• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.270-277
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• 2009

1. Objectives The purpose of this case study is to report the effects of Sukjiwhanggosam-tang which is based on the Sasang Constitutional Medicine for the Foot drop caused by peroneal nerve palsy. 2. Methods This patient was treated by Sukjiwhanggosam-tang according to the result of Sasang Constitutional diagnosis. We used Visual analogue scale(VAS), Range of motion(ROM) and Manual Muscle Testing(MMT) to evaluate the improvement of the Foot drop. 3. Results After 20 days treatment, the VAS of Rt. leg & foot hypoesthesia decreased from 10 to 2. The ROM of dorsiflexion of the ankle joint increased from $10^{\circ}$ to $30^{\circ}$ and the grade of MMT increased from 3 to 4. 4. Conclusions This case study shows an efficient result of using Sukjiwhanggosam-tang in the treatment of the Foot drop caused by peroneal nerve palsy.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the effect on clinical course of heterotopic ossification of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis after ankle fractures. Materials and Methods: From June 2001 to May 2004, we found nine cases of heterotopic ossification of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis after ankle fractures. There were 8 male patients and 1 female patient; their mean age was 42 years old. There were 6 Weber type B and 2 Weber type C fractures, and there is 1 case with posterior malleolus fracture only. Among them, 8 ankle fractures were operated. Follow up period was averaged for 14 months. We were able to review radiographs at initial injury and to review clinical menifestation and radiographs at last follow up. We used an ankle-hindfoot scoring system of AOFAS which combined symptom, function and alignment with maximum score of 100 point. Results: In all cases ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion were not significantly different from that of the contralateral side. The patients who had developed heterotopic ossification in distal tibiofibular syndesmosis had a similar functional score. The mean ankle-hind foot score was 94 points. Conclusion: We concluded that the heterotopic ossification of distal tibiafibular syndesmosis after ankle fractures had little effect on clinical course and range of motion of ankle joint.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2003

Purpose : Soft tissue defect and exposed tendons and bones with concomitant infection in the foot and lower leg have to be covered with vascularized flap as the one stage treatment. Authors have performed 6 cases of pedicled dorsalis pedis island flaps under the loupes magnification and evaluated the benefits. Materials and methods : From 1994 through 2003, we have performed 6 pedicled dorsalis pedis island flaps for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the foot and lower leg. The causes were trauma in 3 cases, skin necrosis and secondary infection after Achilles tendon repair in 2 cases and acute osteomyelitis in 1 case. Average age was 38 years and 5 cases were male and 1 female. The results of the procedure was evaluated by survival of the island flap, comfort in putting on shoes and walking, comfort in the donor site, comfort in the recipient site and range of motion of the ankle joint. Results : All pedicled dorsalis pedis island flaps survived except 1. Three cases felt discomfort in the dorsum of foot as the donor site and 1 case of the Achilles tendon ruptured and repaired showed limited dorsiflexion of ankle joint. Conclusion : Nonmicrosurgical pedicled dorsalis pedis island flaps under the loupes magnification are one of the useful treatment methods because procedure is rapid, survival is confident and overall reconstructive results are good.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 2011

Purpose : This study was to investigate the prevention of spasticity with modified Ashworth scale(MAS) and range of motion(ROM) increase with goniometer in ankle joint by functional electrical stimulation(FES) and exercise for 4 weeks in chronic stroke patients. Methods : 60 chronic stroke patients participated in this study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups, FES group(n=20), FES+exercise group(n=20) and control croup(n=20). After FES application on tibialis anterior muscle by 35Hz for 4 weeks, the change of ankle joint movement was measured by goniometer. Results : The spasticity in ankle joint was decreased greatly in FES and FES+excercise groups(p<.05), and the ROM of ankle joint was increased greatly in FES and FES +exercise groups(p<.05) than control group(p>.05). Conclusion : It shows that FES made the angle of dorsiflexion in spastic ankle joint increase with functional improvement of tibialis anterior muscle in chronic stroke patients. This show that the FES is avaliable for facilitation of ROM and decrease of spasticity as a therapeutic tool.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 1999

This study was done to identify the effectiveness of a proper positioning on musculoskeletal complication on patient with Stroke by using a quasi-experimental study. A total of 18 patients were selected as a subject from June 1st to October 31th 1998 who had been hospitalized at Intensive Care Units in K medical center. A experimental group consists of 8 patients who were given proper positioning every two hours. A control group consists of 10 patients who were given traditional positioning. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS windows including $X^2$-test (Fisher's exact method), Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and McNemar test. The result of this study was summerized as follows : 1) The experimental group with proper positioning has shown lower shoulder pain score, dorsiflexion contracture score, Shoulder subluxation score and higher Range of Motion and than the control group. 2) The experimental group with proper positioning has shown lower muscle pain score and edema score than the control group, but it was not statistically significant.Therefore, proper positioning could be applied as an independent nursing intervent ion for patients on Stroke in order to facilitate rehabilitation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.203-209
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop a minimally constraint joint angle measurement system for the feedback control of FES (functional electrical stimulation) locomotion. Feedback control is desirable for the efficient FES locomotion, however, the simple on-off control schemes are mainly used in clinic because the currently available angle measurement systems are heavily constraint or cosmetically poor. We designed a new angle measurement system consisting of a magnet and magnetic sensors located below and above the ankle joint, respectively, in the rear side of ipsilateral leg. Two magnetic sensors are arranged so that the sensing axes are perpendicular each other. Multiple positions of sensors attachment on the shank part of the ankle joint model and also human ankle joint were selected and the accuracy of the measured angle at each position was investigated. The reference ankle joint angle was measured by potentiometer and motion capture system. The ankle joint angle was determined from the fitting curve of the reference angle and magnetic flux density relationship. The errors of the measured angle were calculated at each sensor position for the ankle range of motion (ROM) $-20{\sim}15$ degrees (dorsiflexion as positive) which covers the ankle ROM of both stroke patients and normal subjects during locomotion. The error was the smallest with the sensor at the position 1 which was the nearest position to the ankle joint. In case of human experiment, the RMS (root mean square) errors were $0.51{\pm}1.78(0.31{\sim}0.64)$ degrees and the maximum errors were $1.19{\pm}0.46(0.68{\sim}1.58)$ degrees. The proposed system is less constraint and cosmetically better than the existing angle measurement system because the wires are not needed.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.152-157
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of shortening scarf osteotomy on pain relief and range of motion (ROM) of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in hallux rigidus patients. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three cases of 19 patients who had been treated with shortening scarf osteotomy for the hallux rigidus between January 2007 and December 2013 were reviewed. The mean follow-up period was 21.4 months, and the mean age was 59.2 years. The first metatarsal bone was shortened until the ROM of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was greater than $80^{\circ}$ or $40^{\circ}$ of dorsiflexion. The length shortened by scarf osteotomy was measured. The authors also measured and compared the joint interval difference of the standing foot using an anteroposterior radiography. Moreover, the difference of ROM of the first metatarsophalangeal joint between the preoperative and final follow-up periods was also compared. The clinical results were evaluated and compared using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring system and visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Results: The mean shortening length was about 6.5 mm (range, 4~9 mm). The joint space has been increased to 1.8 mm, and the ROM of the first metatarsophalangeal joint has also been increased to $18.4^{\circ}$ after the operation. In three cases, the postoperative ROM has been decreased to less $10^{\circ}$. The AOFAS score has been improved from 41.7 (range, 32~55) to 86.2 (range, 65~95), and the VAS score was also decreased from 3.7 (range, 3~5) to 1.3 (range, 0~3). Two cases have shown no decrease in pain even after the operation. Conclusion: Shortening scarf osteotomy was found to decrease joint pain by decompressing the pressure of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. This osteotomy also helped improve the ROM of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Shortening scarf osteotomy can be considered one of the effective methods for joint preservation.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.46-56
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) for peroneal nerve palsy after normal delivery. Methods: Two patients with peroneal nerve palsy were treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping and MET. MET was performed in piriform, gluteus medius, anterior tibial and adductor muscles. To evaluate the effect of MET, we analyzed Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), Manual Muscle Test (MMT), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Ankle Hindfoot Scale (AHS). Results: In Case 1, ROM score was changed from −5 to 20, and MMT score was changed from 0 to 4. NRS score was changed from 5 to 1, and her AHS score was changed from 54 to 94 after treatment. In Case 2, ROM score was changed from 0 to 20, and her MMT score was changed from 1 to 5. NRS score was changed from 4 to 1, and her AHS score was changed from 64 to 97 after treatment. Conclusions: MET may be a useful treatment for patients who, shortly after childbirth or while breastfeeding, strongly refuse to treat the irritation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5723-5729
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the imbalance of muscle tone and frequent exposure to excessive gait training in patients with chronic spasticity due to stroke, the thickness of the plantar fascia to change and to evaluate. The subjects of this study was in 54 patients with chronic stroke from 18 patients Group I(MAS G0), 18 patients Group II(MAS G1), and 18 patients Group III(MAS G2) were selected. Measurement of clinical symptoms and physical examination, MAS(Modified Ashworth Scale), ultrasonographic, ROM(Range of Motion), VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), TUG(Timed Up and Go test) was measured. The study results were each group between the unaffected side and the affected side on plantar fascia thickness was statistically significantly thicker(p<.001). Each group between the unaffected side and the affected side on ankle dorsiflexion ROM was statistically significantly decrease(p<.001), VAS(p<.001), TUG(p<.001) statistically significantly increase(p<.001). In this study, the plantar fascia pathokinesiology ever presented by the contents of gait training in stroke patients is one of the information that you need to consider when presented.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1318-1332
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of walk training on leg strength, flexibility, postural stability, balance and gait in home bound elderly women. Eighteen elderly women of the experimental group aged between 70 and 90 years image who have normal vision, hearing and Romberg test. They participated in the 12 week walk training. The subjects of the experimental group practiced walk training 3 times a week for during 12 weeks. During the 40 minute workout, the subjects practiced 5 minutes of warming-up exercises, 30 minutes of conditioning exercises and 10 minutes of a cool-down exercise. The intensity for the conditioning phase was determined by subject' heart rates, which ranged from 60% to 70% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. The body composition, leg strength, flexibility, postural stability, balance and gait were measured prior to and after the experimental treatment. The body fat, lean body mass, leg strength (ankle dorsiflexor, plantarflexor, inversor and eversir, knee flexor, extensior), flexibility (range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion and eversion), and postural stability of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the control group. Duration of standing on the right foot and that of standing on the left foot of the experimental group was greater than that of the control group. Total balance scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Among 13 items for balance, the scores of experimental group in balance with eyes closes, turning balance, sternal nudge, neck turning, one leg standing balance and back extension were higher than those of the control group. Total scores of gait of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group following the walking training. Scores of experimental group in step height, step length and walk stance while walking among 9 items for gait were significantly higher than those of the control group. The results suggest that walk training can improve physical fitness for prevention in home bound elderly women.