• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1664-1672
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to measure genetic diversity and to determine the relationships among fourteen goose breeds. Methods: Microsatellite markers were isolated from the genomic DNA of geese based on previous literature. The DNA segments, including short tandem repeats, were tested for their diversity among fourteen populations of geese. The diversity was tested on both breeds and loci level and by mean of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and structure program, phylogenetic tree and population structure were tested. Results: A total of 108 distinct alleles (1%) were observed across the fourteen breeds, with 36 out of the 108 alleles (33.2%) being unique to only one breed. Genetic parameters were measured per the 14 breeds and the 9 loci. Medium to high heterozygosity was reported with high effective numbers of alleles (Ne). Polymorphic information contents (PIC) of the screened loci was found to be highly polymorphic for eleven breeds; while 3 breeds were reported moderately polymorphic. Breeding coefficient ($F_{IS}$) ranged from -0.033 to 0.358, and the pair wise genetic differentiation ($F_{ST}$) ranged from 0.01 to 0.36 across the fourteen breeds; for the 9 loci observed and expected heterozygosity, and Ne were same as the breeds parameters, PIC of the screened loci reported 6 loci highly polymorphic and 3 loci to be medium polymorphic, and $F_{IS}$ ranged from -0.113 to 0.368. In addition, genetic distance estimate revealed a close genetic distance between Canada goose and Hortobagy goose breeds by 0.04, and the highest distance was between Taihu goose and Graylag goose (anser anser) breed by 0.54. Conclusion: Cluster analyses were made, and they revealed that goose breeds had hybridized frequently, resulting in a loss of genetic distinctiveness for some breeds.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.18-22
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• 1974

Counts of herb stems were made with each systematic grid sized 10cm by 1300cm within six apparently homogeneous herb layers under the open young Japanese red pine, Pinus densiflora, stands. The stands had often been subjected to strong human interferences such as burning, cutting, grazing, and denuding since human settlement until the conservation scheme practiced in these stands for last decade. In addition, amounts of loss of ignition and field capacity were determined to detect soil heterogeneity among and within the stands. The values of information measure of diversity(H), and Hurlbert's probability of interspecfic encounter(Δ), obtained here do not show any consistent correlation. The amount of interspecific competetion(Δ1), the ratio of interspecific to intraspecific competetion(Δ4), Levin's niche breadth(Sh), and species evenness(V), increase, while the amount of intraspecific competetion decrease, as the soil factors become favorable. One stand examined does not follow the above trends, which is more young and shows strong within site heterogeneity of the soil factors. The stand includes pioneer species which is not detectable without detailed observation. It is argued that in stable or favorable environment more intense interspecific competetion and less intraspecific competetion might occur, but this situation does not necessarily always bring smaller niche breadth. In this connection, the results support Hurlbert's contention that the two components of diversity should be analyzed separately.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.208-219
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• 2014

This work aims to establish the landscape ecological countermeasures to improve the sustainability of urban mountain forest and to enrich the biodiversity in twenty mountains of the Seoul Metropolitan City. Landscape ecological analysis was conducted based upon various criteria, such as area and elevation of mountains, flora, naturalized plants, vegetation, forest types, mountain trails, and public facilities. Various measures were suggested for the better maintenances of floristic diversity, introduced plants, vegetation and forest types of urban mountain forests. Sustainable recommendations for land use adminstration were developed for the preparations of a climate change-adapted urban mountain forests, as well as rational managements of ecosystem, walking trails, and public facilities within mountain forest. Rich and diverse natural vegetation as well as high floristic diversity were reported at mountains with higher elevations, larger area size, and rich landscape diversity. Mountains with low elevation, small size with easy public access, however, might require an urgent action to decrease the burdens by anthropogenic disturbances and urban development.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.75-87
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• 2012

This study was to investigate the conversion intent of fashion store among college undergraduates. The conversion intent in internet shopping mall and local store was associated with store attributes and relationship quality. A random sample of undergraduate students completed a questionnaire that contained measure of Store attributes, Relationship quality, Conversion intent of fashion store. The results revealed that store attributes of local store were store comport/salesman service, product diversity, store location, price and the store attributes of internet shopping mall were product diversity/easy of navigation, store reliability, screen configuration, sales promotion. Also, the result founded that the conversion intent of fashion store is related to store comport/salesman service in local store and is related to product diversity/easy of navigation, screen configuration, promotion in internet shopping mall. Relationship quality is highly effected of the conversion intent of local store and internet shopping mall. We expect that this research results can be used as a basic material for another study and setting up the marketing strategies in fashion store.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.597-602
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• 2007

데이터 마이닝 분야에서 앙상블 모형의 유용성은 널리 인정되고 있다. 앙상블을 구성하는 단위모형들 사이의 다양성이 보장되는 경우, 최종 모형의 정확성 및 안정성이 향상되기 때문이다. 하지만, 얼마나 많은 단위 모형들이 어떤 방식으로 결합되어야 하는가에 대해서는 아직도 더 많은 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 신용카드 부정사용 유형 중 하나인 현금불법융통 문제에 대해 앙상블 모형의 유용성을 검증하고자 한다. 부정행위 적발 모형은 전형적인 분류 문제의 한 유형이나, 클래스간 불균형이 매우 심하다는 특징이 있다. 따라서, 현금불법융통 문제에 적합한 다양성(Diversity) 척도를 개발하여 최소한의 단위모형들로 앙상블 모형을 구성하는 방안을 제시하였다. 축소된 앙상블 모형이 많은 수의 모형을 결합한 앙상블 모형과 거의 같은 정확성 및 안정성을 보임을 국내 신용카드사의 실제 자료를 사용하여 입증하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 1996

The genetic variation in Korean evening primorse (Oeothera odorata L.) populations was examiend to estimate the level of allozyme variation within populatons using starch gel electrophoresis. 7 of 13 loci (Adh, Est-1, Est-2, Mdh-2, Pgd-2, Pgm-1, and Idh) revealed (Ps=43.2%) were polymorphic. The mean number of alleles per locus (A) and polymorphic locus (Ap) for populations were 1.64 and 2.46, respectively. The effective number of alleles (Aep) within populations relatively was low ranging from 1.08 to 1.22 with a mean of 1.14. Within populations, the mean number of allele per polymorphic loci (Ap) was 2.46, the mean number of alleles per locus (A) was 1.64, and the mean genetic diversity was 0.093. About 2.7% of the total allozyme diversity resided among populations (Mean GST=0.0274). FIS, a measure of the deviation from random mating within 13 populations, was relative low (mean FIS=0.03636). The indirect estimate of gene flow, based on the mean GST, was high (Nm=8.88). Estimates of gene flow were consistent with low levels of genetic differentiation among populations.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

In this paper, a design method of fault-tolerance is presented for the nuclear digital control systems composed of software and hardware. As a quantitative design method measure of fault-tolerance, we used Reliability, Availability and Safety. To implement the proposed fault-tolerance, a prototype system has been devised for the digital control systems and a quantitative method of 'Markovian Model' is applied. The results provide the appropriate degree of redundancy and diversity, and fail-safe.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.951-963
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• 1991

In this paper M-ary Psk system for digital land mobile radio utilized the raised-cosine filter instead of LPF with rectangular frequency characteristic as luniting channel bandwidth are implemented to measure their performance and effect of ISI and jitter. Also the error probability is calcylated on the condition of fast Rayleihg fading, cochannel interference and AWGN, It is found that QPSK and 8-PSK system with 2-branch diversity, can be improved by 3 or 5 time of spectral effciency respectively, comparinng with one of the non diversity QPSK and 8.PSK system.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.275-301
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• 2020

We analyze state-level matching efficiencies in the Indian labor market using stochastic frontier analysis. The key contribution of this research is the estimation of matching efficiencies at the state level because these can be used for a state-level measure of labor market conditions. Next, we explore the relationship between the estimated matching efficiencies and population density, labor market flexibility, and the Ease of Doing Business index, respectively. The results show that matching efficiency is heterogeneous across states with considerable variation in accordance with the regional diversity in India. However, we find that there is little relationship between the estimated matching efficiencies and the labor market conditions of interest, suggesting that other regional diversity affects matching efficiencies across states in India.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.7
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a window-based mechanism visualization approach as an alternative way to measure the seriousness of the difference among data-insights extracted from a composite biodata point. The approach is based on two components: undirected graph and Mosaab-metric space. The significant application of this approach is to visualize the segmented genome of a virus. We use Influenza and Ebola viruses as examples to demonstrate the robustness of this approach and to conduct comparisons. This approach can provide researchers with deep insights about information structures extracted from a segmented genome as a composite biodata point, and consequently, to capture the segmented genetic variations and diversity (variants) in composite data points.