• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.509-517
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• 2009

Seagrass meadows are important biogenic habitats for a wide variety of marine animals and plants, a source of organic carbon for commercially important animals, and act as a nutrient filter in estuarine and coastal ecosystems. As such, mapping the distribution of seagrass beds provides us with an important component of management and conservation strategies. To survey seagrass distribution within Deukryang Bay, we directly observed seagrass beds using SCUBA in Boseong-gun, Goheung-gun, and Jangheung-gun. Seagrass distribution in Geogeum and Gumdang islands were not observed. Specifically, we monitored the distribution area, species composition, morphology, density, and biomass of seagrass meadows. Seagarss beds were mapped for Daikum-ri coast, Deukryang island, Yongjeong-ri coast, Samsan-ri coast and Ongam-ri coast. Total seagrass coverage in Deukryang Bay was $5.1\;km^2$, $4.8\;km^2$ of which was Zostera marina, $0.3\;km^2$ Z. caulescence and $0.01\;km^2$ Z. japonica. Z. japonica was found in intertidal zones, Z. marina was found from the intertidal to subtidal zones of 2 m MSL (mean sea level) depth, and Z. caulescence was found in subtidal zones of 2.5-5 m MSL.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2018

This study aims is to explore of the theoretical concepts of regional imbalances and spatial inequality, analysis of spatial distribution of economic growth and identifying of "growth poles" for sustainable development in the regions of Kazakhstan. Based on the theoretical views, we conclude that the key direction of regional policy is the search and development of "growth poles", which will distribute their potential equally to backward regions. The authors propose the methodological tools for presenting a standard form of evaluation of spatial distribution and inequality of the regions of Kazakhstan. This study confirms the importance of using of proposed methods and its application for objectively and realistically defines "growth poles" for sustainable development. Further, the obtained results showed the distribution of Kazakhstan's regions by economic growth and specialization with using modified index of KDI. According to the results of this theoretical and empirical study proved that distribution of the regions of Kazakhstan and results of KDI indexes shows that the spatial differentiation of economic development, but its level and dynamics are different in different respects. In addition, according to the conducted survey, we conclude that one of the most important tasks is sustainable growth based on "growth poles" for sustainable development.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.129-139
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• 2005

This paper proposes a framework of Operational Risk-based Business Continuity System(ORBCS), and develops protection system for operational risk through operational risk assessment and loss distribution approach based on risk management guideline announced in the basel II. In order to find out financial operational risk, business processes of domestic bank are assorted by seven event factors and eight business activities so that we can construct the system. After we find out KRI(Key Risk Indicator) index, tasks and risks, we calculated risk possibility and expected cost by analyzing quantitative data, questionnaire and qualitative approach for AHP model from the past events. Furthermore, we can assume unexpected cost loss by using loss distribution approach presented in the basel II. Each bank can also assume expected loss distributions of operational risk by seven event factors and eight business activities. In this research, we choose loss distribution approach so that we can calculate operational risk. In order to explain number of case happened, we choose poisson distribution, log-normal distribution for loss cost, and estimate model for Monte-Carlo simulation. Through this process which is measured by operational risk. of ABC bank, we find out that loss distribution approach explains closer unexpected cost directly compared than internal measurement approach, and makes less unexpected cost loss.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2013

This study attempts to explain the mechanism behind the migration from vertically integrated value chain architecture to an innovation ecosystem consisting of horizontally separated layers in value chain. We first present a comprehensive framework based on the theoretical analysis of the drivers for migration to an innovation ecosystem, which are standard (institution), capability distribution, and transaction costs. The theoretical framework suggests that the migration to an innovation ecosystem is explained by the influence of standard on the evolutionary change of capability distribution and transaction costs. In particular, when the new de-jure standard competes with the de-facto standard, the new de-jure standard has the greatest impact on the distribution capabilities and the transaction costs. Based on this theoretical framework, we analyze the latest SDN (Software Defined Networking) case of the network industry. SDN standard has transformed the industry from a vertically integrated value chain architecture to a horizontally separated one with its influence on the distribution capabilities and the transaction costs in the industry.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.5-15
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the service quality of a university-based convenience store on consumer satisfaction, service value, and customer loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - The questionnaire was developed by using the modified and supplementary questions based on the KD-SQS model. We used the SPSS/PC 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 statistical packages to analyze the results. For validating the research hypothesis and the structural relationship of the research model, path analysis was used. Results - The overall results of this study are as follows. We found that benefits, promotion, and convenience had a significant impact on two variables: customer satisfaction and service value. Conclusions - The basic benefits, promotions, and convenient facilities in the university-based convenience store have already received favorable reviews. Therefore, for improving customer satisfaction, it is important to improve the reliability of service, quality of human interaction, and customer service.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.15-23
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• 2018

Purpose - This paper aims to explore the distribution and application of community-based disaster risk information and employ a case study as a qualitative research method to make some implications and suggestions for disaster management in the future. Research design, data, and methodology - This research has basically adopted an idiographic approaches to examine the basic policy of integrated flood risk management of Shiga prefecture in Japan. The methodology is based on a retrospective analysis, which starts from critical events and traces backwards processes to find out what goes well or wrong. Results - The results of this paper support that the multiple stakeholders in a community have to share and distribute disaster risk information in the proper time. The distribution and application of community-based disaster risk information cannot be overemphasized in that the local communities are culturally rich in traditional flood management knowledge, have voluntary organizations and have enjoyed mutual support and human network to cope with floods. Conclusions - The study results also imply that local residents of the community will be abe to have an important role in coping with natural disasters, which involves more proactive actions than passive actions for the enhancement of disaster management.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.41-51
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• 2017

Purpose - This study proposes the impact of the US and Korean economic policy uncertainty on macroeconomy, and its effect on Korea. The economic policy uncertainty index of the US and Korea is used to represent the economic policy uncertainty on Korean economy. Research design, data, and methodology - In this paper, we collect the eight variables to find out the interrelationship among the US and Korean economic policy uncertainty index of the US and macroeconomic indicators during 1990 to 2016, and use Vector Error Correction Model. Result - The distribution industry stock index in Korea is influenced by the economic policy uncertainty index of the US rather than of Korea. All variables are related negatively to the economic policy uncertainty index of the US and Korea from Vector Error Correction Model. This study shows that the economic policy uncertainty index of the US and Korea has the dynamic relationships on the Korean economy. Conclusions - A higher economic policy uncertainty shows a greater economy recession of a country. Finally, the economic policy uncertainty of the Korea has an intensive impact on Korea economy. Particularly, the economic policy uncertainty of the US has a strong impact on distribution industry stock market in Korea.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.37-53
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• 2018

Purpose - There have been not enough studies on the ways customer Moment of Truth(MOT) activities are structured along with consumption chain and their influences as well as the relative influences of service quality at Moment of Truth on customer performance. Therefore, customer service needs needed at Moment of Truth may differ depending on whether these distribution services are at introduction-growth stages or maturity-decline stage already, but there is no study which illustrates this. Research design, data, and methodology - This study selects VoIP and IPTV as the household telecommunication and distribution services at introduction-growth stages as well as high speed internet and wire telephone as those at maturity-decline stages. Then it identifies which experiences that customers have at Moment of Truth by each service as well as the influences related to what the customers consider as important. Results - As the result of demonstration with the target of 858 respondents, customers' experiences and requests differ at Moment of Truth. For service quality, what takes the positive roles in customer performance includes corporeality and certainty for the services at introduction-growth stages as well as reliability, sympathy, and mutuality for those at maturity-decline stages. Conclusions - Implications of these results as well as further directions for study are suggested.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.17-20
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze and illustrate Amazon's business strategies and its success in terms of its distribution strategy and business practices. Research design, data, and methodology - This is an analytical case study that examines Amazon's business strategies to demonstrate the importance of technologies to the success and sustainability of its organization. Results - The analysis indicates that the business strategies, including technology, distribution infrastructure, and customer service, are the most vital factor for the success and rise of Amazon, and these strategies have separated Amazon from its competitors in both e-tail and brick and mortar retail industries. Conclusions - Given Amazon's continued growth that came with its constant strive for delivery and cost efficiency, technology innovation, and customer satisfaction, it was inevitable that Amazon would eventually venture into different types of businesses. The previous and current Amazon's business strategies demonstrate that Amazon will continue to focus on developing and implementing new and creative strategies to separate itself from the rest of the retail and e-businesses. Furthermore, retail businesses in the most high-tech countries in the world, including Japan, Korea, and Russia, may have to adopt business strategies that are similar to those of Amazon to maintain their competitiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.255-265
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• 2007

In this paper we analyzed regularity of daily patterns of distribution of Queries coming from internet search engine. And then, we proposed a Pareto distribution and Zipf law for identifying the query distribution and applied them to daily queries on the search engine during 2 week. We found that there is some evidence that Pareto and Zipf laws can be applied to evaluate the regularity of daily patterns of distribution of queries in search engine. Those results can be used to provide a better understanding of the social interests and trends using the query distribution patterns.