• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 1996

Five measurements of species diversity (richness index, diversity index, evenness index, dominance index and species sequences-importance curve) and their relationships with sltitude, tree age and community type were studied in $T\v{o}gyusan$ National Park, Korea. Altitude and tree age were the major variables explaining the differences of species diversity in the whole forest. Species richness index, diversity index and evenness index of Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora communities were lower than those of Carpinus laxiflora, Q. serrata, Fraxinus mandshurica, Q. mongolica - P. densiflora communities than that in the other communities. The species sequence-importance curve of the forest communities in $T\v{o}gyusan$ coincided with the ideal curve calculated by the lognormal-distribution theory.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2014

This research was conducted on the conservation area of Baekdudaegan, Kangwondo under the purpose of evaluating bio-diversity according to the changes of spatial scale, using GIS data and spatial filtering method. The diversity index was calculated based on the information of species of The $5^{th}$ forest type map using Shannon-weaver index (H'), evenness index ($E_i$) and richness index ($R_i$). The diversity index was analyzed and compared according to the changes of 12 spatial scales from Kernel size $3{\times}3$ to $73{\times}73$ and basin unit. As for H' and $R_i$, spatial scale increased as diversity index decreased, while $E_i$ decreases gradually. H' and $R_i$ was highest; each 1.1 and 0.6, when the Kernel size was $73{\times}73$, while $E_i$ was 0.2, the lowest. When you look at according to the basin unit, for large basin unit, 'YeongDong' region shows higher diversity index than 'YeongSeo' region. For middle basin unit, 'Gangneung Namdaecheon' region, and for small basin unit, 'Gangneung Namdaecheon' and 'Gangneung Ohbongdaem' region shows high diversity index. When you look at the relationship between diversity index and Geographic factors, H' shows positive relation to curvature and sunshine factor while shows negative to elevation, slope, hillshade, and wetness index. Also $E_i$ was similar to the relationship between H' and Geographic factor. Meanwhile, $R_i$ shows positive relationship to curvature and sunshine factor, while negative to elevation, slope, hillshade, and wetness index. macro unit diversity index evaluation was possible through the GIS data and spatial filtering, and it can be a good source for local biosphere conservation policy making.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

Based upon the vegetation data of woody plants by plot sampling method in the natural deciduous forest of Mt. Jeombong, the study was carried out to examine importance value, rank abundance curve, and species abundance curve, and comparatively evaluate seven different species diversity indices for Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, McIntosh index, Log series, Margalef index, Berger-Parker index, and species richness, according to topographic positions. The minimal area which meant only few more species were increased was 3.48 ha in total. The dominant species of valley were Carpinus cordata, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Quercus mongolica, Acer mono, and Abies holophylla, and the dominant species of mid-slope were Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Carpinus cordata, Tilia amurensis, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Moreover, the dominant species of ridge were Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Acer mono. According to rank abundance curve and species abundance curve, species evenness was also low. All of Log series, species richness, Margalef, and Shannon-Wiener index discriminated that valley had the highest diversity, and ridge had the lowest diversity; but, Simpson index, McIntosh index, and Berger-Parker index represented that mid-slope had the highest diversity, and ridge had the lowest diversity. Uniquely, in Berger-Parker index, mid-slope was the higher value than total.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2022

Recently, social conflicts have intensified, and a diverse society is to the fore as a solution to social problems. In rural areas, the transition to a diverse society progressed due to population outflow, changes in the agricultural labor force, and an increase in multicultural families. In this study, regional social diversity in Gyeongsangnam province was measured using the neighborhood diversity index and the Simpson index. In addition, the relationship with the regional economy at the county level and township level was analyzed. As a result, it was found that the Gun regions have higher social diversity than the Si regions. and the city area showed a larger index value for residential segregation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.127-134
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to assess and compare the diversity of plant species (trees, shrubs, herbs) of natural forest and plantations. A total of 52 plant species were recorded in the natural forest, of which 16 were trees, 15 were shrubs and 21 were herbs. On the contrary, 31 species of plants including 11 trees, 8 shrubs and 12 herbs were identified in plantation forest. Shannon-Wiener diversity index were 2.70, 2.72 and 3.12 for trees, shrubs and herbs respectively in the natural forest. However, it was 2.35 for tree species, 2.31 for shrub species and 2.81 for herb species in the plantation forest. Jaccard's similarity index showed that 71% species of trees, 44% species of shrubs and 43% species of herbs were same in plantations and natural forest.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.322-330
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• 2014

This study was conducted during May to September in 2012 to investigate the distribution and diversity of beetles in Mt. Jangsan (634 m) located near Busan, Republic of Korea. The collection of beetles was repeated 11 times in the four areas classified according to altitudes 200 m, 400 m, 600 m, and over 600 m (approximately) on the south and north slopes of Mt. Jangsan. A total of 12 families, 20 species, and 4,343 individual beetles were collected. In the southern slopes, a total of 12 families, 20 species, and 2,264 individuals were collected, whereas a total of 12 families, 20 species, and 2,079 individuals on the northern slopes were captured. The monthly emergence of beetles was the highest in August at 651 individuals followed by 516 individuals in September, 496 individuals in July, 364 individuals in Jun, 237 individuals in May. In the northern slopes, the monthly emergence of beetles was the highest in August as 591 individuals followed by 512 individuals in September, 443 individuals in July, 321 individuals in June, and 212 individuals in May. On the southern slopes, the species diversity index, evenness index, and dominance value were 0.950, 0.730, and 0.181, respectively, while in the northern slopes, the species diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index were 0.946, 0.727, and 0.182, respectively. In the both slopes, the species diversity index and evenness index were the highest in May, while dominance index was the highest in September. This study lays the groundwork for further monitoring of these sites and others through the region for environmental changes using the indicator species.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

The present study was undertaken in middle altitudinal (1500 to 2500 masl) moist temperate forest of Mandal-Chopta area in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The aim of the present study was to assess the variation in species composition and diversity in different vegetation layers viz. herb, shrub and tree, at different altitudes. Shannon-Wiener diversity index ($\bar{H}$), $Nha^{-1}$, total basal cover per hectare (G), Simpson concentration of dominance, Pielou Equitability, species richness (SR), Margalef index, Menheink index of species richness and ${\beta}$-diversity were calculated to understand community composition. Tree G ranged from 84.25 to 35.08 $m^2ha^{-1}$ and total stem density varied from 990 to 1470 Nha-1. Total SR (herb, shrub and trees) among different forest types ranged between 31 and 58. Maximum G of herb and shrub layers was recorded at lower altitudes between 1500 and 1650 masl. ${\beta}$-diversity was higher in herb layers as compared to tree and shrub layers. Dominance-diversity curves were also drawn to ascertain resource apportionment among various species in different forest types. Values of species diversity, $\bar{H}$, $Nha^{-1}$ and G were higher in the study area as compared to similar forests growing in other parts of Uttarakhand Himalaya.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Species diversity is one of the most important specifications of biological societies. Diversity of organisms, measurement of variety and examination of those hypotheses that are about reasons of diversity are such as affairs that have been desired by the ecologists for a long time. In this research, diversity of plant species in forest region, numbers of 60 sample plots in 256.00 square meters have been considered in random - systematic inventory was considered. In each sample plot, four micro-plots in 2.25 square meters in order to study on herbal cover, were executed that totally 240 micro-plots were considered. At each plot six diversity indices in relation to physiographic factors (slope, geographical aspect and altitude from the sea level) were studied. The results indicate that species diversity is more in the northern direction and also species diversity in slops less than 30% has the most amounts. Factor of altitude from the sea level did not have meaningful relation with species diversity. Through study on correlation of the numbers of species in sample plots with indices and also process and role of indices in different processors of analysis, Simpson's reciprocal index was suggested as suitable index in this type of studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.81-100
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• 2024

This study analyzed the national diversity of journal editors and authors, focusing on international journals in library and information science, and quantified it through Simpson's Diversity Index. In addition, LIS journals were clustered according to diversity indicators and their characteristics were analyzed, and it was also confirmed whether nationality diversity of editorial members could induce nationality diversity of authors. As a result of the analysis, first, the diversity index of the editors of the LIS (Library & Information Science) international journal was found to be 0.64, which is less than the diversity of the authors, which is 0.76. It was confirmed that as the diversity of nationalities among editorial committee members increases, it is possible to attract authors of various nationalities (r = .79). Second, journals in the IS (Information Science) field showed a high index before or after 0.8 for both editorial members and author contributing countries, but those in the LS (Library Science) field showed relatively low scores, especially among the editorial members, with a very low index of 0.48. Third, the United States has the highest share of both authors and editors, and in particular, it has been confirmed that the LS field has an overwhelming share of 53.39% of editors. On the other hand, in Asian countries, including Korea, the ratio of contributions as editors compared to contributions as authors was found to be lower than in the United States and European countries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.2089-2093
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• 2017

The past decades have been a golden era during which great tasks were accomplished in the field of microbiology, including food microbiology. In the past, culture-dependent methods have been the primary choice to investigate bacterial diversity. However, using culturein-dependent high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes has greatly facilitated studies exploring the microbial compositions and dynamics associated with health and diseases. These culture-independent DNA-based studies generate large-scale data sets that describe the microbial composition of a certain niche. Consequently, understanding microbial diversity becomes of greater importance when investigating the composition, function, and dynamics of the microbiota associated with health and diseases. Even though there is no general agreement on which diversity index is the best to use, diversity indices have been used to compare the diversity among samples and between treatments with controls. Tools such as the Shannon-Weaver index and Simpson index can be used to describe population diversity in samples. The purpose of this review is to explain the principles of diversity indices, such as Shannon-Weaver and Simpson, to aid general microbiologists in better understanding bacterial communities. In this review, important questions concerning microbial diversity are addressed. Information from this review should facilitate evidence-based strategies to explore microbial communities.