• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.431-444
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• 2010

This research aims at developing a teachers' training program to reinforce teachers' capability to perform the action learning program. To accomplish this goal, the key value of the training program based on action learning, the process of the core learning activities, and the elements to support learners and facilitators respectively were deducted on the foundation of documentary research and case study, based on which, the program was developed through the formative test by professionals and application to the field. This research was applied to 105 middle or high school teachers, the participants of the in-service training on creative problem solving hosted by B metropolitan city for one week (30 hours) from 9 a.m. on Monday, January 25th, 2010 to 4 p.m. on Friday, January 29th. The result of this research is as follows. First, as for the key values of this study, (1) the team-based learning centered on the trainees, not lecturers-oriented, knowledge-transmitting training, is possible, (2)for each process, guidelines, related information, tools, and various kinds of media are supported just in time, and (3)a focus is given on fostering facilitators centered on teachers. Second, the process of the core learning activities of the teachers' training program based on action learning consists of the procedure of a prior lecture${\rightarrow}$break${\rightarrow}$investigation into problems${\rightarrow}$clarification of problems${\rightarrow}$drawing possible solutions${\rightarrow}$decision on the priority${\rightarrow}$making an action plan${\rightarrow}$performance${\rightarrow}$evaluation, and on each stage, the contents for the activities of teachers and learners and detailed supportive elements are offered.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.536-553
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• 1998

Korea supposed the place of origin of soybean. Although it is speculated that it was edible in the era of the Three Kingdoms(A.D. 5-9C), there is no documentary evidence. The first record about the edibility of tofu was written down in the Goryeo dynasty, and there was several documents that tofu was exported to China and Japan in the Chosun dynasty due to excellent manufacture skills for tofu. Tofu has been a good source of protein as a food for the common people, though there were not many traditional kinds. Especially, tofu has been an important vegetarian foodstuff in a Buddist temple, and has been used for vegetable soup and skewered greens necessary for the sacrificial rites of the humbler class as well as of the royal court. We frequently made sliced raw tofu and fried tofu, and it was used for broil, stew, and casserole as well as stuffing. In addition, tofu and its bean-curd dregs were applied of making soy. In China it is assumed that tofu has been eatable since the time of the Han(AD. 1C). Chinese tofu and its products are various and generally 20 different varieties are used. There are many dishes applied of tofu. salted and plain tofu were used as Chinese appetizer dishes. Plain, salted, skinned or deep-fried tofu was stir-fried in an hot oiled pan with vegetables, meats and fishes. Additionally, there are a variety of tofu dishes utilized stewing, frying, steaming, and soup cookeries. Tofu first appeared in the era of the Nara(8C) of Japan and was come into wide use in the era of the Aedo(Tokyo). In Japan tofu and its products are various and introduced in Shojin cookeries prevalent in the Buddist temples. It is especially noticeable that frozen or skinned tofu was used for these. Japanese tofu cooking is more delicate than Korean and Chinese ones, and Japanese people do not use oil. Instead, they in general utilize steaming and broiling cookeries. In the western countries the history of tofu edibility is short. However, their practical application of tofu in the dietary life is very positive.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.49-54
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• 2020

COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to recognize the necessity of information and telecommunications infrastructure which is base of information and telecommunication. This paper discusses the importance of information and telecommunications infrastructure in COVID-19 pandemic and overview proper institutional measures to fulfill state responsibility for establishment and protection of the infrastructure through documentary survey and normative study with juristic consideration. Information and telecommunications infrastructure has critical functions to respond to the pandemic and is one of the key to make digital transformation. A state is responsible for establishment and protection of Information and telecommunications infrastructure. Institutional measures have significance for the state responsibility and they are formed by not only statute but also constitution with making state object provision for establishment and protection of Information and telecommunications infrastructure. This paper shows premise and direction of further studies on related individual legislation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.261-284
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• 2016

Presidential archives have higher historical value than other public documentaries. It is a reliable documentary reflecting aspects of contemporary life and has high value and availability in the education field. This study suggests how to intensify the role as an intelligence service of presidential archives and how to develop the utilized-Presidential Archives mobile education contents in G-learning environments to lead the positive awareness on Presidential archives. After suggesting the 7 levels methods about the development of mobile education contents using presidential archives in G-learning environments, This study shows the case of the applied educational contents on the subject of $5^{th}$ grade at the elementary school. 7 levels methods include pre-planning, pre-design, selecting presidential records, presidential records story-telling, making the storyboard, implementing a game, sharing and assess.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-59
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• 2009

The acupuncture documentary characteristics of the "Chimgugapeulgyeong" can be summarized into 7 parts such as the following. 1. After Imeok(林億)'s revised edition of the "Gapeulgyeong(甲乙經)" was printed during the Song dynasty, there were no reprints during the Southern Song, Geum(金) and Won(元) eras, and the first printed edition that remains today is the 'Uihakyukgyeong edition[醫學六經本]' published by Omyeonhak(吳勉學) during the Mallyeok(萬曆) era of the Myeong(明) dynasty. This publication was put into the "Uitongjeongmaek(醫統正脈)" collection in the 29th year of the Manlleok(萬曆) era(1601). Most of the remaining copies have been restored during the Cheong dynasty at bookstores, and we can see that much was restored because of damage and missing characters. Also, the 'Namgyeokcho edition[藍格抄本]' and 'Yukgyeong edition[六經本]' of the Myeong dynasty do not come from the same original document, which allows the correction of the former in many places. However, this edition was not copied well, so the order of contents is different, and there are many mistakes. The 'Sagojeonseo edition[四庫全書本]' and the 'Gajeong edition[嘉靖本]', which Yeounsu(余云岫) quoted from, coincide with each other, making them worth much reference. So, the "Gapeulgyeong" and 'Yukgyeong edition' should be seen as the original, with the 'Myeongcho edition[明抄本]' as the main revision, and the 'Sago edition[四庫本]' as a reference edition. The so-called 'Chojeongtong edition(鈔正統本)' has many problems and marks of forgery, so therefore cannot be used in revising the "Gapeulgyeong" through comparison. 2. The table of contents[序例] in the front of the current edition was in the original edition and was not added by Imeok. The structure of sentences quoted by medical books before the Song dynasty coincide with this 'table of contents'. The "Gapeulgyeong" of the Song dynasty also coincide with the 'table of contents' but the edition remaining differs much from this 'table of contents' so it was edited or erased by people from future generations, especially after the Song dynasty. 3. The remaining edition of "Gapeulgyeong" consists of at least 4 parts. The original edited by Hwangbomil(皇甫謐), annotations added by medicinal practitioners before the Song dynasty, Imeok's revisionary annotations during the Song dynasty, and annotations after the Song dynasty. 4. Expressions such as 'Somun says[素問曰]' 'Gugwon says[九卷曰]' and explanatory annotations like 'Hae says[解曰]' are old writings from the original text and were not added by someone later. 5. Almost all of the 'Double lined small letter annotations[雙行小字注文]' of the 'Yukgyoeng edition' was by people during the Song dynasty. 6. There are many omitted and wrong letters in the remaining edition and there are also many places where future generations edited and supplemented the text. The table of contents differ greatly from the original text. 7. The medical books that quote "Gapeulgyeong" a lot are "Cheongeumyobang(千金要方)", "Oedaebiyobang(外臺秘要方)", "Seongjaechongrok(聖濟總錄)", "Chimgujasaenggyeong(鍼灸資生經)", "Yuyusinseo(幼幼新書)", and "Uihakgangmok(醫學綱目)" and such. However, the method used in using the text differs between the medical books, so the quotation from the same book comes from a quotation used by a doctor from a different era in one("Cheongeumyobang"), or the quotation was taken from each medical book("Chimgujasaenggyeong") or the quotation was all taken from another book("Yuyusinseo"). The reason we need to know about this problem properly is because we must use medical books that quote the original text of the "Gapeulgyeong" when we are looking for text that we can use to revise through comparison.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.142-153
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• 2019

The Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) left behind a wealth of documentary heritage, including collections of literary works, personal letters, and journals, as well as public documents such as Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (Joseon Wangjo Sillok), Diaries of the Royal Secretariat (Seungjeongwon Ilgi), and State Protocols (Uigwe). Such heritage also includes personal diaries that have been highly regarded for their frank and vivid records of people's lives in the Joseon period. There have been great diaries published and intended for reading by the Korean public, including War Diaries (Nanjung Ilgi, 1592~1598) by Yi Sun-sin and Diaries of Jehol (Yeolha Ilgi, 1780) by Park Ji-won. Unfortunately, a great majority of these personal records remain unknown to the world. Such great records have not been given an opportunity to be documented properly, but are left outside public attention, abandoned to be damaged and destroyed. Few personal diaries of the Joseon period were written on good-quality paper. After the death of their authors, these diaries were left to be kept by their descendants; this explains why many of these records have been in poor condition, particularly when compared with the public records published by the government of Joseon, such as Sillok and Uigwe, even when these were lucky enough to be taken care of by the authors' descendants. Even after surviving a long time, many of these personal records remain in the form of manuscripts, written in semi-cursive and cursive scripts of Chinese characters, thus making it even more difficult for the people of the current generation -- most of whom have not been given an opportunity to learn Chinese characters at school -- to take care of their documentary heritage properly. Meanwhile, it is also true that, as the value of the public records published by the government of Joseon as historical materials has grown, they are used more often as content for TV dramas such as Daejanggeum. At the same time, there have been increasingly louder voices citing the need for the study, preservation, and management of the personal diaries from Joseon. Considering the situation, this study provides a general overview of the personal diaries of Joseon as recently surveyed by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, as well as their characteristic features, subjects, and backgrounds. This study is expected to contribute to future research on the preservation and management of the personal diaries of Joseon.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.24
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• pp.215-274
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• 2010

Iron-making industries of the country, regardless of age has been the focus. This makes the iron production technology and production techniques that result in increased economic activity and because of the central charge. Therefore, the social development of ancient iron-making technology is based on phase-sensitive. Modern steel making up the monopoly of the country's target under the strict control of production, distribution was. It is essential to produce iron weapons was a threat is because you can keep the throne in the hands of the forces that can cause side effects when I went was to block. This study created a rail Cholbi(iron monument) and the regional distribution pattern of the production, construction background, looked on. Cholbi(iron monument) for the production and recording "the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty" often appear in history books and many academic interests, but was off target. Compared to a stone monument that was not generally as well as the Japanese colonial period and over the course of modernization destroyed, damaged a lot of cases the cause may be found in front. Cholbi(iron monument), except for the gravestones of the Joseon Dynasty monument erected in honor of virtue, as an example of content that dominated a packman business, founding of the school and confirmed that a few were built as a special purpose. Cholbi(iron monument) compared to the production technology or the cost of the monument's difficulty in financing follows. Therefore Cholbi(iron monument) the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty through the background of the economic situation and the local government can look. And iron technology began complaining about the object of history, economic conditions, with the change of season has been a change in people's consciousness tells you. Important data of ancient history as an epigraph that has been as important, the Middle Ages to modern times ranging from newly born to the time Cholbi(iron monument) in the development of the country's documentary subject to change should have been brought. Based on these discussions changes the identity of the hero monument and production inspector, review of production through the Joseon Dynasty period Cholbi (iron monument) contemplated the significance is reflected in production.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.53
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• pp.53-72
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• 2011

has become the representative program of EBS after first airing in 2004. After seeing as a media text, this study was fulfilled on the basis of Bill Nichols' "Rhetoric" discussion, in order to analyze the structural method and social meaning of the program. As a result of the study, we were first able to see that was taking form as a documentary to make a constructive statement on current affairs related to Korean society, by mobilizing 'knowledge' related to these issues. Second, the "rhetoric" plays an important role in the program's process to generate meaning, and despite the text being relatively short, the rhetorical process undergone for the generation of meaning has been fully reflected. Moreover, the program was successfully structuring a new method of generating meaning by enthusiastically raising questions and choosing a unique method of vision mix. Third, by looking at the study's results in-depth, we can see that was creating a ideological place for open discussion, which was providing viewers with the satisfaction of overcoming our society's dominating ideology and forming new ones. In that sense, the easily accessible 'knowledge'that surrounds us holds somewhat of a political meaning. On top of that, it can be seen that the program especially, is a media text that holds a cultural political meaning, which is an important factor to consider in the Korean broadcasting industry. In conclusion, we found out that this program uses 'knowledge' to see the possibility of 'knowledge'journalism by making constructive statements through a 'rhetorical' process.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.765-772
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• 2011

Knowledge which is represented by formal logic are widely used in many domains such like artificial intelligence, information retrieval, e-commerce and so on. And for medical field, medical documentary records retrieval, information systems in hospitals, medical data sharing, remote treatment and expert systems need knowledge representation technology. To retrieve information intellectually and provide advanced information services, systematically controlled mechanism is needed to represent and share knowledge. Importantly, medical expert's knowledge should be represented in a form that is understandable to computers and also to humans to be applied to the medical information system supporting decision making. And it should have a suitable and efficient structure for its own purposes including reasoning, extendability of knowledge, management of data, accuracy of expressions, diversity, and so on. we call it ontology which can be processed with machines. We can use the ontology to represent traditional medicine knowledge in structured and systematic way with visualization, then also it can also be used education materials. Hence, the authors developed an Shanghanlun ontology by way of showing an example, so that we suggested a methodology for ontology development and also a model to structure the traditional medical knowledge. And this result can be used for student to learn Shanghanlun by graphical representation of it's knowledge. We analyzed the text of Shanghanlun to construct relational database including it's original text, symptoms and herb formulars. And then we classified the terms following some criterion, confirmed the structure of the ontology to describe semantic relations between the terms, especially we developed the ontology considering visual representation. The ontology developed in this study provides database showing fomulas, herbs, symptoms, the name of diseases and the text written in Shanghanlun. It's easy to retrieve contents by their semantic relations so that it is convenient to search knowledge of Shanghanlun and to learn it. It can display the related concepts by searching terms and provides expanded information with a simple click. It has some limitations such as standardization problems, short coverage of pattern(證), and error in chinese characters input. But we believe this research can be used for basic foundation to make traditional medicine more structural and systematic, to develop application softwares, and also to applied it in Shanghanlun educations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.41
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• pp.185-206
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to improve productivity for maximum effects with the present equipments and staff. This study compared and analyzed the mea-sured time by using stop watch method and MTM, which was the new measuring method. The flow and results of this study were as follows: 1. This study investigated the theoretical background the efficiency for production management, and the way of productivity improvement through documentary research. 2. Setting up the standard flow on the experi-mental company production, making out a process chart and measuring the actual working hour. 3. The study measured the allowance time applying work sampling. 4. Each process of the movement analysis was filmed by video to use basic data. 5. MTM analysis was taken by choosing 10 processes from front bodice according to the basic movement of MTM. Through the results, this study exclude unneccesary movements and suggest a method for working ways. 6. Using the actual working hour measured by a stop watch calculated the pitch time and presumed the amount of daily productivity. 7. The result of the work sampling came out as 38% of allowance rate. It was 13% higher than the standard amount of woman's jacket allowance rate, which was 25%. The most influencing factor was work discussion. That was because there were commuication problem of the work way between the operator and leader. More adequate use of flow table and level passing table was needed. There were the problems that inappropriate places and sizes made the distance of movements longer and often needed more adjustment of works and surroundings. To prevent breakdowns equipments check ups were necessary before works. 8. The results of MTM analysis were as follow : the time was reduced 40% than the actual measured time by a stop watch. This was because the leveling of the operator was included in the real calculation. Also, leveling was included in MTM analysis and all the conditions were standarized. Therefore MTM method was a scientidic measuring way of establishing the standard time. The presented method of this study, suggested an ideal method eliminating unneccesary motions, and presented standardization of works. Improvement of working methods, work condition and simplifying motions in each 10 processes reduced the working time from total 656 seconds to 301 seconds. 9. The way and time of working was linked together in the MTM analysis methods. Thus data from MTM help suggest not only establishing standard time but also establishing stan-dard work. Plus it includes various ability for improvements of working ways. So it is an objective method which can be widely used in other work studies. 10. The function of a time study is to determine the amount of work produced with a given method. The work rate is used to establish the cost of labor. The wage of worker must be calculated per unit time which is deter-mined before the time study is made. This study tried to introduce the incentive rule for deciding wages according to the standard time by MTM method.