• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.72-76
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• 2011

Antimicrobial activities of the Acidic Liquid originated from Carbonized Rice Hull(ALCRH) and the paper treated with ALCRH were investigated to apply ALCRH to functional paper products as a natural antimicrobial agent. ALCRH showed antimicrobial activity for bacteria and yeast, with higher performance for bacteria than for yeast. Antimicrobial activity was not developed on paper coated with ALCRH by bar coater probably due to the evaporation of antimicrobial compounds of ALCRH from the paper surface with time. Saturation of paper with ALCRH was essential to develop antimicrobial activity on the paper. Dipping paper in ALCRH solution was recommended as one of the effective ways to make antimicrobial paper.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.459-463
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• 2006

For the purpose of developing liner board for water-resistant corrugated board in the cold chain system, several types of base paper for corrugated board were purchased from the market and 6 different boards were produced in the paperboard mill by applying the chemicals on the base paper. Then, water-moisture resistant performance and physical properties of the boards were evaluated and compared each other. The liner board which is dried at high temperature with pressure by the Condebelt showed a superior performance in strength over conventional liner boards. Strength of the board increased by surface chemical treatment up to 60% of compressive strength and 30% of bursting strength. Starch insolubilization with Ammonium-Zirconium -Carbonate and surface coating with a surface size and a moisture resistant chemical on CK paper showed the best result. Therefore, this method was recommended to produce the outer liner board for water -resistant corrugated board.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2015

Agricultural products packaged for transportation are put in the various dangerous environments owing to the damage factors like vibration, shock, compression, climate etc. under the distribution process. On fruits packaging for transportation, especially, the shock and vibration is considered as the most important damage factors. A major cause of shock damage to fruits is drops during manual handling. Especially, the damages of fruits during the parcel delivery service are very serious. The parcel delivery services of fruits are increasing and contribute to increasing of farm house earning. Also, the freight vehicle is mostly used to transport the fruits. Shock and impact generated by the freight vehicle may give serious damage to fruits. The optimum packaging design of parcel delivery service of fruits during transportation is required to reduce the fruits damages. In order to design the packaging system for parcel delivery service of fruits considering the transportation environment, the comprehension of characteristics for vibration and shock generated by manual handling and acting on transportation vehicles under various road conditions and loading methods is required. This research was performed to analyze the shock characteristics, acceleration level and power spectral density (PSD) during the parcel delivery service of fruits. The overall level of recommended PSD profile in a specific transportation of parcel delivery service for fruits was $0.63G_{rms}$.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.402-408
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• 2016

생표고버섯 생산 농가에서 일반 판매처까지 보관 및 유통 단계를 거치면서 변화하는 온도 조건에 노출된 제품의 품질을 향상하기 위해 1차 개별포장과 2차 포장을 결합한 active 마스터 포장 시스템을 적용하였다. 외부 2차 포장에는 이산화탄소 흡수제인 $Ca(OH)_2$와 수분 흡수제인 고흡수성 고분자를 sachet 형태로 만들어 포장에 적용했다. 낮은 온도로 유지되는 저장단계에서는 1차 개별포장과 2차 포장의 결합한 형태로 수송 및 유통되고, 높은 온도에 노출되는 판매단계에서는 2차 포장을 해체한 후 판매가 진행되도록 하였다. 판매단계에서 2차 포장을 해체하면 온도 상승으로 인한 호흡 증가로 포장 내 산소 고갈과 높은 농도의 이산화탄소 축적을 막을 수 있으며, 급격한 생리장해를 억제할 수 있다. 수송 및 저장 단계에서 포장 내 기체조성과 온습도를 측정하고, 판매단계에서 포장을 개봉하여 생표고버섯의 품질을 측정하였다. 관행적인 방법인 통기성 천공 포장을 대조구로 하여 같은 조건으로 수송 및 유통, 판매를 통해 처리구 포장의 품질과 비교하였다. 이산화탄소 흡수제인 $Ca(OH)_2$와 수분 흡수제인 고흡수성 고분자를 봉지 형태로 만들어 함입시킨 active 마스터 포장 시스템은 유통 저장 단계에서 포장의 기체 이동과 이산화탄소 흡수제의 효과로 인하여 개별 포장내에 산소 농도가 9~11%, 이산화탄소 농도가 1~4% 범위를 얻을 수 있어서 품질보존에 도움이 되는 변형기체가 형성되었다. 처리구 간에 따른 경도와 표면색택, 호기성 세균수 등의 품질 변화에 대해서는 유의적인 차이를 확인할 수 없었으나, 대조구에 비해 이산화탄소 흡수제와 수분 흡수제의 처리구가 부패율 감소와 곰팡이/효모수의 성장억제 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 농가에서 포장 전 예건처리를 할 수 없는 상황이기 때문에 계절적인 요인에 따라 이산화탄소 흡수제와 수분 흡수제의 양을 조절한다면 active 마스터 포장 시스템의 효과를 볼 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2001

국내 무의 유통 및 포장실태를 조사하고자 1999년 11월부터 2000년 4월까지 생산지별로 전북, 강원지역의 무에 대해 산지, 소비지를 대상으로 출하처, 출하방법을 조사하였고 품위의 경우는 태백, 경기와 청양 지역을 중심으로 개당 무게, 길이, 폭, 높이 및 부피를 조사하였으며 소매단계 포장단위, 포장재를 소비지역의 대형 소비처를 중심으로 조사하였다. 유통 및 거래관행은 산지에 따라서 재배기간 및 출하방법이 달랐다. 출하처나 출하방법도 전북과 강원 지역간에 차이가 심한 것으로 나타났다. 지역별로 품위를 조사한 결과. 태백산 무에서 부피 편차가 다른 지역에 비해 큰 것으로 나타났다. 산지 포장화 실태는 포장농가에서는 강원지역 고랭지 무를 중심으로 이뤄지고 있고 직거래(백화점 등 유통업체 또는 농협 물류센터의 계통출하)시 8kg 골판지 박스나 PE대($3{\sim}4$포기용)를 Wooden-Collar에 적재하고 있으며 생산자 단체를 중심으로 포장화가 시도되고 있다. 경제성 분석결과 산물 출하가 포장 출하에 비해 더 경제적이었다. 포장화율을 높이기 위해서는 박스구입비, 상하차비 등을 지원하는 방안이 적극 검토되어야 한다고 사료되었다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2023

The proportion of agricultural products handled through the Agricultural Products Processing Center (APC) is also steadily increasing every year, and in the case of Seongju Korean melon, a total of 10 APCs of Nonghyup and farming association corporations are in operation, and the distribution ratio is about 60% based on total production. In this study, Seongju Korean melon was selected as a target to analyze the environment load during carrying (production farm ~ APC) in the production area and the transport environment load during distribution of domestic fruits, and to analyze the environmental load for handling at APC. The vertical average vibration intensity (overall G_rms of 1~250 Hz) of truck transport measured at three transport routes from Seongju Korean melon producer ~ APC, Seongju ~ Seoul and Seongju ~ Jeju was about three times larger than that in the lateral direction and 4.5 times larger than that in the longitudinal direction, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of high-amplitude events (G) in the vertical direction compared to the measuring time was deeply related to pavement conditions in the order of unpaved farm-roads, concretepaved farm-roads, and asphalt-paved main-roads, but overall G_rms for the entire frequency band is believed to have a greater impact on vehicle traveling speed than road conditions. On the other hand, the difference in the size and direction of the vibration intensity measured by the forklift truck's main-body and the attachment (fork carrier) during handling at Seongju Korean melon APC was clear, and the vibration intensity of the forklift truck's main-body was largely affected by the stiffness of the fork and the mast according to the handling weight. Based on the field-data of the transport environment during domestic distribution measured through this study, it is believed that it is possible to develop a lab-based simulation protocol for appropriate packaging design.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2005

During handling unitized products, they are subjected to a variety environmental hazards. Shock and vibration hazards are generally considered the most damaging of the environmental hazards on a product, and it may encounter while passing through the distribution environment. A major cause of shock damage to products is drops during manual handling. The increasing use of unitization on pallets has been resulted in a reduction in the manual handling of products and with it a reduction in the shock hazards. This has caused and increasing interest in research focused on vibration caused damage. the use of pallets as a base for unitizing loads, aids in the mechanical handling, transportation and storage of products. Besides aiding in the handling, transportation and storage of products, a pallet also acts on and interface between the packaged goods and the distribution environment. The determination of the impact deformation of the cushioning materials such as tray cup (polymeric foam) and corrugated fiberboard pad must be carried out to design the proper packaging system providing adequate protection for the fruit, and to understand the complex interaction between the components of fruit when they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs. In this study, the theoretical analysis of impact deformation for cushioning materials by dynamic vibration. The impact deformations of SW and DW corrugated fiberboard pad in acceleration amplitudes of 0.25 G-rms and 0.5 G-rms that were usually generated in transport vehicles during distribution environments were very small compare with the thickness of corrugated fiberboard pad. The maximum of vibration acceleration level of tray cup by vibration impact was about 3.2 G-rms. The theoretical allowable acceleration (G-factor) of the pear was 0.7102 G-rms, and the maximum dynamic deformation estimated within G-factor was about 1 mm.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2021

Agricultural corrugated fiberboard packaging boxes frequently experience damage due to loading and unloading, vibration during transport, and shock by dynamic distribution condition change. This study was carried out to estimate effect of vibration during distribution process on compression strength of corrugated fiberboard boxes for agricultural products. In order to identify the degradation caused by vibration, after box packaging the agricultural products(tangerine or cucumber), the natural frequencies of the packaging boxes were measured by varying the relative humidity(50, 70 and 90%) at 25℃ temperature. Various types of corrugated fiberboard boxes were packed with tangerines and cucumbers, and the PSD plot vibration tests were conducted by utilizing the actual vibration recording results of the Gyeongbu Expressway section between Seoul and Gimcheon. As a result of the experiment, the decrease in compression strength of the box was relatively low in DW-AB, and the decrease in compression strength of the SW-A 0201(RSC) type box was the highest at 20.49%. In particular, both SW-A and DW-AB showed low compression strength degradation rates for open folder type boxes. The moisture content varies depending on the type of the box or agricultural products, and the enclosed 0201(RSC) type box was generally higher than the open folder or bliss type box, which is believed to be the reason for the decrease in compression strength of RSC type box due to humidity. By the agricultural product, the percentage of decrease in compression strength of box packed with cucumbers was especially high.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2000

If optimum design technique is applied in the design of packaging container for bulk materials, merits on the side of not only economic and compression performance but distribution efficiency are expected. In this study, on the ground of the optimum models for required board area and compression strength performance, optimum design program having faculties of outward and inward optimum design and information design was developed. This program was composed of input module, output module, database and management module, and calculation module. Though the packaging specifications ars same, requied board area, board composition and cost of container were greatly different according to exterior packaging conditions. Also, about 12% in weight of container was lighter, and about $13{\sim}17%$ in cost of container was reduced when the program was applied for 2 kinds of bulk materials.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.152-166
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• 2020

Background: Ginsenosides, which have various physiological activities, are known to be abundant in the leaves and roots of ginseng. Ginseng sprouts can be used as a fresh vegetable and roots, stems, and leaves of ginseng can be consumed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide treatment and the modified atmosphere (MA) packaging method in suppressing quality deterioration during the distribution of ginseng sprouts. Methods and Results: Ginseng sprouts were packed using Styrofoam, barrier film + non gas treatment, barrier film + gas treatment, 15 ㎛ polyamide (PA) double film + non gas treatment, 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment, 25 ㎛ PA film + non gas treatment, or 25 ㎛ PA film + gas treatment. Quality parameters including gas composition, relative humidity, chlorophyll SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) value, firmness, and rate of quality loss in ginseng sprouts were monitored at the following temperatures: 20℃, and 10℃. Ginseng sprouts packaged with 25 ㎛ PA film showed loss in quality because of wilting owing to low relative humidity within the film. Chlorophyll and firmness did not differ between film and gas treatments. The time point at which the combined loss from softening and decay owing to fungal, and bacterial infection and wilt reached 20% was considered the limit of distribution. At 20℃, the packaging not included in the 20% distribution loss rate limit or up to 7 days was 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment. At 10℃, the packaging not included in the 20% distribution loss rate limit for up to 18 days were barrier film + gas treatment and 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment. Conclusions: The film packaging suitable for the distribution of ginseng sprouts was found to be the barrier film and PA film with low gas permeability and maintaining hygroscopicity at 95% relative humidity. To prevent the loss in quality of ginseng sprouts, gas treatment (8% of O₂ and 18% of CO₂) in the film was found to be more suitable than no gas treatment for inhibition of decay.