• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.357-362
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of keratinase on epidermis of rat skin. Twenty-five male Sprague-Dolly rats were used. The hair on the back were removed and $2{\times}2cm$ area was marked. The rats were divided five groups; 1) Control group(Co), 2) Cleansing gel group(Cl), 3) Cleansing gel+keratinase group, 4) Exfoliant gel group(Ex), and 5) Exfoliant gel+ keratinase group(Ex+K). The solutions were applied to the back area twice a day for five days. On fifth day, the skins were harvested, fixed and prepared for histologic sections. The thickness of keratin layer, living epidermis, dermis, and cell layer number of living epidermis were measured. In the group containing keratinase(Cl+K, Ex+K), the thickness of keratin layer and living layer were thinner than other groups. However, there were no significant differences of the cell layer number of living epidermis and thickness of the dermis among the five groups. We think the keratinase may have the effect thinning the keratin layer as well as the thickness of living epidermis, without effecting the living cell and dermal component. The keratinase containing soap may be of benefit to remove the excess keratin layers in human.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.501-506
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• 1998

In the goby Micropercops swinhonis, the development of its egg's enveloping layers could be divided into 4 stages. In the earliest developmental period, stage I, there is a simple oocyte surrounded by a layer of squamous follicular cells. Stage II corresponds to the yolk vesicle stage of vitellogenesis. Here the initial follicular layer has become bilaminar with the retention of its outer squamous cell layer and the acquisition of an inner cuboidal cell layer just over the zona radiata. The number and size of the cuboidal cells increases throughout this stage. Stage III corresponds to the yolk granule stage of true vitellogenesis. Here the cuboidal cells begin to be replaced by columnar cells. As the oocyte grows, the columnar cells increase in size. The columnar cells produce cytoplasmic neutral mucins and by the end of this stage their cytoplasm has been filled with this mucin. In stage IV a single layer of squamous cells still remained as the outer follicular layer of the oocyte. The secretory activity of the inner follicular layers' columnar cells has ceased and they had lost their cell wall integrity and ended as a series of bullet-shaped, neutral mucin deposits.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate ultrastructural changes according to the radiosensitivity in the spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cell of the seminiferous tubules in Korean native pheasants. During spermatogenetic period, testes were collected from male adult Korean native pheasant and they were used as experimental and control birds. The experimental group was divided into a single-dose whole body irradiation group (400, 600, 800 and 1,000 rads) and a split-dose whole body irradiation groups(400/2, 600/2, 800/2 and 1,000/2 rads). The experimental birds were sacrificed at 24 and 72 hrs after irradiation and the control pheasants were sacrificed at the same time. Ultrastructural changes of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia were investigated by ultrathin section with electron microscope. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The apoptosis was observed after 72 hrs group of the single-dose irradiation of 400 rads. 2. The cytoplasmic organelles of spermatogonia were severely damaged more than that of sertoli cell in 72 hours group of split-dose irradiation of 800 rads. 3. The cytoplasmic organelles of Sertoli cell were severely damaged except the nuclear membrane of Sertoli cells in 72 hrs group of split-dose irradiation of 1,000 rads.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 1999

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is known as a potential hepatic carcinogen by single administration. This study was designed to measure the effects of DEN-induced cell damage on the triglyceride and cholesterol concentration in the liver, excluding dietary effects. Fertilized chicken eggs, 10 days before hatching, were randomly divided into three groups (n=20) and each egg was injected 10 ${mu}ell$ of corn oil (vehicle control), 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of DEN/10 ${mu}ell$ of DEN/10 ${mu}ell$ into yolk via air sac. After 48 hr and 96 hr incubation, the damage of the chick-embryo liver cell was investigated by electron microscopy and by measuring the concentration of lipid components (total cholesterol, free cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride). For eggs administered 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of DEN and incuvated 96 hr, in hepatocyte, the nucleus membrane was roughed, the size of nucleolus was apparently increased and euchromatin was accumulated. Mitochondria were condensed and cristae, located mitochondiral inner membrane, were obscured. Additionally, the leaves of triglyceride and cholesterol classes were significantly increased depend on the amount treated with 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ DEN at 96 hr, but phospholipids component of cell membrane, were decreased with significance. As a conclusion, carcinogen induced hepatic lesion was correlated with the changes in lipid component of liver.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.510-518
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Jaeumyangyung-tang(滋陰養榮場(JY), JA-0.65g/kg;JB-1.3g/kg) on hyperglycemic mice induced with streptozotocin(STZ). Methods : The experiment operated for 6 weeks. The rats were divided into 3 groups : diabetic group(control group), diabetic group treated with JA(0.65g/kg) for 6 weeks, and diabetic group treated with Jb(1.3g/kg) for 6 weeks. Results : In the STZ-induced diabetic group, blood glucose levels significantly increased as well as the loss of body weight. The levels of serum glucose decreased significantly (p<0.05 or p<0.01) in the JA and JB groups compared with the control. According to a tolerance test, intraperitoneal glucose was ameliorated in the JA and JB groups. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels slightly decreased. Histologic analyses of the pancreases revealed that the ${\beta}-cells$ on Langerhans' islets were destroyed by STZ, but the ${\beta}-cell$ mass was larger in the JY than in the control mice. Conclusions : These results indicate that JY can exert beneficial effects on diabetes. preservation of in vivo ${\beta}-cell$ function and regeneration of ${\beta}-cell$ dysfunction by STZ.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.238-241
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• 2017

A study on the visual cell and eyeball of the endemic Korean species Liobagrus mediadiposalis was investigated by light and electron microscopes. The retina of a small and 2 mm-diameter round eye was thin, $151.0{\pm}4.0{\mu}m$ and has two visual cells, a single cone and a rod cell. The single cone cells are short and thick, $18.0{\pm}0.9{\mu}m$ in length and $5.1{\pm}0.7{\mu}m$ (n=30) in diameter, while the rod cells are longer and thinner, $54.8{\pm}2.9{\mu}m$ in length and $3.3{\pm}0.6{\mu}m$ in diameter. The cone cells are seen an irregular and random mosaic pattern, and the rod cells are also randomly situated at between cone cells. As a rare phenomenon, such structure is one of characteristics reflecting the eye of a nocturnal and bottom-dwelling freshwater fish. The ultrastructure of visual cells was observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy, both cone and rod cells are divided into an inner segment with numerous mitochondria and an outer segment with stacks of membrane discs.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.607-613
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• 1992

A tower fermentor equipped with a modified settler was used for ethanol fermentation using highly flocculating yeast, Saccharomyces uvarum. The settler was constructed of glass column divided into two chambers by a funnel shaped divider. Gas was allowed to escape from lower chamber of the settler through a small tube. This design significantly reduced the turbulence in upper chamber of the settler and made it possible to operate at high dilution rate. Using the tower fermentor, the effects of operating conditions such as initial glucose concentration, dilution rate and cell recycle ratio were studied. The maximum ethanol productivity, 64.0 g/l' h was obtained at a dilution rate 1.1 h -1 and a cell recycle ratio 5 with the corresponding ethanol concentration of 58.8 g/l, and cell mass of 88 g/l.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.108-115
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• 2016

Even if ion pumps are widely and mostly used in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions, virtually every existing ion pump has its maximum pumping speed around 1E-6 mbar (1E-4 Pa). Discharge intensity in the ion pump Penning cell is defined as the current divided by pressure (I/P). This quantity reflects the rate of cathode bombardment by ions, which underlies all of the various pumping mechanisms that occur in ion pumps (chemisorption on sputtered material, ion burial, etc.), and therefore is an indication of pumping speed. A study has been performed to evaluate the influence of magnetic fields and cell dimensions on the ion pump discharge intensity and consequently on the pumping speed at different pressures. As a result, a combination of parameters has been developed in order to design and build an ion pump with the pumping speed peak shifted towards lower pressures. Experimental results with several different test set-ups are presented and a prototype of a new 200 l/s ion pump with the maximum pumping speed in the 1E-8 mbar (1E-6 Pa) is described. A model of the system has also been developed to provide a framework for understanding the experimental observations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1331-1337
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• 2006

A mathematical model has been proposed for the batch culture of Agaricus blazei with mixed carbon sources of glucose and dextrin. In the proposed model, the metabolism of A. blazei was divided into three parts: cell growth, exopolysaccharides (EPS) production, and another EPS production pathway activated by dextrin hydrolysis. Each pathway was described mathematically and incorporated into the mechanistic model structure. Batch cultures were carried out with six different carbon source compositions. Although parameters were estimated by using the experimental data from the two extreme cases such as glucose only and dextrin only, the model represented well the profiles of glucose, cell mass, and EPS concentrations for all the six different carbon source mixtures, showing a good interpolation capability. Of note, the lag in EPS production could be quite precisely predicted by assuming that the glucose-to-cell mass ratio was the governing factor for EPS production.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects essential oil from Lavendular officinalis on the production of UVB-irradiated-induced nitric oxide(NO), in vivo and in vitro. NO is a recently discovered mediator of cell communication involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. This enzyme is present in various tissues including smooth muscle cells and macrophages and take part in several immunopathological process. In vitro, the cytotoxicity and cell viability of aroma oil was evaluated by the MTT assay in the concentration of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1%. And, the effect of aroma oil was investigated to production of NO in human fibroblast cells line CCD-986sk ($2{\times}10^5$ cell/well) after UVB-irradiation with aroma oil (0.01, 0.1, and 1%). The result showed that aroma oil did not affected the production of NO. In vivo, it was investigated to production of NO after UVB- irradiation with aroma oil. The experimental groups were divided into four groups. Aroma oil was stimulated the production of NO by itself. As the results, all of the in vitro and in vivo, aroma oil were affected production of NO by dependent the concentration-manners.