• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2012

Survey on the phytoplankton community structure and distribution in the upstream watershed of the East River was carried out during the period from May, 2008 to April, 2009. A total composition of phytoplankton included 159 taxa, consisting of 7 orders, 56 genera, 139 species, and 40 unidenfied species. Among those, the diatoms and green algae were more frequently found during the investigation than the other taxa. Cocconeis placentula, Cymbella minuta, Diatoma vulgare, Melosira varians, Navicula cryptocephala, Scenedesmus acuminatus v. acuminatus, were among the most common. The standing crops of the phytoplankton ranged from 86 cells $mL^{-1}$ to 1,467 cells $mL^{-1}$. The dominant species were Achnanthes minutissima, Asterionella formosa, Aulacoseira ambigua, Cocconeis placentula, Coelastrum microporum, Cyclotella sp., Cymbella affinis, C. minuta, C. tumida, Diatoma vulgare, Fragilaria capucina, F. construens, F. crotonensis, Gomphonema affine, G. clevei, Melosira varians, Merismopedia elegans, Navicula cryptocephala, N. pupula, Nitzschia tryblionella, Oscillatoria anna, O. limosa, O. tenuis v. tenuis, Pediastrum duplex v. reticulatum, Phormidium tenue, Scenedesmus acuminatus v. acuminatus, S. acutus v. acutus, S. ecornis v. ecornis, S. quadricauda v. quadricauda, Spirogyra sp., Stigeoclonium sp., Synedra acus, S. ulna, and Ulothrix sp. The most dominant species was Cymbella minuta. The diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index ranged from 1.58 to 3.10, 051 to 0.95, and 0.22 to 0.74, respectively. The phytoplankton community structure of upstream stations of the survey area was influenced by the effluent of the Doam Lake.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.339-347
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• 2017

The objectives of this study were to analyze ecological characteristics of fish compositions and estimate the optimal ecological flow using the physical habitat simulation system (PHABSIM) in Wonju stream and Boseong river. We sampled fishes using two gears such as casting net and kicknet to determine fish distribution and also measured flow velocity, water depth, bed material at the point where fish collected. Total number of species and individuals sampled were 20 and 2,104, respectively and dominant species was Zacco platypus (39.7%) and subdominant species was Z. koreanus (RA: 15.8%) in Wonju stream. In Boseong river, collected fishes were 1,638 individuals, 28 species. Dominant and sub-dominant species was Z. platypus (RA: 22.0%) and Microphysogobio yaluensis (RA: 17.2%), respectively. For calculating habitat suitability index (HSI), we selected Z. platypus as representative fish species and analyzed water depth and flow velocity. Water depth and flow velocity were 0.2-0.6 m, 0.1-0.3 m/s, respectively in Wonju stream and 0.3-0.6 m, 0-0.3 m/s, respectively in Boseong river. According to the analysis of ecological flow simulation, optimal flow was 1.1 cms and 0.3 cms in Wonju stream and 0.4cms, 2.2cms in Boseong river at up and down stream respectively. WUA (Weighted Usable Area) was 9.5%, 26.6% in Wonju stream and 34.8%, 53.3% in Boseong river at up and down stream respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.884-894
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• 2015

To examine the relationship between microphytobenthos biomass and the condition index of Ruditapes philippinarum (manila clam), field observations were conducted seasonally at the tidal flats of Jeongsanpo and Hwangdo, Taean, Korea from February to November, 2012. A total of 122 species of microphytobenthos were identified over the study period with 85 species (30-45 species in season) at Jeongsanpo and 92 species (32-57 species) at Hwangdo. Chlorophyll a concentrations and cell number of microphytobenthos were $79.75mg/m^2$ and $3,255cells/cm^2$ at Jeongsanpo, and $151.50mg/m^2$ and $15,943cells/cm^2$ at Hwangdo, respectively. The dominant species were slightly different: Cylindrotheca closterium, Fallacia forcipata, Fogedia sp., Gyrosigma sp., and Navicula sp. at Jeongsanpo and C. closterium, Detonula pumila, Diploneis sp., Navicula sp. and Merismopedia sp. at Hwangdo tidal flat. Paralia sulcata was the representative species based on cell number at the two study sites. The number of microphytobenthos identified from the digestive organs of manila clams seasonally varied from 18 to 31 species at Jeongsanpo and dominant genus were Amphora, Navicula, Nitzschia and Paralia sulcata. At Hwangdo, the species number of microphytobenthos found in the digestive organs of manila clams were in the range of between 19 and 25 species in season and the dominant genus were Actinocyclus, Amphora, Coscinodiscus, Diploneis, Gyrosigma, Navicula, and Diploneis. The condition index of manila clams were greater at Hwangdo (0.57) than at Jeongsanpo (0.42). Present results could support that the condition index of manila clams is positively correlated with the species richness and chlorophyll a contents of microphytobenthos.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2017

Fish fauna and community structures in freshwater were analyzed in the streams (12 stations) of the Bogil Island from May to September 2015. Total numbers of the sampled species and genus (9 families) were 21 and 17, respectively. Gobiidae was the most dominant taxa, which accounted for 47.6% (10 species) of the total species, and the relative abundance, based on the number of individuals, was 60.4% (1,157 individuals). Subdominant families were three taxa of Cyprinidae (3 species; 500 ind.), Mugilidae (2 species; 168 ind.) and Mugilidae (2 species; 128 ind.). The dominant species, based on the relative abundance, was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (20.7%) and the subdominant species were Gymnogobius urotaenia (19.5%), Leucopsarion petersii (17.2%) and Chelon haematocheilus (8.5%). These species were composed of upstream-resident fish as well as migratory fishes, so the streams of the Bogil Island had unique characteristics in the fish compositions. Based on all the species sampled, 9 species (42.9%) were primary freshwater fishes, 11 species (52.4%) were peripheral fishes and 1 species (4.8%) was amphidromous fish. Korean endemic species and exotic species were not found in the streams of Bogil Island. According to the analysis of fish community structure, species richness index and species diversity index were highest (1.831, 1.957) in the Site 8 and lowest in the Site 4. In the meantime, the dominance index was highestin the Site 4 (1.00) and lowest in theSite 8 (0.17).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.562-572
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• 2011

This study is to examine the environmental characteristics of subpopulations of Ilex crenata var. microphyllla Max. distributed in the east-west slopes of Mt. Halla National Park based on analyzing the factors of environment, vegetation and soil. The result of the TWINSAPN analysis conducted on 56 study plots between the altitudes of 500 m and 1600 m of east-west slopes of Mt. Halla National Park can be divided into five communities-Prunus maximowiczii Rupr., Manshurian fullmoon Maple, Carpinus tschonoskii Max., Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq., Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray and Pinus thunbergil Parl. Among these communities, the plot with high importance percentage of the subpopulation of Ilex crenata var. microphyllla Max., is the Carpinus tschonoskii Max.-Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. included in the altitude of 600m~1200m radius. The dominant species of the upper shrub layer was Carpinus tschonoskii Max.(I.P.: 29.82%) while the dominant species of the canopy layer was Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq.(I.P.: 26.76%). For the understory layer the dominant species was Ilex crenata var. microphyllla Max.. Species diversity index was on the low end with 0.7424, indicating the stably formed climax community of Carpinus tschonoskii Max.. The analysis of soil properties showed high concentrations of organic matters, available phosphate and Ca, Mg, the high importance percentage of the of Ilex crenata var. microphyllla Max. is found in altitude of 600m~800m on the eastern slope and the altitude of 800m~1,000m radius on the west slope. This region is included in the southern part of the cold/hot forest zone, its high importance percentage of Carpinus tschonoskii Max. and low in the species diversity index of 0.7424, and has formed stable climax community of Carpinus tschonoskii Max. in Mt. Halla.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3 s.99
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• pp.220-231
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• 2002

The fish fauna and Community were surveyed from April 2000 to September 2001 at 23 stations in the nam river, the first tributary located to the lower reach of the Nakdong River system. During the study period, 39 species belonging to 29 genera and 11 families were collected. Of which 14 species are endemic species or subspecies in Korea. Introduced species from other river system, O. bidens had not been collected at all after the report of Yang (1973) but many individuals were captured at main stream and tributary in this survey. Introduced species from abroad M. salmoides increased at most of stations. Dominant species in main stream were Z. platypus, O. bidens and H. labeo. On the contrary, Z. temmincki, Z. platypus and S. gracilis majimae dominated the tributaries. Diversity indices of main stream and tributaries were 0,979 and 0.966 respectively. St. 3 of main stream and St.1 and 16 of tributaries had high diversity indices (1.05, 0.962, 0.956) and lower dominant indices (0.102, 0.369, 0.200). As a whole, dominant index was 0.160, diversity index 1.044 and evenness index 0.656. It indicated that the community structure of this river was stable and diverse relatively.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a new 3D PUI(Physical User Interface) system in which the index fingertip points and moves a mouse position on a given monitor screen. There are two 3D PUI schemes to control smart devices like smart TVs remotely, the relative pointing one and the absolute pointing one. The former has a problem in that it does not match the human perception process, and the latter requires excessive movement of the body. We combined the relative one and the absolute one, and develop a new intuitive and user-friendly pointing method, 3D PUI. It requires an establishment of a pyramid shape visible area (view volume) to point a mouse position on a screen with the dominant eye. In order to maintain the real-time view volume, however, it requires large computation depending on the movement of the dominant eye. We optimized the computation of the view volume in which it determines the internal and external position on the screen. In addition, Kalman filter is applied with tracing of the mouse pointer position to stabilize the trembling of the pointer and offers the user ease of use.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.93-105
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• 2004

Spatio-temporal distribution patterns of the major dominant species were assessed from bimonthly monitoring of macrotidal flat in Cheokjeon, Incheon, Korea between September 1990 and July 1992. Overall, macrofauna comprised a total of 111 species, 25,491 inds.136 ㎡. The result of Le Bris index, dominance ranking of the lead-ing species showed that the top 15 species accounting for 74.8% (19,072 inds.) of total density. In Cheokjeon tidal flat, some species were especially habitat-restricted such as genus Nephtys (Annelids; Polychaetes) and Mac-rophthalmus (Crustaceans; Decapods). Based on the density data, the five dominant species were the polychaetes Het-eromastus filiformis, the bivalves Mactra veneriformis and Solen strictus, the brachyurans Macrophthalmus japonicus, the holothuriodeans Protankyra bidentata. The results of one-way ANOVA, mean value of H. filiformis and M. ven-eriformis did not show significant changes with tidal elevation and sediment composition (p>0.05). But, other species (S. strictus, M. japonicus and P. bidentata) showed significant variations (p<0.001). In conclusion, these indicate significant spatial fluctuation with tidal elevation and sediment characteristics in some species.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-97
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to obtain the normative data of finger strength using the keyboard and the MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface) software. A total of 92 college students (46 male and 46 female) were recruited from universities located in Seoul and Chungcheong province and an average age was 21.7(SD = 1.8). After the completion of demographic information, each participant asked to press the five keys both in ascending and descending manners with the maximum strength of individual finger. The velocity was obtained as an indicator for finger pressing force by using the MIDI software. Results showed that the individual finger velocity ranged between 77 to 97 (Maximum possible velocity = 127). Regarding male's velocity data, the maximum velocity was found in index finger of dominant hand(96.9), while the minimum strength was found in ring finger of nondominant hand(78.5). Female data appeared to be similar to male's one in terms of maximum strength in dominant index finger(92) and minimum strength in nondominant ring finger(77.5). It also found that the statistically significant differences(p < .05) on finger strength of all fingers between dominant and non-dominant hands except the thumbs(p < .05). The current findings serves as a "normative standard" that proves the validity and effectiveness of hand rehabilitation training program using the electronic keyboard connected with the MIDI software to enhance functional changes in hands.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.421-430
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• 2015

This study was carried out to understand the ecological variations of macrobenthos communities by construction dikes in the subtidal zone of Chonsu Bay. This study analyzed the distribution of benthos, the dominant species, spatial and temporal changes of benthos communities and benthic pollutions in the subtidal zone of Chonsu Bay. A total of 252 species of subtidal macrobenthos with a density of $681ind./m^2$ were studied. In all the seasons, the species diversity was found to be higher near the mouth of the bay. For all the seasons of the year, Lumbrineris japonica was found to be the most dominant species. These dominant species were found to have positive correlations with species diversity and sedimentary parameters such as organic content in sediments. Dominant species of benthos as well as species composition and diversity showed spatial and temporal distribution patterns.Benthic Pollution Index (BPI) values estimated for the stations near the embankment were in the 4~5 levels, which indicates that the organic matter has been polluted. And as for the stations near the mouth of the bay, the BPI values were in the 1~3 levels, which indicates that the organic matter has been relatively less polluted. According to the SAB-curve analysis, the number of transitional point stations became less in the mouth of the bay.