• Fourth Industrial Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

Purpose - O2O (online to off-line) is a new economic concept being emerged in the 4^th industrial age. Automobile distribution is also undergoing a change to the O2O system. In overseas, vehicles are already being sold through various online platforms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic and foreign automobile distribution structure and intends to suggest the desirable direction of automobile sales in the 4th industrial age. Research design, data, and methodology - Through the investigation of previous studies and the actual cases, the advantages and disadvantages and trends of different types of automobile distribution structures. Result - It can be seen that domestic and foreign automobile brands have quite diverse distribution structures such as direct managed system, agency system, dealer system, direct sales system, online system and online/offline parallel system. Each type has its own characteristics. Conclusion - The distribution structure of automobiles is very diverse, and in particular, it is rapidly changing to an online sales system thanks to the development of information and communication technology and Internet technology and the popularization of smartphones. Through the online system, consumers can quickly and conveniently obtain vehicle information. Although the online sales system has many advantages, it requires continuous management

• Fourth Industrial Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Purpose - O2O (online to off-line) is a new economic concept being emerged in the 4^th industrial age. Automobile distribution is also undergoing a change to the O2O system. In overseas, vehicles are already being sold through various online platforms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic and foreign automobile distribution structure and intends to suggest the desirable direction of automobile sales in the 4th industrial age. Research design, data and methodology - Through the investigation of previous studies and the actual cases, the advantages and disadvantages and trends of different types of automobile distribution structures. Result - It can be seen that domestic and foreign automobile brands have quite diverse distribution structures such as direct managed system, agency system, dealer system, direct sales system, online system and online/offline parallel system. Each type has its own characteristics. Conclusion - The distribution structure of automobiles is very diverse, and in particular, it is rapidly changing to an online sales system thanks to the development of information and communication technology and Internet technology and the popularization of smartphones. Through the online system, consumers can quickly and conveniently obtain vehicle information. Although the online sales system has many advantages, it requires continuous management.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.9
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• pp.1199-1208
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• 2013

In recent years, the development of application programs for distribution system analysis and control has been essential part for distribution management system (DMS). In this paper, we propose the common database for application programs of distribution management system. The proposed database model has several characteristics as followings. First, the proposed database model is designed for the common use of almost the whole distribution application software. The static equipment model and dynamic type tables are mixed and the parallel table structure is applied. Second, the linked list structure of database are used for the fast processing of applications. The database model includes the hierarchy and non-hierarchy distribution system structure. Third, the reduction method of distribution database is applied. For this, we present the network reduction rules. The basic concept of reduction rules are the electrical unification of successive line section which has not lateral branches and the removal of simple lateral branches which has no devices and other laterals. Proposed database model is tested for the Jeju system of Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). Through the test, we verified that the proposed database structure can be effectively used to accomplish the distribution system operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.574-590
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• 1994

The purpose of this research is to provide a plan for improvement distribution structure of Korean fashion industry. This research points out the importance of Korean fashion industry and the change of consumer consciousness which is followed by domestic fashion market and also) this study deals the present condition of fashion distribution industry in Korea, the effects of opening of the distribution structure, the characteristics of domestic's and advanced contries, the problems of them and providing the improvements. 1. Korean fashion industry is needed to change to 'the industry of living culture' 2. Promodern distribution structure in Korean fashion industry has to be turning out to the distribution industry. 3. The returning goods system and buying system of department stores in Korea have to be executed gradually and also the corporation with department stores and fashion organizations are needed. 4. The information system which can make connection from up stream to down stream is needed . 5. It is needed that renovation of technology and development of manpower.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2006

In general, the distribution structure of marine products is very vulnerable to the uncertainties in the process from the production to the sale, and a lot of difficulty is thus inevitable in the supply control. Such a distribution structure is a very critical issue in securing the suability of marine products through systematic quality and hygiene control of marine products, and it is thus time to discuss the method to innovate and restructuring the distribution structure of marine products. From this point of view, this study approached the flow from production to consumption in view of SCM(supply chain management) beyond the partial discussion conducted so far for the distribution structure in the field of marine products. Further, this study suggested the establishment of electronic commerce systems with a traceability system built in RFID for marine products as an alternative of redesigning distribution infrastructure in the ubiquitous environment. From the results, we assured that such an electronic commerce system would be a new measure to improve the structure currently causing inefficiency and excessive distribution cost for the distribution structure of marine products.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.1270-1275
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• 2009

The structure of a power distribution system will change in a loop configuration such as in the case of a smart grid. If power distribution system changes radial to loop form, the structure may have to be changed significantly. Therefore, we analyzed the reliability indices and calculated a CIC(Customer Interruption Cost) for the loop power distribution system. The power distribution system reliability depends on the protection scheme. This study is applied to the current protection scheme method and is compared with each model. When the CIC was evaluated, most studies performed calculations only for sustained interruptions. However, in actuality, momentary interruption frequencies occurred more than sustain interruptions. Thus, it is occurred the CIC additively. Therefore, we evaluated a CIC including momentary interruption, for each model, and then compared with MAIFI(Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index)

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.200-210
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• 2000

Distribution Activity for customer is preferred at Physical distribution system in e-commerce, so fast delivery and low distribution cost determine the core competency of enterprise. Because there is no cooperative system between with distribution centers in traditional distribution system, it is difficult to optimize the system. The purpose of this paper is to propose a cost structure model for multi-stage distribution system, which is used for determination of joint lot size and optimal demand and transportation policy. It is expected to contribute to development of algorithm for joint distribution system, which is minimized the transportation cost by the result of this cost structure model.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2011

In this paper, we focused on the loop distribution system to solve the international issues of energy depletion and global warming. The conventional method of reconfiguration of distribution system was moving open points of switches from an actual switch position to another, while an appropriate switch must be opened to preserve the radial structure and this procedure is continued til there is no further loss reduction. However, the loop distribution system is the best optimization method to minimize loss than the other methods which is preserving radial structure. So we analyzed 3 types of loop distribution system upgraded from radial distribution system by changing normally open switch to normally closed switch. The simple 3 types of model system for simulation were composed, and each types of loop system were simulated in accordance with varying parameters. As a result of simulations, the loss reduction was different for each types of loop distribution system and each loop types have constraints for composing loop distribution system. The algorithms propose the method how to construct loop distribution system regarding constraints. Type I that needs least requirements get least loss reduction and Type III that needs most requirements get maximum loss reduction. On the other hand, Type I was most feasible distribution system to be realized.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.435-438
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• 2000

Diameter distributions describe forest stand structure information. Prediction equations for percentiles of diameter distribution and parameter recovery procedures for the Weibull distribution function based on four percentile equations were applied to develop prediction system of even-aged slash pine stand structure development in terms of the number of stems per diameter class changes. Four percentiles of the cumulative diameter distribution were predicted as a function of stand characteristics. The predicted diameter distributions were tested against the observed diameter distributions using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test at the ${\alpha}$=0.05 level. Statistically, no significant differences were detected based on the data from 236 evaluation data sets. This stand level diameter distribution prediction system will be useful in slash pine stand structure modeling and in updating forest inventories for the long-term forest management planning.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze heterogeneous distribution of branch-like structure at downstream region of inner spray. The previous many studies about diesel spray structure have yet stayed in the analysis of 2-D structure, and there are very few of informations which are concerned with 3-D analysis of the structure. The heterogeneous distribution of droplets in inner spray affects the mixture formation of diesel spray, and also the combustion characteristics of the diesel engines. Therefore, in order to investigate 3-D structure of evaporative spray the laser beam of 2-D plane was used in this study. Liquid fuel was injected from a single-hole nozzle (l/d=5) into a constant-volume vessel under high pressure and temperature in order to visualize the spray phenomena. The incident laser beam was offset on the central axis. From the images analysis taken by offset of laser beam, we examine formation mechanism of heterogeneous distribution by vortex flow at the downstream of the diesel spray. As the experimental results, the branch-like structure formed heterogeneous distribution of the droplets consists of high concentration of vapor phase in the periphery of droplets and spray tip of branch-like structure. Also the 3-D spatial structure of the evaporative diesel spray can be verified by images obtained from 2-D measurement methods.