• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2003

Objectives : We were studied the retaining needle to offer basic materials for the study of it. methods: To study the retaining needle, we were reviewed the ancient, the present text and the thesis. Results: 1. There are many ways form general acupuncture technique to needle-embedding therapy by the spending time of the retaining needle. 2. The method retaining needle is divided into Active method of the retaining needle(動留針法) and Passive methoid of the retaining needle(靜留針法) by the existence of Qi-promoting. 3. In case of Deficiency Syndrome, protracted discase, dolorific disorder, convulsive disorder, and Cold Syndrome, the spending time of the retaining needle takes longer, in case of Heat Syndrome and exterior Syndrome, the spending time of the retaining needle takes shorter. 4. In case of acute disease and attack of chronic disease, we can use Active methoid of the retaining needle(動留鍼法) with retaining needle for a long time, in case of chronic disease, we can use Passive methoid of the retaining needle(靜留針法). 5. In case of Young people, a man in the prime of life, and a people who can stand the stimulation of needle, we can make the spending time of the retaining needle be longer and use Active methoid of the retaining needle(動留針法), but in case of a baby and a weak people, we had better shorten the spending time of the retaining needle or not do it. 6. The spending time of the retaining needle must be shorter in spring and summer, must be longer in fall and winter. 7. The spending time of the retaining needle is various by acupuncture point. 8. When the spending time of the retaining needle is too longer, we can injure Vital-qi of a patient, otherwise in opposite situation, Pathogenic is stagnated so pathogenic stage is repeated.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.73-83
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was investigated the effects of the root of Polygala tenuifolia (POL) on learning and memory impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Methods : Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was produced by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (pBCAO). POL was administered orally once a day (130 mg/kg of water-extract) for 28 days starting at 4 weeks after the pBCAO. The acquisition of learning and the retention of memory were tested on 9th week after the pBCAO using the Morris water maze. In addition, effects of POL on $A{\beta}$ generation and expressions of APP and BACE1 were observed in the hippocampus of rats. Results : POL significantly prolonged the swimming time spent in target quadrant and significantly reduced the swimming time spent in the quadrant far from the target. POL significantly increased the percentage of swim in the targer quadrant in the retention test, while POL was not effective on the escape latencies in the acquisition training trials. POL significantly reduced the levels of $A{\beta}_{(1-40)}$ and $A{\beta}_{(1-42)}$ in the cerebral cortex and the level of $A{\beta}_{(1-42)}$ in the hippocampus produced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. POL also significantly attenuated the up-regulation of APP and BACE1 expression in the hippocampus produced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Conclusions : The results show that POL alleviated memory deficit and up-regulation of $A{\beta}$ and BACE1 expressions in the hippocampus. This result suggests that POL may exert ameliorating effect on memory deficit through inhibition of ${\beta}$-secretase activity and $A{\beta}$ generation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2002

Objective : The purpose of this report is to use more Shin Jong Gyuk of Ohaeng Acupuncture acupunture treatment clinically by comparing the Improvement of Back pain and Sciatica between Common Acupuncture treatment Group and Common Acupuncture with Shin Jong Gyuk of Ohaeng Acupuncture treatment Group. Methods : This study was carried out on 40 patients with Back pain and Sciatica who were hospitalized in Dongshin Univ. Oriental Hospital from 1st, April, 2001 to Tenth, November, 2001. Group A of 20 patients were taken both common acupunture treatment and Shin Jong Gyuk of Ohaeng Acupuncture treatment. And Group B of 20 patients were only taken common acupunture treatment. And after 10 days of admission, we checked and compared VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and improvement index out of these two groups. SPSS(Statistical Program for Sdcial Science) for Window was used for a statistical analysis and the independent T-test was performed to gauge the improvement of VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and improvement index out of these two groups, in which case, value of P below 0.05 is considered as useful. Results : The result of the VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and improvement index of comparision analysis between two groups after 10 days, shows that the improvement of Back pain and Sciatica in Common Acupuncture treatment with Shin Tong Gyuk of Ohaeng Acupuncture treatment Group is more effective than that in Common Acupuncture treatment Group. (independent T-test improvement index P=0.21, VAS P=0.00)

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.307-313
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• 2016

Serosurveillance for zoonotic diseases in small mammals and detection of chiggers, the vector of Orientia tsutsugamushi, were conducted from September 2014 to August 2015 in Gwangju Metropolitan Area. Apodemus agrarius was the most commonly collected small mammals (158; 91.8%), followed by Myodes regulus (8; 4.6%), and Crocidura lasiura (6; 3.5%). The highest seroprevalence of small mammals for O. tsutsugamushi (41; 26.3%) was followed by hantaviruses (24; 15.4%), Rickettsia spp. (22; 14.1%), and Leptospira (2; 1.3%). A total of 3,194 chiggers were collected from small mammals, and 1,236 of 3,194 chiggers were identified with 7 species of 3 genera: Leptotrombidium scutellare was the most commonly collected species (585; 47.3%), followed by L. orientale (422; 34.1%), Euchoengastia koreaensis (99; 8.0%), L. palpale (58; 4.7%), L. pallidum (36; 2.9%), Neotrombicula gardellai (28; 2.3%), and L. zetum (8; 0.6%). L. scutellare was the predominant species. Three of 1,236 chigger mites were positive for O. tsutsugamushi by PCR. As a result of phylogenetic analysis, the O. tsutsugamushi strain of chigger mites had sequence homology of 90.1-98.2% with Boryong. This study provides baseline data on the distribution of zoonotic diseases and potential vectors for the development of prevention strategies of vector borne diseases in Gwangju metropolitan area.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Recently, weather disasters such as hail and typhoon occur frequently. These threaten the stable cultivation of potatoes. It is very important to cultivate potatoes with stable under unexpected weather disasters. This study was performed to investigate the correlation between mophological characteristics of potato stem and its resistance to hail damage in different potato cultivars. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hail fall occurred for 8 minutes on May 31, 2012 in the field of Highland Agriculture Research Center located in Jinbu-myeon Gangwon-do. Potato crop grown in the field was affected by hail due to which the stems of potato were broken. The percentage of broken stem of potato was investigated as the level of damage by hail. To determine the difference in the ratio of broken stem among the potato cultivars, physical characteristics of potato stem such as diameter and hardness were measured. To evaluate recovery phase after hail damage, ground coverage and yield were measured. The percentage of broken stem of cv. Goun and cv. Saebong were 30%, 26%, respectively, whereas it was 5% in the cv. Atlantic. Damage by hail was the lowest in cv. Atlantic. Diameter of the stem was 15 mm in cv. Atlantic, 13 mm in cv. Goun and 11 mm in cv. Saebong. The hardness of potato cultivars was measured which was 74 N in cv. Atlantic. 71 N in cv. Goun and 59 N in cv. Saebong. The ground coverage in cv. Atlantic was 79%, which was the highest followed by 73% in cv. Saebong and 56% in cv. Goun. The yield of cv. Atlantic was monitored at 90 days after planting which was 40 MT/ha and that of cv. Saebong was 36 MT/ha, whereas in cv. Goun, it was 30 MT/ha which was the lowest. CONCLUSION: The ratio of broken stem in cv. Atlantic was the lowest compared to cultivars. In the physical characteristics of stem, cv. Atlantic was the highest in value of diameter and hardness. Based on these results, it was considered that cv. Atlantic was resistant to hail damage compared to other cultivars.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.32-44
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• 2000

The practice of welding stainless steel is known to produce various valance states of chromium. $CO_2$ flux cored arc welding on stainless was performed in fume collection chamber. Content of total chromium and hexavalent chromium in fumes, content of hexavalent chromium in total chromium, solubility of hexavalent chromium were investigated. Content of total chromium in fumes increases from 2~3% to 7~9% as a function of input energy, but hexavalent chromium, less than 1.2% in fumes, is not related to input energy. Hexavalent chromium in fumes exists as solubles up to 90%. Content of total chromium in flux cored arc welding fumes and solubility of hexavalent chromium are similar to shielded metal arc welding fumes, but content of hexavalent chromium is similar to metal inert gas welding fumes. These characteristics are relevant to flux of wires and $CO_2$ shielding gas.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2010

In this paper, we proposed a wearable respiration measurement system with textile capacitive pressure sensor. Belt typed textile capacitive pressure sensor approach of respiration measurement, from which respiration signatures and rates can be derived in real-time for long-term monitoring, are presented. Belt typed textile capacitive pressure sensor has been developed for this measurement system. the distance change of two plates by the pressure of motion has been used for the respiration measurement in chest area. Respiration rates measured with the textile capacitive pressure sensor was compared with standard techniques on 8 human subjects. Accurate measurement of respiration rate with developed sensor system is shown. The data from the method comparison study is used to confirm theoretical estimates of change in capacitance by the distance change. The current version of respiratory rate detection system using textile capacitive pressure sensor can successfully measure respiration rate. It showed upper limit agreement of $3.7997{\times}10^{-7}$ RPM, and lower limit of agreement of $-3.8428{\times}10^{-7}$ RPM in Bland-Altman plot. From all subject, high correlation were shown(p<0.0001). The proposed measurement method could be used to monitor unconscious persons, avoiding the need to apply electrodes to the directly skin or other sensors in the correct position and to wire the subject to the monitor. Monitoring respiration using textile capacitive pressure sensor offers a promising possibility of convenient measurement of respiration rates. Especially, this technology offers a potentially inexpensive implementation that could extend applications to consumer home-healthcare and mobile-healthcare products. Further advances in the sensor design, system design and signal processing can increase the range and quality of the rate-finding, broadening the potential application areas of this technology.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1210-1215
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• 2010

The probe card are test modules which are to classify the good semiconductor chips and thin film before the packaging process. In the rapid growth a technology of semiconductor, the number of pads per unit area is increasing and pad arrays are becoming irregular. Therefore, the technology of probe card needs narrow width and lots of probe tip. In this paper, the probe tip based on the MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical System)technology was developed a new MEMS probe tip for vertical probe card applications. For the structural designs of probe tip were performed to mechanical characteristics and structural analysis using FEM(Finite Element Method). Also, the contact force of MEMS probe tip compared with FEM results and experimental results. Finally, the MEMS probe card was developed a fine pitch smaller than $50{\mu}m$.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.342-345
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• 2006

Objective : Gamma Knife Surgery[GKS] for the management of pineal region tumors is challengeable strategy as direct access to this area is not easy. The experiences of pineal region tumor patients treated with GKS were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness. Methods : Seven patients with tumors in the pineal region were treated with GKS between September 1998 and May 2005. The histological diagnosis were pineal parenchymal tumor [2 patients], low-grade astrocytoma [2 patients], immature teratoma [1 patient], and choriocarninoma [1 patient]. One patient was diagnosed as metastatic brain tumor based on histological diagnosis for primary site and brain imaging study. The median marginal dose was 15Gy [range; $11{\sim}20$] at the 50% isodose line. The median target volume was $2.5cm^3$ [range; $0.8{\sim}12.5$]. The median clinical follow up period was 29 months [range; $13{\sim}93$] and the median radiological follow up period was 18 months [range; $6{\sim}73$]. Results : Tumor volume measured in follow-up images showed reduction in six patients, disappearance in one. No adverse effect due to GKS was found during the follow-up period. The performance status was preserved in all patients except one who died due to progression of primary cancer in spite of controlled metastatic brain lesion. Conclusion : Gamma Knife Surgery can be applied to pineal region tumors irrespective of their histology whenever surgery is not indicated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.1053-1064
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• 2009

The existence of a large sodium pool in the KALIMER, a pool-type LMR developed by the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, plays an important role in reactor safety and operability because it determines the grace time for operators to cope with an abnormal event and to terminate a transient before reactor enters into an accident condition. A two-dimensional hot pool model has been developed and implemented in the SSC-K code, and has been successfully applied for the assessment of safety issues in the conceptual design of KALIMER and for the analysis of anticipated system transients. The other important models of the SSC-K code include a three-dimensional core thermal-hydraulic model, a reactivity model, a passive decay heat removal system model, and an intermediate heat transport system and steam generation system model. The capability of the developed two-dimensional hot pool model was evaluated with a comparison of the temperature distribution calculated with the CFX code. The predicted hot pool coolant temperature distributions obtained with the two-dimensional hot pool model agreed well with those predicted with the CFX code. Variations in the temperature distribution of the hot pool affect the reactivity feedback due to an expansion of the control rod drive line (CRDL) immersed in the pool. The existing CRDL reactivity model of the SSC-K code has been modified based on the detailed hot pool temperature distribution obtained with the two-dimensional pool model. An analysis of an unprotected transient over power with the modified reactivity model showed an improved negative reactivity feedback effect.