• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제28권5D호
• /
• pp.695-703
• /
• 2008

중국 수처리 시장의 지속적 성장세 가운데 국내 환경기업은 BOT 방식을 통한 환경산업의 중국진출이라는 측면에 많은 관심을 가지고 있다. 그러나 중국 시장은 2000년 이후 중국기업들의 급성장과 동시에 많은 해외기업이 후퇴한 결과 소수 해외기업의 시장 독점화 현상을 보이고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 해외기업의 시장탈피 현상과 관련하여 해외기업의 중국 수처리 BOT시장 참여의사결정에 부정적 결과를 초래하는 주요 시장참여 위험요인을 도출하고 국내건설기업의 관점에서 개별 요인이 의사결정에 미치는 영향력을 분석하였다. 분석결과 고정수익 금지조항 발효 및 낮은 물 사용료와 같은 수익 불확실성과 관련된 요인들의 영향력이 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었고, BOT사업에서 EPC업체 선정시 경쟁입찰의 의무화와 건설법인의 설립 의무화 등도 주요 영향변수로 조사되었다. 후자가 문제시 되는 원인은 현지의 대표적 다국적 전문 수처리 기업은 BOT사업 모델을 투자를 수반한 운영사업으로 인식하는 반면에 국내기업은 대다수 시장후퇴 기업들과 마찬가지로 해외 BOT 진출시 EPC사업 수주를 통한 조기 투자회수를 목표로 하고 있다는 점에 기인하는 것으로 조사되었다. 중국 정부는 본 연구결과물을 근거로 중국내 중장기 수처리시설 수요목표를 달성하기 위한 시장경쟁률 향상 메커니즘에 대한 이해를 높일 수 있으며 국내기업은 중국내 수처리 BOT시장 진입시 주요 의사결정 판단기준과 사업 참여의사결정 시스템 개정 방안으로 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2012

In foreign countries, the use of containers has already been stabilized with their advantages utilized in various forms. Containers are also utilized in Korea as various forms of architecture, but domestic container buildings have poor public consciousness so as to be limitedly utilized as temporary structures based on economic efficiency. Besides, there is the lack of research and development on them. Particularly, despite the advantages of containers as housing facilities, the use of containers as short- or middle-term temporary housing is limited and does not spread. Also, compared to general housing, containers have lower quality of physical environment and even frequently bring about negligent accidents such as fire and electric shock. Thus, this study intends to identify the actual condition of using container houses, the problems in using them, and the direction of improving their residential environment. For this purpose, it analyzes the present condition and characteristics of domestic container housing, and derives conclusions from the focus group interview with 23 residents who have lived in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do for over a year about such survey items as daylighting, ventilation, privacy condition, water service and sewerage, insulation, soundproofing, view, and room scale.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.299-308
• /
• 2006

To utilize a closed municipal solid waste landfill site in environmentally secure conditions, it is necessary to verify the stabilization level of landfill leachate. To assess leachate stabilization of an open-dumping municipal solid waste landfill site (Salmi Landfill) which is located at the vicinity of Chungju Reservoir which flows into Paldang Reservoir utilized as Seoul Metropolitan water supplies, the landfill history and surrounding characteristics of the landfill site were surveyed. In this investigation, waste, leachate, groundwater and surfacewater samples from this landfill were physically and chemically analyzed, and the analysis results were evaluated by 'The Criteria of Landfill Waste Stabilization (CLWS)', 'Discharge Criteria of Landfill Leachate', 'The Criteria of Domestic Use in Groundwater Quality', and 'The Criteria of Domestic Use in Surfacewater Quality' that promulgated by Korean Ministry of Environment. From the analysis results on the Salmi open-dumping landfill, C/N ratio was 18.9 and $BOD/COD_{Cr}$ ratios in leachate were higher than 1/10. Based on the CLWS, this results seemed to imply that the process of leachate stabilization at this landfill was still proceeding.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 2004

To utilize a closed municipal solid waste landfill site in environmentally secure conditions, it is necessary to verify the stabilization level of landfill leachate. To assess leachate stabilization of an open-dumping municipal solid waste landfill (Noeun Landfill) which is located at the upper drainage basin of Namhan River which flows into Lake Paldang utilized for Seoul Metropolitan water supplies, the surrounding characteristics of the landfill site was surveyed. After then, leachate, groundwater and soil samples from this landfill were chemically analyzed, and the analysis results were evaluated by "The Criteria of Landfill Waste Stabilization(CLWS)", "Discharge Criteria of Landfill Leachate", "The Criteria of Domestic Use in Groundwater Quality", and "Soil Contamination Criteria" promulgated by Korean Ministry of Environment. The closed open-dumping landfill was equipped with the final soil cover, 3 groundwater monitoring wells and poor landfill gas extraction devices for the post-closure management of the landfill. BOD/CODcr ratios in leachate were less than or slightly higher than 1/10. This results seemed to imply that the leachate stabilization level of this landfill based on the CLWS was almost completed. Qualities of groundwater sampled from monitoring wells located at outside of landfill were adequate for "The Criteria of Domestic Use in Groundwater Quality". Finally, concentrations of soil contaminants that were likely to be influenced by this landfill site were adequate to "Soil Contamination Criteria".

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.131-148
• /
• 1999

Cheju's local foods are various but Island being geographically surrounded by water, sea-foods play a greater part in the diet that is quite different from the mainland Most of dishes are prepared from local foods and the marine products. That traditional food that have been developed through the lifestyle are now becoming the great interest to both foreign and domestic guests. In this research, we have concluded that developing a cheju's traditional food manu and local manu cooking method. 1. Improvement of cooking method. - development of cheju's traditional Food material and spice. 2. Use not raw fish - boiling, grilling, frying 3. Improvement of cheju's local Food's name. 4. Use the only Boneless fish. 5. taste reformation of Fermentation Food - Masking the TMA etc. 6. Use the many Spice in local food.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2015

There are 5 purification plants with the adopted advanced water purification treatment process in Korea. Annual operating costs were 8,990 million won including purchase cost of oxygen and power usage charges. We need research to optimize, in the future, when considering the direction of domestic water treatment continues to adopt advanced water treatment process. In this paper, calculate the optimal operating costs by injected the oxygen gas, used power cost. approximately 25% of the operating costs can be reduced when injected the ozone gas is 1.0ppm than 2.0ppm, the necessary amount of oxygen is increased then power is lower. so operating costs are decided according to oxygen costs. On the other hand, high ozone concentration 2.0ppm, the necessary power is increased then amount of oxygen is lower. Therefore, in the case of G purification plant, the controlling factor of the input ozone concentration 2ppm, PID control operation by setting the concentration of over 10Wt% is efficient. The installed capacity is the more little the more better when considering on Ozone injection rate in the process of water treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2000

이 연구는 성숙활엽수림 개벌수확지에서 벌채로 인한 토양의 화학성분 및 계류수질에 미치는 영향을 구명할 목적으로 1993년부터 1998년까지 전남 광양 백운산 지역 천연활엽수림 벌채지(서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 부속 남부연습림내 제 26 임반)에서 수행하였다. 이 연구를 위하여 1993년에 벌채한 13ha의 벌채지와 이와 연접한 비벌채지를 조사?연구대상지로 선정하였다. 이 조사지 에서 1993년부터 1998 년까지 토양의 화학성분과 계류수질을 측정?분석한 결과, 벌채후 1년, 2년이 경과되는 동안 전질소, 치환성 이온인 K/sup ＋/, Na/sup ＋/, Ca/sup 2＋/, Mg/sup 2＋/은 벌채전 보다 양적으로는 감소하였으며, 벌채후 5년이 경과된 뒤에는 벌채 2년 경과후 보다 유의적으로 증가하였으나, 토양의 화학성분은 변화하지 않았다. 또한, 벌채 당해년도와 그 다음 해,그리고 벌채후 5년이 경과되었을 때 벌채지 계류수의 BOD, pH등은 하천수질환경기준에 의한 상수원수 1급 기준에 도달하였으며, Cd, Pb, Cu 둥 중금속과 유기인은 검출되지 않았다 계류수의 색도, 탁도, 냄새, 맛, NH/sub 4//sup ＋/-N, NO/sub 3//sup -/-N, 일반세균수, 대장균군 둥 8개 항목은 먹는 물 수질기준에 적합하여 벌채지 인근지역 주민들이 음용수로 이용하는 데에는 영향이 없는 것으로 해석되었다. 그러나 계류수질평가항목 중 BOD는 벌채후 1년, 2년이 경과되는 동안 하천수질환경기준에 의한 상수원수 1급 기준의 최고치인 1 ppm에 도달하는 둥 수질이 악화될 우려가 있기 때문에 대규모 산림 벌채계획은 계류수질보전 을 고려하여 시행하여 야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.83-87
• /
• 2004

지하공동구내에는 전력, 통신, 가스 냉 난방배관 등 생활에 필요한 공작물이 수용되어 있다. 미래에 지하 공동구의 사용은 확대되며, 화재의 위험이 증가될 것이므로 미연에 화재에 대비해야 하며, 지하공동구내 최대한의 연소방지효과를 가져오게 할 수 있는 소화시스템의 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문은 지하공동구내 화재를 진압하기 위한 노즐의 분무분포를 해석하고, 이에 따라 지하공동구의 화재안전성능을 확보하고자 한다. 앞으로 화재 및 재해예방을 위해 국내기술로서 국내 환경에 맞은 소화시스템 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2001

In the past, abundant and clean water was available for paper mills'use. However, the growth of population and industry made water less available nowadays. Also, environmental regulation limits wastewater discharge, which affects mill operation cost. Therefore, paper mills are under pressure to use more recycled water and mill system closure. As a result, chemical and physical parameters of water are changing and new environment if being created for microorganisms in paper mill system as well. The more soluble or suspended organic materials are increased as more water is recycled and less or scarce dissolved oxygen is available, depending on the degree of recycled water usage. Microorganism flora ill paper mill system will be a1so shifted according to the environmental change of mill system. Anaerobic bacteria, including sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), will be dominant in the system as very low or almost no oxygen available in the system. Nevertheless, it is common in domestic paper mills that employ the same and old biocides as a means of microbial control, and microbiological control is often less recognized or even neglected. The right biocide selection for increased reductive environment of mills is critical for operation and estimated loss from paper quality defects such as sheet break, holes due to microbiological cause is tremendous compared to the microbiological control cost. It is imperative to investigate and diagnosis the environmental change of mills for right control of cumbersome microorganisms. Several useful diagnosis tools, including new technology employing OFM(Optical Fouling Monitor) in situ, are illustrated.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.329-332
• /
• 2003

Aquaculture have been important role to supply food resources for mankind. However, competitive power of domestic mariculture industry was declined due to increase of labor and feed expenditures, and quantity import of low-priced livefishes from the developing underdeveloped nations in North and South East Asia. Mass production and quality enhancement can be pointed out to overcome such an industrial environment in this decade. To meet these requirement, movable mariculture base remodeling feasible vessel of chemical tanker or crude oil carrier has been proposed for more advanced mariculture management system by using deep seawater from about 200m which is sustainablely clean, nutrient-rich and cold seawater. Deep seawater can be applied for control of seawater temperature for mariculture base and cultivation phytoplankton and seaweed as feed. Besides mariculture, strategic marketing can be implemented by raw water and ice of deep seawater. Feasibility of applying deep seawater was considered after evaluating general movable mariculture base and management system.