in double cropping system. The cooperation among research institutes such as university agribusiness. government and farmers is indispensible. The public information and education on importance and consumption habit of food crops is necessary in Korean society to increase food self-sufficiency through nationwide cooperation.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.171-175
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• 1996

논에서의 물 관리(管理) 조건(條件), 이앙시기(移秧時期) 및 작부체계(作付體系)에 따른 피와 물달개비의 발생양상(發生樣相)을 비교(比較)하였다. 관개답(灌漑畓) 천수답(天水畓) 조건(條件)에서의 논 토양(土壞) 중 피 종자(種子) 저장량(貯藏量)은 큰 차이(差異)를 나타내지 않았으나, 물달개비 종자량(種子量)은 천수답(天水畓) 조건(條件)에서 약(約) 1.6배(倍)정도 많았다. 두 조건(條件)에서의 종자(種子) 분포(分布) 양상(樣相)은 표층(表層) 5cm 층위(層位)에 피는 전체종자량(全體種子量)의 50%가, 물달개비는 30%가 분포(分布)되었다. 물달개비는 두 조건(條件)에서 지표하(地表下) 25cm까지 분포(分布) 되었으나, 피는 지표하(地表下) 15cm까지만 분포(分布)되었다. 조기이앙시(早期移快時)에는 적기(適期)및 만기이앙시(晩期移快時)에 비하여 두 초종(草種)의 발생량(發生量)이 많았다. 벼 재배후(栽培後) 보리나 딸기와 같은 이모작(二毛作) 재배(栽培) 조건(條件)에서의 피나 물달개비의 발생(發生)보다는 벼만의 일모작(一毛作) 재배(栽培) 조건(條件)에서 발생량(發生量)이 현저하게 높았다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.178-181
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• 1996

황금재배실태(黃金栽培實態)와 문제점(問題點)을 파악(把握)하기 위하여 주산지(主産地)인 전남(全南) 여천군(麗川郡) 화양면(華楊面)에서 5년간(年間) 재배(栽培)한 결과(結果)를 대상(對象)으로 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 맥후작(麥後作) 황금직파재배시(黃金直播栽培時) 제초제(除草劑) 전용약제(專用藥劑) 개발(開發)이 시급(時急)하다(현재(現在)로서는 인력(人力)으로 제초작업(除草作業)이 이루어 지고 있으므로 노동력(勞動力)이 부족(不足)하다) 2. 조숙다수성(早熟多收性) 보리품종(品種) 개발(開發)이 시급(時急)하다. 3. 내병다수성(耐病多收性) 양질(良質)의 황금품종육성(黃金品種育成)이 시급(時急)하다. 4 병충해방제(病蟲害防除)는 농업(農業)의 사용(使用)이 아닌 영양요구시비(營養要求施肥)와 유기농법(有機農法)에 의한 내병충성(耐病蟲性) 재배법개선연구(栽培法改善硏究)가 시급(時急)하다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1995

벼 건답직파(乾짧直播) 재배답(栽培畓)에서의 잡초발생(雜草發生) 양상(樣相)을 구명(究明)하고 효과적(效果的)인 제초체계(除草體系) 확립(確立)을 위하여 1994년도에 영남농업시험장(領南農業試驗場)에서 수행(遂行)한 일련(一連)의 시험결과(試驗結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 단작(單作)의 1모작답(毛作畓)에 비하여 미맥(米麥) 2모작답(毛作畓)에서는 피를 비롯한 대부분의 잡초(雜草) 발생(發生)이 경감(輕減)되었고, 전체적(全體的)으로 약 30%정도(程度)의 잡초발생(雜草發生) 경감효과(輕減效果)가 있었으며, 벼수량(收量)도 증수(增收)되는 경향(傾向)이었다. 2. 성력화(省力化)를 위한 무경운(無耕耘) 재배(栽培)는 앵미와 이형주(異型株)의 발생(發生)을 증가(增加)시킬 뿐만 아니라 피와 독새풀의 발생(發生)도 급증(急增)하였다. 3. 피와 바랭이는 온도(溫度)가 낮을수록, 종자(種子)가 깊이 묻힐수록 출아(出芽)가 늦었으며, 동일(同一)한 조건(條件)(온도(溫度), 종자매몰심도(種子埋沒深度))에서 피는 바랭이 에비하여 3-5일(日) 출아(出芽)가 빨랐다. 출아율(出芽率)도 온도(溫度)와 매몰심도(埋沒深度)에 영향(影響)을 받았는데, 피는 온도(溫度)의 영향(影響)이 큰 반면(反面) 바랭이는 매몰심도(埋沒深度)의 영향(影響)이 컸다. 4. 수량성(收量性) 확보(確保)를 전제로한 바람직한 제초체계(除草體系)는 건답상태(乾畓狀態)(벼 출아기전후(出芽期前後))에서 1회처리(回處理)+담수상태(湛水狀態) l회(回)의 체계처리(體系處理)로서, 전(全) 생육기간(生育期間)에 걸쳐 90%정도(程度)의 제초효과(除草效果)를 나타내었으며, 수량성(收量性)도 손제초구(除草區) 대비(對比)90%를 상회(上廻)하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2004

영남지방 벼-보리 이모작답에서 가장 널리 시행되고 있는 보릿짚 처리방법인 소각이 대기환경에 미치는 영향을 소각시 발생하는 온난화가스, 대기오염가스 및 분진발생량을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 보릿짚 소각시 온난화가스 발생량은 $CO_2$ 376.8, $CH_4$ 1.56, $N_2O$ 0.05 kg/10a로서 $CO_2$의 발생량이 가장 많았으며, 대기 오염가스 중에는 유기물의 불완전 연소시 배출되는 CO발생 량이 28.8 kg/10a로서 가장 많았다. 그 외 SO_2$, $H_2S$, $NH_3$, NO 등의 질소 및 황 함유 유해가스도 소량 발생되었고 발생된 PM 10 분진의 대부분은 인체에 미치는 영향이 PM 10보다 큰 PM 2.5로 이루어져 있었다. 또한 수확시기가 빠르거나 수분함량이 높은 보릿짚일수록 온난화가스 및 대기오염 가스의 발생량이 증가하고 소각 연기 내 PM 10분진 중 PM 2.5의 미세분진 비중이 높았다. 수확적기로 알려진 출수 40일 이후의 보릿짚은 출수 후 40일된 보릿짚 소각시 발생하는 대기오염가스 발생량과 큰 차이가 없었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1978

흑색(黑色) 화산회토(火山灰土)에 있어서 인산(燐酸)의 시비량(施肥量)과 시비법(施肥法) 그리고 규산(珪酸)의 시용효과(施用效果)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 제일작(第一作) 콩 파종시(播種時)에 처리(處理)하여 제이작(第二作) 보리 및 제삼작(第三作) 콩에서 잔효(殘效)를 보았는바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 인산(燐酸)의 한계시용량(限界施用量)은 대체(大體)로 콩에서는 10~20kg10a, 보리에서는 약(約) 100kg10a로 볼 수 있었다. 인산(燐酸)의 시용응수(施肥應酬)는 콩에서 낮고 보리에서 높기 때문에 보리 재배(栽培)를 위(爲)하여는 토양개량(土壤改良)이 우선(優先) 되어야 하며 인산(燐酸) 100kg/10a를 시용(施用)했을 때 생산력(生産力)은 2배(倍)로 증가(增加)되었다. 2. 유효인산(有效燐酸) 함량(含量)은 인산(燐酸) l00kg/10a를 시용(施用)했을 때 제일작(第一作) 수확후(收穫後) 토양(土壤)에서 175ppm이었으나 제이작(第二作) 수확후(收穫後) 토양(土壤)에서는 69ppm으로 떨어졌고 인산(燐酸) 흡수계수(吸收係數)는 1,146mg/100g에서 1,764mg/100g으로 높아졌다. 원토양(原土壤)의 유효인산(有效燐酸) 및 인산흡수계수(燐酸吸收係數)는 33ppm 및 2,290mg/100g이었다. 3. 인산(燐酸)의 가장 효율적(效率約)인 시용방법(施肥方法)은 퇴비혼용파조시용법(堆肥 混用播條施肥法)이었으며 그 잔효(殘效)는 제삼작(第三作)에 까지 크게 나타났다. 4. 충분량(充分量)의 인산시용(燐酸施用) 조건하(條件下)에서 검토(檢討)된 규회석(珪灰石)의 효과(效果)는 매우 컸고 그 잔효(殘效)도 삼작(三作)에 까지 크게 나타났다. 5. 규회석(珪灰石)의 효과(效果)는 보리에서 보다 콩에서 더욱 컸다. 즉 일작(一作) 콩에서 30% 이작(二作) 보리에서 12%(잔효(殘效)), 삼작(三作) 콩에서 20%(잔효(殘效))의 증수효과(增收效果)를 보였다. 최고수량(最高收量)은 콩에서 1,000kg/10a, 보리에서 500kg/10a 시용구(施用區)에서 나타났다.