• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2009

The mechanical characteristics (texture and color) and consumer preference of Doraji Yanggengs using different pre-treatments and added levels of Doraji were presently evaluated. Three kinds of Doraji Yanggengs were made with differing amounts of Doraji powder (DPY; 30, 50, or 70 g), ground raw Doraji (GRDY; 100, 200, or 300 g), and Doraji juice (DJY; 100, 200, or 300 g). Texture characteristics (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, cohesiveness) and color values (lightness, redness, yellowness) were measured three times in three experiments conducted with each formulation. Preference was measured with a nine-point hedonic scale for Yanggengs once every three experiments. Consumer preference was measured with color, flavor, taste, appearance, texture, and overall acceptability. Significant differences according to the amount of Doraji powder were evident with DPY for hardness (p<0.001), adhesiveness (p<0.05), and cohesiveness (p<0.001). Hardness (p<0.001), adhesiveness (p<0.001), chewiness (p<0.01), and gumminess (p<0.01) of 100 g GRDY displayed higher scores than 200 g and 300 g GRDY, but displayed significantly lower scores in cohesiveness (p<0.01). Hardness (p<0.001), adhesiveness (p<0.001), chewiness (p<0.001), gumminess (p<0.01), and cohesiveness (p<0.05) of DJY showed significant differences according to amount of Doraji juice. The highest score in a preference test among DPYs was evident for 30 g DPY. There were no significant differences in preference among GRDYs and DJYs. Color, flavor, taste, appearance, texture, and overall acceptability were significantly (p<0.01) correlated in all Yanggengs. DJY was preferred more than DPY and GRDY. Women in their forties and fifties preferred Yanggeng more when compared to women in their twenties and thirties.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.422-427
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• 2013

본 연구는 다양한 생리활성을 지닌 도라지의 활용성을 증가 및 다양화시키기 위해 증숙을 통하여 흑도라지를 제조하고 품질특성을 측정하였다. 일반성분 중 수분함량은 흑도라지가 73.96%로 도라지에 비해 함량이 낮았으며, 조회분, 조지방 및 조단백질의 함량은 생도라지와 흑도라지의 함량이 유사하여 큰 변화는 보이지 않았다. 반면 흑도라지의 조섬유 함량은 생도라지에 비해 감소하였으며, 반면 탄수화물의 양은 증가하였다. 또한 유리당 및 유기산은 흑도라지가 생도라지에 비해 매우 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 유리아미노산 함량은 생도라지와 흑도라지 모두 arginine이 대부분을 차지하였고, 구성아미노산은 glutamic acid의 함량이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 유리 및 구성 아미노산의 총 함량은 생도라지에 비해 흑도라지의 함량이 낮게 측정되었다. 도라지의 주요 무기질은 칼륨, 칼슘 및 마그네슘으로 나타났으며, 구리를 제외한 대부분의 무기질은 생도라지가 흑도라지에 비해 다소 많은 함량을 나타내었으나 그 차이는 크지 않았다. 조사포닌의 함량은 흑도라지가 생도라지에 비해 약 2배 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 흑도라지의 L, a 및 b 값은 생도라지에 비해 낮게 측정되어 증숙에 의한 갈변이 많이 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. Texture를 측정한 결과, hardness, chewiness 모두 흑도라지가 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 이상과 같이 흑도라지는 생도라지에 비해 영양성은 다소 감소하였지만 높은 사포닌 함량 및 유용성분 추출 용이성으로 기능성 식품소재로의 활용이 증가될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2018

This study was examined the quality characteristics of dough liquid according to the additional ratio of Doraji in seaweed snack manufacturing. Firstly, the results of Doraji type (dry & powder) were as follows: Carbohydrates 77.57~79.29, crude protein 9.10-9.25, crude fat 0.96~1.33 and calories 355~366 kcal, pH 5.42~5.45, sugar $3.53{\sim}3.96^{\circ}brix$, color 33.82~44.25 (L), 2.27~3.52 (B) and total free amino acids 2,200~2,699 mg/100 g. Total polyphenol contents had dry extracts 1,931.18 mg% and powder extract 1,382.43 mg%, DPPH and ABTs radical scavenging activities tended to increase with higher treatment concentration. Next, the results showed that dough liquid for seaweed snack manufacture which was added Doraji were as follows: Color became deep poppy red with increased addition of Doraji. The texture of adhesiveness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and brittleness tended to decrease with addition of Doraji. The springness showed the opposite tendency. Accordingly, these results suggest that 20% of dry Doraji extract is a proper proportion so that it can be added to the rice dough liquid to produce form Doraji (dry and powder) containing seaweed snacks.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.696-700
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• 2019

In this study, sulgidduk was prepared by addition of varying amount of black doraji extract and the physicochemical quality characteristics and antioxidant activities were investigated in order to explore the commercialization potential of sulgidduk supplemented with black doraji extract. The moisture content of sulgidduck supplemented with black doraji extract exhibited a significant decrease compared to the control. The pH of sulgidduck tended to decrease with increasing concentration of black doraji extract, and the reducing sugar content increased significantly from 0.33% to 3.51%. With an increase in the content of black doraji extract, a decrease in lightness (L^⁎) and increase in redness (a^⁎) was observed. A significant increase in the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity) was observed with the addition of the black doraji extract. Consequently, it is proposed that black doraji extract can be used for recipe development and commercialization of various rice cakes.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2020

In this study, the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of wet noodles added with doraji (Platycodon grandiflourm) powder at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively, were investigated. The crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, and moisture contents of the dried doraji powder were 11.00%, 0.95%, 4.10%, 29.64%, and 6.21%, respectively. As the added amount of doraji powder increased, weight, volume, and water absorption of the wet noodles after cooking decreased. However, the turbidity of the soup increased. Color L values of wet and cooked noodles decreased, while a and b values increased by the addition of doraji powder. Texture measurement indicated that hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness of the cooked noodles decreased by addition of doraji powder. The total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity in wet noodles added with doraji powder increased with increasing amounts of doraji powder. Finally, sensory evaluation of wet noodles added with doraji powder revealed that taste significantly decreased. However, flavor, color, texture, appearance, and overall acceptance scores for the 1% addition group ranked significantly higher than those of the other groups. In conclusion, these findings suggest that doraji powder could be used as functional food ingredients.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.510-517
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• 2013

본 연구는 다양한 생리활성을 지닌 도라지를 이용하여 흑도라지를 제조하고 이들의 항산화 활성 및 항균 활성을 일반 도라지와 비교하여 측정하였다. 흑도라지는 도라지를 $60^{\circ}C$ 항온기에서 15일간 증숙한 후 $30^{\circ}C$ dry oven에서 3시간 건조하여 제조하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 흑도라지의 메탄올 추출물이 28.38 mg/g으로 가장 높았다. 흑도라지가 생도라지보다 폴리페놀 함량이 높았으며, 메탄올 추출물이 열수 추출물에 비해 더 높은 함량을 나타냈다. DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 흑도라지 메탄올 추출물이 가장 높은 소거능을 나타내었다. Hydroxyl 라디칼 소거능의 경우 $2000{\mu}g/mL$의 농도까지는 흑도라지의 메탄올 추출물이 소거능이 좋았으나, $8000{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서는 흑도라지 열수 추출물이 소거능이 가장 우수하였다. 도라지 추출물의 항균활성 결과는 균마다 약간의 차이는 있었으나, 흑도라지 열수 추출물이 일반 세균 2종을 포함하여, 기관지염 관련 미생물 3종에서도 가장 높은 항균 활성을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로 흑도라지는 생도라지에 비해 높은 폴리페놀 함량과 항산화 및 항균 활성을 나타내어 기능성 식품 소재로서의 이용성이 매우 높을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.113.3-114
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• 2003

The increased deposition of extracellular matrix by hepatic stellate cells following liver injury in a process known as activation is considered a key mechanism for increased collagen content of liver during the development of liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of an aqueous extract from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (Campanulaceae), Changkil (CK), on hepatic fibrosis in hepatic stellate cells. We report that CK reduces the accumulation of collagen in acetaldehyde-induced hepatic stellate cells. (omitted)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.1550-1557
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• 2015

본 연구는 다양한 생리활성을 지닌 도라지의 쓴맛을 완화시켜 식품소재로서의 활용도를 높이고자 동결온도와 탈수방법 및 횟수에 따른 품질 변화를 조사하였다. 수분을 제외한 일반성분 함량에서는 -20 및 $-70^{\circ}C$에서 동결 처리한 도라지가 -5 및 $-10^{\circ}C$에서 동결 처리한 것에 비해 그 함량이 대체적으로 많았다. 조단백질 함량은 1, 2 및 3 차 동결과 탈수 처리 모두 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 동결한 도라지에서 가장 높았고, 같은 동결온도에서는 3차 동결 처리했을 때 단백질 함량이 가장 높았다. 조지방 함량도 -20 및 $-70^{\circ}C$의 처리구가 -5 및 $-10^{\circ}C$ 결과치보다 높았다. 대체적으로 $-5^{\circ}C$ 동결 처리한 도라지가 가장 낮은 수준의 조단백, 조지방, 조섬유 및 조회분의 함량을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 동결온도와 가공횟수에 따른 무게 변화는 온도가 낮을수록 컸으며 가공을 반복할수록 더 크게 나타났다. 색도에서 L 값은 $-20^{\circ}C$ 동결을 제외하고 2회 가공한 도라지에서 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났고, b 값은 $-5^{\circ}C$와 $-10^{\circ}C$에서 각각 1회 가공한 도라지를 제외한 나머지 처리구가 대조구와 유사한 값을 나타내었다. 도라지의 조직감 중 견고성은 처리구가 대조구보다 감소하였으나, $-20^{\circ}C$에서 3회 가공한 도라지와 $-70^{\circ}C$에서 2회 및 3회 가공한 도라지는 대조구보다 견고성이 증가하였다. 탄력성은 $^-70{\circ}C$에서 3회 가공한 도라지를 제외하고는 대조구보다 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 씹힘성은 대조구와 처리구간에 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 사포닌 함량은 각 온도별 가공횟수가 증가할수록, 동결온도가 낮아질수록 감소하였다. 페놀 함량은 $-5^{\circ}C$에서 1~3회 가공처리 한 도라지의 경우 대조구보다 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 가공횟수가 증가할수록 그 함량은 증가하였다. 동결온도가 낮을수록 페놀 함량은 감소하였다. 주사전자현미경으로 도라지의 단면을 관찰해본 결과 동결과 가공 공정이 진행됨에 따라 세포벽이 주름진 것처럼 보이고 더 큰 구멍이 보임을 확인하였다. 기호도 검사를 통하여 $-5^{\circ}C$에서 동결한 도라지가 다른 처리구에 비해 높은 기호도를 보였으며, $-5^{\circ}C$에서 동결과 탈수과정을 2회 거친 실험처리군이 쓴맛의 개선 효과도 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 $-5^{\circ}C$에서 동결과 탈수를 2회 반복한 도라지가 대조구와 가장 유사하며 사포닌과 페놀의 함량이 증가하였고 쓴맛이 완화되어 식품소재로서의 활용이 증가될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2019

This study was done to examine immunomodulative effects of aged doraji (AD) in the immune-suppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide. The immune-stimulating effects of ethanol AD extract in in vivo at 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight (BW) for AD and 2AD groups were evaluated and compared to the normal doraji group (2ND, 150 mg/kg BW) treated with a doraji without aging process. After the 10 days of oral supplement, body and immune related organ weights, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and cytokines levels, splenocytes proliferation rate, and splenic NK cell activity were measured as immune-related biomarkers. Body weight and serum IgG level increased in the 2AD group. But, the serum Th2 cytokine (IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$) levels were lower in the AD and 2AD groups, respectively. Splenic T cell and B cell proliferation and NK cell activity increased in the doraji groups and the significant increases were found only in the 2AD group. Thus, the aged doraji extract may affect body weight, serum IgG level, splenocytes proliferation, and splenic NK cell activity, and normalize the Th2 cytokine levels in the immune-suppressed mice. The results suggest that the aged doraji improves effectively immune system rather than the normal one.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.146-150
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• 2001

The candy was prepared from starch syrup and sugar added with puree, extract and powder of Doraji, respectively. When three times extracted with 95% ethanol for 12 hours at $25^{\circ}C$ and 4 hours at 51$^{\circ}C$ and 78$^{\circ}C$, the extract contents were 22.6%, 25.8% and 25.3%, respectively. L-value of candy which was made of puree and extract of Doraji was lower than that of control. As the content of puree and extract of Doraji is increased, L-value was decreased. In case of added with puree, extract and powder, a and b-values were higher than those of control. Quality of the candy in sensory evaluation was the best when 20% of puree, 2% of extract and 5% of powder were added to the starch syrup and sugar, respectively. The result of preference test with various model, Bokjumony (Korea traditional purse) was the best in eye freel and ellipse was the best in mouth feel. The calories of candy were 2999.6 ㎉/100g in puree 20%, 358.3 ㎉/100g in extract 2% and 352.1 ㎉/100g in powder 5%.