• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2000

Hepatoprotective, diuretic and anti-inflammatory activities of the water extract of Portulaca oleracea were studied. The extract showed 59.4% in s-GPT and 55. 8% in s-GOT compared with sylimarin against $CCl_4$ intoxication and 43.7% diuretic activity compared with furosemide in mice. It showed 61.8% anti-inflammatory activity compared with indomethacin against the carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 1996

5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT, serotonin), when given into the vein, produced antidiuretic action accompanied with reduction of glomerular filtration(GFR), renal plasma flow(RPF), osmolar clearance(Cosm) and amounts of sodium or potassium excreted in urine( $E_{Na}$ , $E_{K}$), with the augmented reabsorption rates of sodium and potassium in renal tubules. 5-HT, when infused into a renal artery, exhibited diuretic action accompanied with the augmented RPF and increased $E_{Na}$ and $E_{K}$ in only infused kidney. Antidiuretic action of 5-HT infused into the vein was not influenced by ketanserin, 5-H $T_2$receptor blockade, given into a renal artery, vein or carotid artery, by methysergide, 5-H $T_1$receptor blockade, given into a renal artery, whereas above antidiuretic action was inhibited by methysergide given into vein or carotid artery. Diuretic action of 5-HT infused into a renal artery in only experimental kidney was blocked by ketanserin injected into a renal artery, was not influenced by methysergide administered into a renal artery. Above results suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) produced the antidiuretic action through central 5-H $T_1$receptor and the diuretic action through 5-H $T_2$receptor located in renal tubules of kidney.ney.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 1986

This study is an attempt to investigate the effects of the water extracts of the whole plants of Prunella vulgaris (Labiatae) and Thesii chinense (Santalaceae) on the acute toxicity, the activities on central nervous system and the diuretic action. The acute toxicities shown by $LD_{50}$ were estimated to be more than 3000 mg/kg p.o. and 1,000 mg/kg s.c. in the extracts of Prunellae Herba and Thesii Herba, respectively, in mice. The extracts at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg p.o. did not show any activities on central nervous system, i.e, sedative, analgesic, hypothermic and anticonvulsant actions. The urination in rats was increased by 45.5% and 57.6% when 100mg/kg of each of the extracts were given orally. The results obtained revealed that the water extracts possessed weak diuretic actions without any of central nervous system activities. Furthermore, it is considered that the potassium in the extract may play a role in the diuretic action.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.178-192
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• 1983

Polygalae Radix was used as diuretics, analgesics and expertorants in oriental medicine. The root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. (Polygalaceae) is comprised saponin (Onjisaponin A,B,C,D,E,F and G) polygalitol, onsitin and sugars. The pharmacological action of crude Polygala-saponin (PS) obtained from the roots are studied. The following results were obtained; 1) The median lethal dose $(LD_{50})$ of PS in mice is presented 71.1mg/kg s.c. and 694. 5mg/kg p.o.. 2) PS demonstrated diuretic action of relatively long acting duration in mice. 3) The diuretic mechanism of PS was found due to inhibitory effect of renal tubular reabsorption of electrolytes and glomerular vascular dilatation. 4) The group, administered simultaneously PS and cefadroxil monobydrate was significantly increased with PS alone group on diuretic action. Synergistic effect cefadroxil monohydrate on the diuretic action of PS seems due to competitive inhibition of plasma protein binding with PS. 5) PS demonstrated analgesic action by the acetic acid stimulating method and Randall-Selitto test in mice. 6) PS presented antipyretic action against febrile treated with the typhoid vaccine. 7) PS was significantly prolonged against the hypnotic duration of pentobarbital in mice. 8) Onset time convulsion and death induced by picrotoxin and strychnine in mice were not delayed. According to the above results, the PS was identified as a pharmacological active component obtained from roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 1999

Glibenclamide(GLY)(1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg), an ATP-dependent $K^+$ channel blocker, when given into the vein in dogs, produced the diuretic action accompanied with the increase of osmolar clearance($C_{osm}$), urinary excretion of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ ($E_{Na}$, $E_K$), and with the decrease in reabsorption rates for $Na^+$ and $K^+$ in renal tubules ($R_{Na}$, $R_K$), and then ratios of $K^+$ against $Na^+$($K^+$/$Na^+$) were decreased. GLY did not affect mean arterial pressure at any doses used. At a low dose(0.1 mg/kg), GLY injected into a renal artery brought about the diurectic action in both experimental and control kidney, however at a higher dose(0.3 mg/kg), GLY appeared significant diuretic action in the control kidney, but not in experimental kidney and the decrease of glomerular filtration rates(GFR), renal plasma flow(RPF), $E_K$, and the increase in $E_{Na}$. In the control kidney, these changes in renal function exhibited the same aspect as shown in intravenous experiments. In experiments given into carotid artery of GLY(0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg), changes in all renal function included the increase in urine volume were the same pattern as shown in intravenous experiments. The above results suggest that glibenclamide produces diuretic action through central function and the action site of the GLY in kidney is the renal distal tubules in dogs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.351-356
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• 1997

This study was performed in order to investigate the effect of renal denervation on diuretic action of UK 14, 304, $\alpha$$_2$-Adrenergic Agonist, administered into the vein and the carotid artery in dog. The diuretic action of UK 14, 304 administered into the vein or the carotid artery was reversed to the antidiuretic action by renal denervation, this time, the decrease of N $a^{+}$excretion amounts in urine ( $E_{Na}$ ) and the increase of N $a^{+}$ reabsorption rates in renal tubule ( $R_{Na}$ ) were exhibited. This results suggest that central diuretic action of UK 14, 304 is mediated by renal nerves and the antidiuretic action of UK 14, 304 in denervation kidney is caused by the increase of N $a^{+}$reabsorption rates ( $R_{Na}$ ) in renal tubules in dog.n dog.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 1994

The need for assessment of ureteric function in the patient with an obviousely dilated ureter has increased particularly with the added spectrum of asymptomatic patients presenting with hydrone-phrosis and hydroureter on antenatal and perinatal ultrasound. To assess the influence of ureteral status on kidney washout during $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA diuretic renography, ureteral images were reviewed in 80 children referred for hydronephrosis. A scintigraphically abnormal ureter was defined as an intense and continuous image of > 10 min during diuretic renography. Out of them, a total of 16 nephroureteral systems in 12 children with scintigraphically abnormal ureter were analyzed. A diuretic washout index using response half time (t1/2) by linear fitting after lasix injection, was determined on renal (Kt1/2) and ureteral (Ut1/2) curves (diuretic renogram vs. diuretic ureterogram). Diuretic ureterogram curve patterns corresponding to normal (type I), obstructive (II) and non-obstructive (III) cases were described. Compared with X-ray data, diuretic renography was highly sensitive (88%) and specific (99%) for detecting any ureteral abnormality. Despite an obstructive Kt1/2 (>20 min), no patient with an abnormal ureter underwent therapy at the ureteropelvic junction because the hydronephrosis regressed after surgery at the lower level. Our data indicate that the abnormal ureter findings during diuretic renography have to be recognized before therapy for children with hydeonephrosis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2007

Dichrostachys cinerea (Linn.) is commonly known as Vadatalla and used as phytotherapeutic agent. Tender shoots of the plant bruised and applied to the eyes in case of ophthalmia. The root is astringent and used in rheumatism, urinary calculi and renal troubles. The effect of the Ethanolic and aqueous extract of the root of D. cinerea were studied for its anti-urolithiatic and diuretic activity at 200 mg/kg dose level in male Wistar albino rats. Ethylene glycol feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calcium and phosphate. Supplementation with aqueous and ethanolic extract of the plant significantly reduced the elevated urinary oxalate, showing a regulatory action on endogenous oxalate synthesis. Compared to ethanolic extract, aqueous extract exhibited significant anti-urolithiatic activity. Both the extracts showed significant diuretic activity. The results of our present study supports folklore claim of D. cinerea.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 1971

The existence of oxytocin in the pituitary gland of chicken has been ascertained, but its physiological roles are still obscure. In the study the action of oxytocin on renal function of the chicken was investigated during water diuresis, utilizing clearance and the Sperber technique. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Oxytocin, like in many species of mammals, elicited a profound diuretic response in the chicken. Urine flow, excretion of electrolytes, as well as glomerular filteration rate increased, with intravenous infusion of $3{\sim}10\;m{\mu}/kg/min$. Oxtocin, infused into the renal portal circulation via hindleg vein in a dose of $3{\sim}13\;m{\mu}/kg/min$. elicited marked increase in urine flow, glomerular filteration rate and sodium excreted in the urine. The diuretic effect was more pronounced in the infused side. It is suggested that diuretic response to oxytocin in the chicken results from dual action of oxytocin: increase of GFR and inhibition of sodium reabsorption on the renal tubule. The possibility that oxytocin might act through some endogenous substances could be ruled out.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2005

The crude methanolic extract of the leaves of Amoora cucullata Roxb. was investigated for its possible anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenin induced rat paw edema model and cotton pellet implantation method in rat. The extract was also studied for its antinociceptive activity using acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. At the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, the extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in both models. At the same doses, the extract also significantly reduced the number of acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction (writhing) in mice. The crude extract also showed significant diuretic activity in albino mice.