• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

Purpose: In the digital age, visual cues in computer-mediated environments are becoming a very popular means of communication. Therefore, it is a very critical market for marketers to utilize for marketing communication and platform providers and manufacturers of mobile devices which create and distribute the visual cues While the prevalent research on visual cue consumption focuses on the positive side, the dark side of consuming visual cues has not been investigated. Therefore, in this research, the dark side of using visual cues, such as difficulties and problems in their application, will be investigated. Research design, data, and methodology: Due to the nature of this study, a netnography approach was adopted. Twitter which the users regularly utilise visual cues in their communications was a prime source for data of this research. Results: This research suggests that visual cue users experience anxiety about the subordination of expression and suffer from the myth of an ideal practice of expression. Conclusions: As the previous research emphasised the complementary role of visual cues, has failed to recognise the problems associated with the extensive and growing dependence on visual cues. This awareness demonstrates that we need to take a careful approach to visual cue usage.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2018

Purpose - This research aimed at exploring the mediation roles of the arousal and pleasure in the effects of the congruity between visual sensory cues of a retail store and consumers' self-image on the intent to reuse the store. Research design, data, and methodology - The data from 278 Chinese consumers who answered the questionnaire online were analyzed by using structural equation model of Amos 21.0 program to verify the hypotheses. Results - Store's visual sensory cues congruent with consumers' self-image directly affected the intention to reuse the store, and had positive impacts on both their arousal and pleasure states. The consumers' pleasure positively influenced on their intention, but their arousal did not influence on the intention. Consumers' pleasure played mediation roles in the effect of the congruity on the intention to reuse the store. Conclusions - Retail store marketers should pay attention to visual sensory cues to match the cues to consumers' self-image, when designing their store settings. When developing the cues, to help consumers feel pleasure which in turn, induces loyalty to their store, the marketers should develop the atmosphere setting in the respects of the congruity between the visual sensory cues and the self image.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2021

Purpose: This study to seek to answer two research questions in distribution science: what photo decoration cues in online grocery stores could be identified? Could photo decoration cues significantly effect on the affective perception and behavioral intention of consumers? Research design, data, and methodology: his study conducted a laboratory experiment with a 2×2×2 factorial design to validate the proposed research model and test our proposed hypotheses. Research design, data and methodology: Two stages experiments were adopted in this study, among 360 voluntaries who have had an experience of online grocery shopping, 331 valid data had been collected and analyzed using MANOVA and PLS-SEM algorism. Results: (1) both reflective surface and complementary goods layout lead to visual appeal and shopping enjoyment; (2) contrast color usage positively impacts on visual appeal while does not significantly affect shopping enjoyment; (3) consumers' affective responses positively impact attitudes toward product and store which in turn lead to purchase intention and store loyalty. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Conclusions: Using the media richness theory, visual rhetoric theory and visual design literature as the theoretical foundation, the study provides a solid foundation to comprehend the impact of photo design artifacts on consumers' affective responses when online consumers shopping online for fresh grocery.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to identify the effects of communication cues, anonymity, and social presence on group polarization in computer-mediated communication (CMC) settings. Extant literature has introduced some theoretical backgrounds of social presence and SIDE (Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects) to explain the effects of communication cues and anonymity. The concept of social presence emphasized the mediating role on communication cues and anonymity. However, most literature did not measure social presence and compare group polarization of all condition groups. This does not sufficiently explain the result of group polarization. Research design, data, and methodology - We believe that the direct impact of anonymity on group polarization can provide a more admissible and clearer explanation for the results. In addition, this study categorizes anonymity into two levels, as anonymity of group and anonymity of self. To justify the anonymity view, a laboratory experiment was conducted. The experiment was conducted in communication cues settings (visual cue; without visual cue) and anonymity settings (identified; anonymous). Each of the four settings has 10 groups consisting of five subjects each (total 200 subjects). The subjects are undergraduates from a large university, majoring in business. All experimental procedures and calculations of choice shift and preference change follow the literature. Results - First, the removal of visual cues does not produce a significant impact on group polarization, which cannot be explained by the social presence view. Second, the anonymous condition does not significantly affect group polarization, which also cannot be explained by the social presence view. However, the anonymous condition directly affects group polarization. Specifically, anonymity of self has a stronger effect on group polarization than anonymity of group. The result explains about the leading factor affecting group polarization. This study examines another view of how computer-mediated communication may be associated with group polarization. The process and outcome data from the experiment reveal that group polarization is not affected by level of social presence, but by level of anonymity. Group discussions conducted with visual cue CMC setting and identified CMC setting result in weaker group polarization. Conversely, group discussions conducted without visual cue CMC setting and anonymous CMC setting lead to stronger group polarization. The results of the study have the following implications. First, they provide clues for business organizations to design the most appropriate media conditions and preemptive social conditions to implement when making group decisions through CMC, to maximize achievements, generate amicable agreements, or actively share information. Second, this study can be useful in analyzing different adverse effects generated through Internet use. Conclusions - This research can help explain discussions and decision-making actions on Internet forums, which have recently increased, as well as providing a foundational basis in newly establishing policies for the forums. Finally, it should be noted that many other factors such as group size, topics, and group history may affect group polarization. These should be examined in future studies.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.283-300
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• 2012

Wind-induced vibrations of buildings can be perceived when movement of objects caused by the vibration is seen. However, movement of objects that would normally be expected to trigger visual perception of building vibrations is not necessarily seen in actual building environments. Therefore, to evaluate habitability to building vibrations, it is necessary to examine the influence of movement of objects on vibration perception taking into account probability of seeing the objects. As the first step in this study, those data necessary to estimate probability of vibration perception from seeing of swaying objects have been measured during normal activities in actual buildings. In addition, statistical analysis of the data has also been carried out. As the second step in this study, the probability distribution of vibration perception by visual sensation is estimated using the series of data measured in the first step. Probability of seeing object is considered in the estimated probability distribution.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.614-625
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• 2021

This study investigates how visual appearance of pork cuts affects consumer preference. Images of pork belly, Boston butt, and loin were chosen on the basis of visible fattiness and used to analyze consumers' perception of the appearance of each pork cut. Meat color and visible fat proportion of images of pork cuts were analyzed by the researchers before conducting the survey. A total of 211 pork eaters evaluated the pork cuts based on appearance (lightness of color, redness, visible fat proportion, and fat distribution), preferability, and overall acceptability. Also, muscle pieces from different pork cuts were taken and the relative area composition of muscle fibers was measured. Based on survey results, correlation between visual traits and preferences of each pork cut was analyzed. The survey results showed that preferred pork appearance varied as per each individual's favorite pork cut. Also, the respondents evaluated visual characteristics and preference for each pork cut differently possibly due to the different visual characteristics of each cut. Correlation analysis between visual traits and preference indicated that overall acceptability of pork cuts was mainly influenced by fat preference, followed by color preference. Fat and color preferences for each pork cut were affected by various visual attributes including redness, lightness of color, visible fat proportion, and fat distribution, but their effects were considerably varied among different pork cuts. Thus, Korean consumers perceived and assessed pork appearance using various quality cues but the evaluation depended on which cut was being observed.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.213-232
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• 2014

의류제품 온라인쇼핑몰의 고객확보 경쟁이 날로 치열해 짐에 따라 쇼핑몰 재방문도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 쇼핑몰의 VMD는 소비자의 쇼핑몰 선택에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인으로 평가되고 있다. 기존연구에서 VMD가 소비자 선택과 쇼핑경험에 미치는 영향은 규명되었지만, 소비자의 목적지향적 특성에 따라 소비행동(선택과 평가, 성과반응)에 어떤 차이를 보이는지에 대한 연구는 부족하였다. 일반적으로 소비자는 쇼핑몰이나 제품을 평가하고 선택할 때 다양한 전략을 사용한다. 소비자가 사용하는 전략과 개인적 목적지향 성향의 적합성에 따라 소비행동과 성과평가에 차이를 보일 가능성이 높다. 최근 이와 같은 개인특성을 설명하는 이론이 조절초점이론이다. 본 연구는 인터넷 쇼핑몰 상황에서 VMD 요소가 개인적 목적지향 성향인(조절초점)에 따라 소비자 반응(쇼핑몰 충성도)에 미치는 민감성에 차이가 있는지를 실증하였다. 실증연구는 두 개의 연구로 진행되었다. [연구 1]에서는 소비자의 초절초점이 온라인 쇼핑몰 VMD 요소의 평가에 차이가 있는지를 검정하였다. 분석결과, 향상초점 성향이 강한 소비자는 시각적요소와 엔터테인먼트 속성에 민감한 반면, 예방초점 소비자는 안전과 프라이버시 속성을 더 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 조사되었다. [연구 2]에서는 온라인 VMD의 지각된 가치가 충성도에 미치는 영향에 있어 소비자 조절초점의 조절효과를 검정하였다. 조절회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 향상초점 소비자는 쾌락적 가치가 충성도에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 반면, 예방초점 소비자는 실용적 속성이 충성도에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2018

Purpose - It has already been proved that 'mood' as the physical environment of shopping affects consumers' main sensory channels such as sight, hearing, smell, touch. However, there is no consensus on how the olfactory cue influences the customers in the shopping environment. In this study, we examine the previous studies on how the olfactory cue affects the customers in the shopping environment and present a clear direction as a suggestion for progressive research. Research design, data, and methodology - It is not important to use a lot of unconditional fragrance, but it should be exposed to the environment that suits the proper fragrance. In recent years, meaningful research on store fragrance has been slowly increasing. As a result, studies on the fragrance effects of retail stores have been conducted to verify the relevance of fragrance suitability in stores and consumer spending scale. Results - The fragrance appropriate for each store can not be uniformly specified as any fragrance. This is because external variables such as time, season, temperature, lighting, density of shoppers, and music in the store also affect customer evaluation. For example, using an unsuitable fragrance may encourage customers to leave the store quickly by restraining impulsive purchases or by disturbing concentration. The store manager should also be interested in using fragrances that are proven and effective in the store environment, but they should also have the ability to easily manipulate and manage the fragrances very appropriately according to changes in the store environment. Store managers should observe consumer preferences and responses according to their goals and strategies, and then systematically manage and store information about the fragrance appropriate to the store. Conclusions - In the future, the fragrance marketing researcher needs to consider the spatial form and density of the customer. In practice, managers operating a retail store should check the most appropriate store density(congestion) according to the size and spatial characteristics of the store and maintain the ideal conditions. To do this, it is necessary to pay attention to how to select and control sensory elements such as fragrance(olfactory), music(auditory), and lighting(visual).