• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1994년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.153-156
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• 1994

An in vitro steady flow experiment was performed in order to test the accuracy of velocity measurement obtained through a pulsed Doppler echocardiography. A flow phantom was designed for the use in a wide velocity range at a given flow rate. The results showed that the pulsed Doppler velocity measurement obtained in this flow phantom is accurate at low flow rates. However, ultrasound velocity measurement should be performed under a careful considerations of PRF and Doppler gain settings, especially at higher flow rates.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1999

The Doppler in neurosonologic examination could be applied to blood flow to determine its movement, the direction of its movement, and how fast it is. Indicies of the Doppler study denoted velocity, direction, and amount of RBC in the examined vessel. Systolic. diastolic, and mean blood flow velocities represent velocity of RBCs in a sample volume. Blood flow direction to the probe means direction of RBC to the probe. Size of amplitude displays toe amount of the RBCs passing the sample volume. Spectral broadening means presence of turbelence. The RBC movements and hemodynamics at the examined vessels can be estimated by analysis of Doppler indicies The formation and meaning of each of neurosonologic Doppler study is described in the present review.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1987

With the conventional CW Doppler velocity meter, bl-directional velocities cannot be separated. The new CW Doppler system uses quadrature detection and phase rotation to produce simultaneous independent audio and velocity signals for forward and reverse blood flow direction, is fabricated. Specially, this system shows that phase rotation method for flow direction separation provides easy and satisfactory feature. From in vivo blood flow measurement, we can easily differentiate typical artery flow from vein flow, and measure both velocity characteristics qualitatively.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2008

반접현상(Aliasing)을 제거하기위한 방법 중 속도범위(velocity scale)를 높이는 방법은 동일 조건하에서 속도범위를 높여줌으로써 혈류의 방향이 반대로 나타나는 현상이 점차 사라지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Doppler angle을 $0^{\circ}$에 가깝게 하는 실험에서는 각도의 변화에 따른 스펙트럼 파형에서 유의한 차이점을 발견을 하지 못했다. 실제 초음파 검사(Ultrasonography)를 시행할 때는 검사의 편의성과 신속성, 정확성을 고려해서 속도범위에 변화를 주어 검사함으로써 보다 정확한 검사가 시행되리라고 본다. 또한 Doppler Angle에 따라 혈류속도는 기하학적으로 증가하였으며, $70^{\circ}$ 이상에서는 측정불가능 할 정도로 수치가 급상승하여 혈류속도가 Doppler Angle에 크게 의존한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 혈류의 방향에 따른 실험에서는 입사각이 $60^{\circ}$ 이상에서 오차범위가 증가하였고, $70^{\circ}$ 이상에서는 매우 큰 차이를 보였다. 따라서 입사각은 $60^{\circ}$ 이하가 적당하다고 보며, 사지 혈관(extremity vessel)의 혈류속도를 구하는 데 있어서 Doppler 각도는 $45^{\circ}$에서 $60^{\circ}$가 적절한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was to investigate the effect of moxibustion on peripheral blood flow by Doppler ultrasound in post-stroke hemiplegia patients. Methods: Moxibustion was applied on the points of LI4, TE3, TE5 and LI11 on the affected side, and blood flow of the radial artery was measured using the Minimax-Doppler-K device. Blood flow velocity and pulsation index were analyzed before, during, and after moxibustion. Results: The mean value of blood flow velocity in 13 patients showed a tendency of increase during moxibustion, but there was no significant difference in blood flow velocity before and after moxibustion, or pulsation index during and after moxibustion. In addition, among the five patients who showed marked increase tendency on the blood velocity graph, there was significant increase in blood velocity during, and after moxibustion compared with before moxibustion. Conclusions: This study suggests that moxibustion has an effect on peripheral blood flow in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Further validity tests with a larger scale sample are needed for the evidence of its practical use.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1999

Vasoconstriction of intracerebral arteries is the leading cause of delayed cerebral infarction and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Transcranial Doppler studies show and increase in the flow velocities of basal cerebral arteries, which usually start around day 4 following a subarachnoid hemorrhage, and peaking by days 7 to 14. Angiographic studies confirm the presence of at least some degree of MCA vasospasm when the flow velocities are higher than 100 cm/sec. Mean velocities in the 120 to 200 cm/sec range correspond to 25 to 50% luminal narrowing. MCA and ACA vsospasm is detected with around 90% specificity. Sensitivity is 80% and 50% respectively. A 200cm/sec threshold and rapid flow velocity increase exceeding 50 cm/sec on consecutive days, has been associated with subsequent infarction. Transcranial Doppler is also used to monitor the effects of endovascular treatment of vasospasm. Flow velocities decrease following successful angioplasty or papaverine infusion. Overall, transcranial Doppler studies are considered to have acceptable accuracy for the evaluation of vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, with limitations that have to be taken into consideration in the clinical setting.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.169-182
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• 1986

Pulsed ultrasonic Doppler system is a useful diagnostic instrument to measure blood-flow-velocity, velocity profile, and volume-blood-flow. This system is more powerful compare with 2-dimensional B-scan tissue image. A system has been deve- loped and ii being evaluated using TMS 32010 DSP. We use this DSP for the purpose of real-time spectrum analyzer to obtain spectrogram in singlegate pulsed Doppler system and for the serial comb filter to cancel clutter and zero crossing counter to estimate Doppler mean frequency in multigate pulsed Doppler system. The Doppler shift of the backscattered signals is sensed in a phase detector. This Doppler signal corresponds to the mean velocity over a some region in space defined by the ultrasonic beam dimensions, transmitted pulse duration, and transducer ban(iwidth. Multi- gate pulsed Doppler system enable the transcutaneous and simultaneous assessment of the velocities in a number of adjacent sample volumes as a continuous function of time. A multigate pulsed Doppler system processing the information originating from presented.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-39
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• 1994

심장 벽의 운동속도와 혈관내 혈구의 유속을 측정하기 위해, 단일 채널 3.1MHz 펄스 도플러 속도계를 제작하였다. 도플러 속도계에 사용된 초음파 펄스의 폭과 펄스 반복주파수(PRF)는 각각 1$\mu$s과 6kHz이고, 후방 산란된 반향신호의 도플러 편이는 완전간섭성(coherent) 복조방식을 이용하여 위상 측정기에 감지된다. 위상 측정기의 출력신호로부터 레인지 게이트와 샘플 홀더, 대역여파기를 이용하여 작은 영역내에 있는 초음파 산란체의 평균속도에 해당하는 도플러 신호가 얻어진다. 도플러 신호의 평균 주파수는 영점교차의 카운터에 의해 측정되며 시간의 함수로 산란체의 순간 속도를 디스플레이한다. 채널 수와 거리 분해능을 증가시키면 혈관내의 혈류속도 분포도와 총 유량 그리고 혈류가속도를 측정할 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제29권1E호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2010

Nowadays, ultrasound Doppler imaging is widely used in assessing cardiovascular functions in the human body. However, a major drawback of ultrasonic Doppler methods is that they can provide information on blood flow velocity along the ultrasound beam propagation direction only. Thus, the blood flow velocity is estimated differently depending on the angle between the ultrasound beam and the flow direction. In order to overcome this limitation, there have been many researches devoted to estimating both axial and lateral velocities. The purpose of this article is to survey various two-dimensional velocity estimation methods in the context of Doppler imaging. Some velocity vector estimation methods can also be applied to determine tissue motion as required in elastography. The discussion is mainly concerned with the case of estimating a two-dimensional in-plane velocity vector involving the axial and lateral directions.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1988년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.705-708
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• 1988

Ultrasound Doppler Diagnostic System utilizes the Doppler effect for measurement of blood velocity. The sign of the Doppler frequency shift represents blood flow direction. Pulsed Doppler System uses Phase detector and zerocrossing method to produce simultaneous independent audio and velocity signals for forward and reverse blood flow direction in the time domain, had been fabricated. But time-domain analyzing such as audio evaluation and zerocrossing detection for instantaneous and mean frequency measurement doesn't, provide both an accurate and quantitative result. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt frequency domain technique to improve system performance. In this paper, we describe a unit which is composed of Pulsed Doppler System and real-time spectrum analyzer (installed TMS 32010 DSP Chip). This unit shows time-dependent spectrum variation and mean velocity of blood Signal.