• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권12호
• /
• pp.283-293
• /
• 2021

To verify the employment impact of two-directional FDI, the study analyzes panel data composed of 26 OECD countries from 2006 to 2018 by using the system GMM. Furthermore, we decompose domestic employment into types of industries and skill compositions to identify the heterogeneous employment impact. The results show that inward and outward FDI at lag one period promote domestic employment at the overall level. In terms of workers' skill levels, lagged inward FDI significantly persistently promotes high-skilled workers' employment, likewise, the positive employment impact also appears with a time lag in low-skilled labor subgroups. Outward FDI, on the other hand, initially inhibits both high- and low-skilled labor demand, but then changes to a positive effect in the highskilled labor subgroups. Although there is a time difference between inward and outward FDI, it has a significant and positive impact on employment in the manufacturing and service industries. The results indicate that the relationship between manufacturing and service employment is a mutual substitute. To attract international investors, governments should promote a favorable investment climate and maintain stable economic growth. Because low-skilled labor is more susceptible to changes in FDI, policy measures are required to ensure employment stability.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to clarify the behavioral extraction and ability of venture merchants, who actively challenge commerce in the face of harsh living environments. Research design, data and methodology: Adopting the concept of retail functions and retail skills, this study examines how venture merchants perform retail functions, and identifies the required retail skills. This study analyzed primary data obtained through an interview with a bookstore called Lunuganga. Results: The venture merchant purchases products based on his self-assertion and creates an original "store identification." Moreover, he draws a changing "own-store customers image" and acquires "own-store customers," that is, customers acquired by him by building an original store identity. He sells products to "own-store customers" who identify with the store. The retail skills identified as required by venture merchants to carry out such retail functions were "skill to draw a store identification" and "skill to draw own-store customer image." Conclusions: Venture merchants' unique retail functions and retail skills suggest a new basis for the existence of small and medium-sized retailers. It is necessary to build a generalized theoretical hypothesis model by refining the concept presented in this paper by repeating research targeting venture merchants in the same industry and different industries.

• 기술혁신연구
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.185-207
• /
• 1996

It is frequently pointed out that the Korean economy, with its scarce natural resources, would never have been able to achieve current levels of economic development without the massive provision of well-educated, hardworking human resources. Throughout the industrialization process ,full-fledged deployment and mobilization of qualified human resources have been the foundation to industrial policy and S&T policy. This paper describes the development of S&T human resources in Korea using various statistics including educational enrollment rates, unemployment rates, the allocation of researchers and R&D expenditures among sectors of performance, educational composition of employment within and across industries, technical human resource shortage rates, relative wage levels of SMEs, and composition of labor force by age-group and gender. While analyzing S&T human resources development, this paper discusses issues such as the mismatched demand and supply of skill and knowledge levels of the highly educated, the unbalanced distribution of S&T human resources between sectors, and the low utilization of the female and aged labor force. This paper suggests that the policy maker applies a hybrid of quantitative and qualitative policies to reduce the mismatches of supply and demand of skill and knowledge levels for each labor market categorized according to supply side.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2019

해양사고를 야기한 선원의 행동오류를 식별하는 것은 해양사고의 예방 또는 저감에 관한 연구의 기초가 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 선원들의 행동오류를 세 가지 행동(즉, Skill, Rule, Knowledge)으로 모델링하는데 필요한 최적의 확률분포함수를 추정하는데 있다. 본 저자들의 사전 연구에서 획득한 해양사고 종류별 행동오류 데이터를 이용하여 세 가지 행동오류에 최적인 확률분포함수를 추정하고, 확률분포함수에서 도출한 확률 값들 사이의 유의성을 검증하였다. 확률분포함수 추정에는 최우추정법(Maximum Likelihood Estimation, MLE)을 적용하고, 유의성 검증에는 분산분석(ANOVA)를 이용하였다. 실험결과 여덟 가지 해양사고 종류별 세 가지 행동으로 각각에 대해서 최소의 오차를 갖는 확률분포함수를 추정할 수 있었다. 이를 이용하여 계산한 여덟 가지의 해양사고 종류에 대한 세 가지 행동오류들의 확률 값들은 통계적인 유의성이 관측 되었다. 또한, 행동오류가 해양사고에 영향을 미치는 것으로 관측되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.431-438
• /
• 2014

Type I hybrid censoring scheme is the combination of the Type I and Type II censoring scheme introduced by Epstein (1954). Epstein considered a hybrid censoring sampling scheme in which the life testing experiment is terminated at a random time $T^*$ which is the time that happens rst among the following two; time of the kth unit is observed or time of the experiment length set in advance. The likelihood function of this scheme from the Rayleigh distribution cannot be solved in a explicit solution and thus we approximate the function by the Taylor series expansion. In this process, we propose four dierent methods of expansion skill.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
• /
• pp.585-587
• /
• 1998

In 22.9 kV-Y distribution lines, Several kinds of over-voltages occur. These over-voltages are usually surge types except controling the bus voltages for line voltage drop. The measuring over-voltages in 22.9 kV lines is a very difficulty skill. This paper introduces the study on the measurement system of over-voltages in 22.9kV distribution lines. It has been researching in KEPCO since 1995.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제58권8호
• /
• pp.1512-1518
• /
• 2009

Recently, new dispersed power sources such as photovoltaics, wind power, fuel cell etc. are energetically interconnected and operated in the distribution systems, as one of the national projects for alternative energy. This paper deals with the optimal countermeasures for the mal-function of protective devices at primary feeder in distribution systems when new power sources like photovoltaic (PV) systems are interconnected, based on the symmetrical components of short circuit studies. When new power sources are considered to be interconnected to distribution systems, bi-directional power flow and interconnection transformer connection of new power sources may cause the operation problems of protective devices (mainly re-closer), since new power sources can change typical characteristics of distribution systems. Therefore, this paper shows an analysis skill of the mal-functional mechanism of protective relay and proposes the optimal solution for the mal-function problem using the symmetrical components of fault analysis. And, this paper also shows the effectiveness of proposed method by the simulation at the field distribution systems.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제20권10호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This research aims to find the link between public service Distribution and individual job performance in the provincial municipality. Research design, data, and methodology: This is a quantitative approach study with a non-experimental and correlational design. The sample consisted of 140 employees appointed and hired by the provincial municipality of Huaraz. For data collection, Two questionnaires with an ordinal Likert-type scale and the Rho Spearman correlation coefficient were used to assess the link between the research variables., For Analysis: two questionnaires with an ordinal Likert-type scale and the Rho Spearman correlation coefficient were used to determine the connection between the research variables. Results: It was determined that both variables have a high degree of correlation (0.725), indicating a direct and significant relationship between the Distribution of public service and skill performance in the provincial municipality (0.614). Conclusion: Finally, this allows us to conclude that the institutional context is essential; that is, there is a significant correlation between the PSM and contextual performance in the provincial municipality of Huaraz, which has a Rho Spearman value of 0.723.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate hamstring length during static uprighting position using weight distribution ratio. Methods: Ninety-six volunteers(56 males) were participated. The active knee extension test(AKE) was measured 3 times on both legs. The mean score of AKE was obtained. Then, the measurement of weight distribution ratio was observed 3 times on both legs, and its mean value was also calculated. Subjects were divided four groups based on their hamstring length measurement; both hamstring shortening group, left hamstring shortening group, right hamstring shortening group and normal hamstring length group. One-way ANOVA was employed to analyse collected data. Pearson's correlation was also hired to see any relationship between the hamstring length and the weight distribution. Results: In anterior/left area and posterior/right area, both hamstring shortening group left hamstring shortening group were superior to right hamstring shortening group and normal hamstring length group. Significant difference was existed statistically(p<.05) between groups. The correlation analysis between hamstring length and weight distribution ratio has not been shown any significant findings(Pant/post=0.733, Plt/rt=0.135). Conclusion: The results of the study may be applied to therapeutic management in posture and movement skill in musculoskeletal physical therapy.

• 대기
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.509-520
• /
• 2018

The performance of the newly designed Pusan National University Coupled General Circulation Model (PNU CGCM) Ensemble Forecast System which produce 40 ensemble members for 12-month lead prediction is evaluated and analyzed in terms of boreal winter temperature over South Korea (S. Korea). The influence of ensemble size on prediction skill is examined with 40 ensemble members and the result shows that spreads of predictability are larger when the size of ensemble member is smaller. Moreover, it is suggested that more than 20 ensemble members are required for better prediction of statistically significant inter-annual variability of wintertime temperature over S. Korea. As for the ensemble average (ENS), it shows superior forecast skill compared to each ensemble member and has significant temporal correlation with Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) temperature at 99% confidence level. In addition to forecast skill for inter-annual variability of wintertime temperature over S. Korea, winter climatology around East Asia and synoptic characteristics of warm (above normal) and cold (below normal) winters are reasonably captured by PNU CGCM. For the categorical forecast with $3{\times}3$ contingency table, the deterministic forecast generally shows better performance than probabilistic forecast except for warm winter (hit rate of probabilistic forecast: 71%). It is also found that, in case of concentrated distribution of 40 ensemble members to one category out of the three, the probabilistic forecast tends to have relatively high predictability. Meanwhile, in the case when the ensemble members distribute evenly throughout the categories, the predictability becomes lower in the probabilistic forecast.