• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1478-1487
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• 2005

A small mixed-type turbine with a diameter of 19.9 mm has been substituted for a rotational part of pencil-type air tool. Usually, a vane-type rotor is applied to the rotational part of the air tool. However, the vane-type rotor has some problems, such as friction, abrasion, and necessity of accurate assembly etc.,. These problems make the life time of the vane-type air tool short, but air tools operated by mixed-type turbines are free of friction and abrasion because the turbine rotor dose not contact with the casing. Moreover, it is assembled easily because of no axis offset. These characteristics are merits for using air tools, but loss of power is inevitable on a non-contacting type rotor due to flow loss, tip clearance loss, and profile loss etc.,. In this study, four different rotors are tested, and their characteristics are investigated by measuring the specific output power. Additionally, optimum nozzle location against the rotor is studied. Output powers are obtained through measured pressure, temperature, torque, rotational speed, and flow rate. The experimental results obtained with four different rotors show that the rotor blade shape greatly influences to the performance, and the optimum nozzle location exists near the mid span of the rotor.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 2016

Placenta accrete patients whose mother mortality rates are rather high due to massive bleeding during childbirth need to have Prophylactic placement of Internal Iliac Artery Balloon Occlusion Catheters procedure to reduce amount of blood loss and inoperative transfusion. Nevertheless, studies for mothers inevitably exposed to dose during PIIABOCs procedure have not been published many yet. Therefore, this study is to investigate exact information on radiation dose exposed to fetus during PIIABOCs procedure. Average effective dose of fetus per organ is 2.38~8.83 mGy, measured highest at beam center and followed by eyeball, stomach and bladder. The result showed that the longer fluoroscopy time is used, the closer beam center is and the thicker abdominal thickness is, the more effective dose on fetus is increasing. When using the collimator and protection shown to decrease the effective dose and when using higher the patient table shown to decrease the effective dose. It has been reported that the threshold of deterministic effect is about 100mGy. Deterministic effect was regarded as a factor that would influence on fetus exposed by medical radiation than stochastic effect. Consequently, it concluded that dose exposed on fetus in PIIABOCs procedure was approximately 10% of threshold of deterministic effect with effective dose of 0.49~18.27 mGy.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.235-253
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• 1992

A subacute toxicity study of cis-Malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane]platinum(II)(SKI 2053R) was carried out to obtain information on its toxicological profiles, and to determine the maximum tolerated dose in beagle dogs. Four groups of beagle dogs (2M and 2F per group, 0,0.5,1.0,2.0mg/kg/day)were given 15 i.v. injections of SKI 2053R. In order to compare the toxic effects of SKI 2053R with those of cisplatin, one group was treated with cisplatin(0.7mg/kg/day)according to the same treatment schedule. The dosing schedule was divided into 3 courses of 5 consecutive days with 23-day dose-free intervals between each course. After completion of the treatments, remaining dogs were necropsied under established guidelines. Three of four dogs in the high dose group and one of four dogs in the middle dose group treated with SKI 2053R died of hypovolemic shock secondary to hemorrhagic and ulcerative enterocolitis. No toxicity-related mortality occurred in the low dose group of SKI 2053R. No survivor was observed in the group of cisplatin. Clinical signs including vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and loss body weight were apparent in dogs given either cisplatin or high and middle doses of SKI 2053R. Severe thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia were observed in the high dose group of SKI 2053R and cisplatin-treatment group, while toxicities as bone marrow suppression were reversible. The significant elevation of serum ALP values in group of SKI 2053R(2.0 mg/kg/day and 1.0mg/kg/day) and cisplatin(0.7mg/kg/day)was observed. Slight proteinuria waa observed in high and middle dose level groups of SKI 2053R. In histopathological examinations, pathological alterations of liver, kidney and spleen were noted dose-dependantly in dogs treated with SKI 2053R, and there was no overt sign of toxicity in low dose group of SKI 2053R. Compared to SKI 2053R, more severe durg-related toxicities occurred in dogs treated with cisplatin. It waw estimated that maximum tolerated dose of SKI 2053R in this treatment schedule was 0.5~0.7mg/kg/day. In conclusion, overall toxic potential of SKI 2053R was approximately 3 times lower than that of cisplatin with respect of lethality.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2020

Background: To investigate radiological effects on biota, it is necessary to assess radiation dose for flora and fauna living in a terrestrial ecosystem. This paper presents a dynamic model to assess radioactivity concentration and radiation dose of terrestrial flora and fauna after a nuclear accident. Materials and Methods: Litter, organic soil, mineral soil, trees, wild crops, herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores are considered the major components of a terrestrial ecosystem. The model considers the physicochemical and biological processes of interception, weathering, decomposition of litter, percolation, root uptake, leaching, radioactive decay, and biological loss of animals. The predictive capability of the model was investigated by comparison of its predictions with field data for biota measured in the Fukushima forest area after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Results and Discussion: The predicted radioactive cesium inventories for trees agreed well with those for evergreens and deciduous trees sampled in the Fukushima area. The predicted temporal radioactivity concentrations for animals were within the range of the measured radioactivity concentrations of deer, wild boars, and black bears. The radiation dose for the animals were, for the whole simulation time, estimated to be much smaller than the lower limit (0.1 mGy·d^-1) of the derived consideration reference level given by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for terrestrial flora and fauna. This suggested that the radiation effect of the accident on the biota in the Fukushima forest would be insignificant. Conclusion: The present dynamic model can be used effectively to investigate the radiological risk to terrestrial ecosystems following a nuclear accident.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2020

Objectives : This experiment was designed to assess the single oral toxicity of Ethanol Extract Inulae Flos (IF) ethanol extracts. IF is one of the important herbs to remove phlegmy which is the viscous turbid pathological product that can accumulate in the body, causing a variety of diseases. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of research on the pharmacology toxicity of IF. Methods : In this study, IF was orally administered to 5 weeks ICR mice as an oral dose of 2,000 or 3,000 or 5,000 mg/kg. The condition of the mice was observed for 14 days and their weights were measured every two days. Results : None of the mice died for 14 days. The abnormal clinical symptoms and anatomical signs of toxicity were not found in any treatment groups. The gain of net body weight was observed. There was also no significant difference in the organ weight. The serum biochemistry and hematological analysis showed a decrease in BUN, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets although within the normal ranges. Conclusions : These results suggest that the 50% lethal dose of IF is more than 5,000 mg/kg. This could be thought that IF is a safe drug without acute toxicity and side effects. However, IF showed some weight loss and change in blood test, so it will need to be careful when using it for high doses.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.78-82
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• 2022

Liraglutide (Saxenda^R) is prescribed to induce and sustain weight loss in obese patients. The starting dose of liraglutide is 0.6 mg/day for 1 week, which is increased by 0.6 mg/day every week until the full maintenance dose of 3 mg/day is achieved. Such dose titration is needed to prevent side effects, which primarily include gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, dyspepsia, and abdominal pain. A 35-year-old, reportedly healthy obese man receiving liraglutide treatment for obesity visited the emergency room complaining of generalized weakness and dizziness accompanied by repeated diarrhea and vomiting. He reported over 20 episodes of diarrhea starting the day after liraglutide dose escalation from 1.2 mg/day to 1.8 mg/day. Laboratory findings suggested pre-renal acute kidney injury, including serum creatinine 4.77 mg/dl, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 37 mg/dl, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15 ml/min/1.73 m², and Fractional excretion of sodium 0.08. After volume repletion therapy, his renal function recovered to a normal range with laboratory values of creatinine 1.08 mg/dl, BUN 14 mg/dl, and eGFR 88 ml/min/1.73 m². This case emphasizes the need for caution when prescribing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, including liraglutide, given the risk of serious renal impairments induced by volume depletion and dehydration through severe-grade diarrhea and vomiting.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 2023

To effectively and safely manage the radiation exposure to nuclear power plant (NPP) workers in accidents, major overseas NPP operators such as the United States, Germany, and France have developed and applied realistic 3D model radiation dose assessment software for workers. Continuous research and development have recently been conducted, such as performing NPP accident management using 3D-VR based on As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) planning tool. In line with this global trend, it is also required to secure technology to manage radiation exposure of workers in Korea efficiently. Therefore, in this paper, it is described the application method and assessment results of radiation exposure scenarios for workers in response to accidents assessment technology, which is one of the fundamental technologies for constructing a realistic platform to be utilized for radiation exposure prediction, diagnosis, management, and training simulations following accidents. First, the post-accident sampling after the Loss of Coolant Accident(LOCA) was selected as the accident and response scenario, and the assessment area related to this work was established. Subsequently, the structures within the assessment area were modeled using MCNP, and the radiation source of the equipment was inputted. Based on this, the radiation dose distribution in the assessment area was assessed. Afterward, considering the three principles of external radiation protection (time, distance, and shielding) detailed work scenarios were developed by varying the number of workers, the presence or absence of a shield, and the location of the shield. The radiation exposure doses received by workers were compared and analyzed for each scenario, and based on the results, the optimal accident response scenario was derived. The results of this study plan to be utilized as a fundamental technology to ensure the safety of workers through simulations targeting various reactor types and accident response scenarios in the future. Furthermore, it is expected to secure the possibility of developing a data-based ALARA decision support system for predicting radiation exposure dose at NPP sites.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-35
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• 1994

Tomographic examination requires several times of exposure usually, therefore, reduction of radiation dose per exposure without loss of image quality proves of great benefit to patient. We compared the exposure doses under the following experimental conditions, A and B. A is the combination of SRO 380(rare earth screen) and SRH(high contrast film) with additional Cu filters or without. B is the widely used combination which is BH-III and Cronex-4 without additional filter. As a result, comparing with the condition B, the condition A with additional filter of Cu 0.15 mm + Al 0.7 mm, Cu 0.4 mm+ Al 0.4 mm and Cu 0.8 mm showed better Image quality and lower surface dose, 44 %, 31 % and 24 % of the condition B, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.237-240
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• 2008

C-22 is one of health food made in Han Kook Shin Yak. For studying its antitumor activity, the 50% ethanol extract from C-22 was tested on BDF1 mice bearing LLC tumor cell by Teruhiro’s method. The samples were intraperitoneally injected to mice once a day with a daily dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Taxol was used as positive control with a dose of 50 mg/kg. As a result, the C-22's extracts dose dependently inhibited the tumor volume with the IRTV values of 28.7, 46.7, 58.9% and the IRTW values of 28.1, 46.0, 57.8% in 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively, while the Taxol showed antitumor activity with IRTV and IRTW values of 68.5 and 67.3% in 50 mg/kg. No loss of body weight was observed at any samples. This data suggested that the C-22's antitumor activity was enough to use as a cancer chemopreventive agent, and it will be used for preventing cancer as health food.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 1994

DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was at dose levels of 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg/day administered intravenously to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats during the organogenetic period. Two-third of dams per group were subjected to caesarean section on day 20 of pregnancy and the remaining 10 dams per group were allowed to deliver. Effects of test substance on dams, embryonal development of Fl fetuses, as well as growth, behaviour and mating performance of Fl offspring were examined. 1. At 1 mg/kg, one out of the 10 dams showed difficult delivery. A decrease in food consumption, a loss in body weight and a decrease of spleen weight were found in this dose level group. At 0.3 mg/kg, difficult deliverys were observed in two out of the 10 dams. 2. At 1 mg/kg, an increased resorption rate and a decreased fetal weight were found. In addition, various types of external, visceral and skeletal malformations occurred at an incidence of 11.9, 41.8 and 14.5%, respectively. 3. At 1 mg/kg, body weight reduction, small eyeball, hydrocephalus and atrophy of sexual organs were observed in Fl offspring. One male pup receiving 0.3 mg/kg died on day 2 of lactation. The results show that the no-effect dose levels (NOELs) for dams and Fl offspring are 0.1 mg/kg/day and NOEL for Fl fetuses is 0.3 mg/kg/day.