• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to develop a motivation scale for participation sport tourism and to produce implications of potential use of MSPST for sport tourism distribution emphasizing the needs of sport tourists and the functions required to satisfy those needs. Research design, data, and methodology - The Motivation Scale for Participation Sport Tourism (MSPST) was developed in three stages. A literature review generated 8 dimensions with 42-items in the first stage. Second, an expert review phase refined the initial item pool, which resulted in 35 items. Result - Exploratory factor analysis was employed to produce an 8-factor, 28 item pool. The reduced version was confirmed via structural equation modeling, indicating an acceptable model of fit. The final MSPST consisted of 8 dimensions of motivation, including friendship, family, solitude, challenges, intrinsic, achievement, nature, and competition. Conclusions - The MSPST is a valid and reliable scale of tourists' motives for participating in sports. The results supported the suggested measures of motives associated with participation sport tourism regarding construct, convergent and discriminant validity. A body of knowledge about motives provides insights for policy-makers seeking to support distributional industries for sport tourism and finally to promote economy on both regional and national levels.

• 경영과학
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.149-165
• /
• 2005

From the growth of internet technology, many e-commerce principles have been Introduced In airline industry. The computer reservation systems(CRS) has been considered as the first real-time business application and the earliest examples of e-commerce. in airlines, the early e-business activity was to build the web site for providing flight Information to customers. Recently, many airlines are expanding the capability of the web site for selling tickets on the web to make use of the cheaper distribution channel. In this paper, we focus on the impacts of airline e-business being implemented in airline distribution channels. Using the conjoint analysis, we suggest a model for estimating the change of market sales for each distribution channel. With the empirical survey, we can find some implications on the e-business strategy and the effective internet marketing tools for airlines.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국경영과학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
• /
• pp.99-115
• /
• 2004

From the growth of Internet technology, many e-commerce principles have been introduced in airline industry. The computer reservation systems(CRS) is the first real-time business application and considered as the earliest examples of e-commerce. In airlines, the early e-business activity was to build the web site for providing flight information to customers. Recently, many airlines are expanding the capability of the web site for selling tickets on the web to make use of the cheaper distribution channel. In this paper, we focus on the impacts of airline e-business being implemented in airline distribution channels. Using the conjoint analysis, we suggest a model for estimating the change of market sales for each distribution channel. With the empirical survey, we can find some implications on the e-business strategy and the effective internet marketing tools for airlines.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the influence of relational penetration capability on salesperson performance and the influence of customer orientation, customer knowledge accessibility, and salesperson-customer relationship quality on the relational penetration capability of the insurance service industry in Central Java. Research design, data, and methodology: This explanatory research involved 211 respondents. Path analysis was used to analyze the primary data obtained. Results: The customer orientation positively influences relational penetration capability and customer knowledge accessibility which can improve salesperson performance. The salesperson-customer relationship quality shows a positive impact on the salesperson's relational penetration capability, salesperson performance, and relational penetration capability which will lead to an improved salesperson-customer relationship. Higher knowledge levels of customer necessity have important implications for a salesperson's capability of finding potential customers and of fulfilling customers' requirements through careful analysis of necessity. Conclusions: The salespeople should be capable of building and maintaining a good relationship with their customers as an indication that salespeople of Insurance Service Company Distribution in Central Java have good performance.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.526-526
• /
• 2023

Water circulation plays a crucial role in regulating the salinity of estuaries, which is essential for the survival of estuarine organisms. Changes in freshwater inflows or sea level can have significant impacts on the distribution and abundance of species within these ecosystems. To better understand these dynamics, this paper presents a study of water circulation and salinity distribution in Seomjin River estuary using the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) numerical model. An extreme scenario was simulated to assess the potential impact of tidal currents and river flow discharge on circulation and salinity distribution. The results of this study have important implications for managing estuarine ecosystems and conserving their associated biodiversity.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.76.2-76.2
• /
• 2010

We report the extended far-ultraviolet (FUV) halo of NGC 891 above the galactic plane. The FUV intensity distribution is well described by two exponential components, one with the scale height of ~0.34 kpc and the other of ~2.3 kpc. The extraplanar FUV halo is traceable up to > 5 kpc. The FUV halo is attributable to scattered-off starlight by extraplanar dust. Using Monte-Carlo radiative transfer simulations, the FUV intensity distribution along the minor axis is found to be well modeled with two dust comonents. Its implications are discussed.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.129-146
• /
• 1996

The main purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the antecedent factors of internalization in channel system. Channel members opportunism and transaction atmosphere were identified as two major antecedent factors of internalization and some deteminants of those two factors were also analyzed. By using correlation, regression, and analysis of variance, eight research hypotheses were evaluated and all hypotheses except one were strongly supported and accepted. Some managerial implications were also discussed.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2016

In this research, we reappraise saemaul project which is a leading role of rural development in a present perspectives and deduct social and political implications for rural development. For deducting problems and implications, related documents and previous researches are reviewed. Administration statistics are also gathered and analyzed for monitoring detailed projects propulsion progress and results. Samaul project is reappraised based on previous researches such as rural development, regional agricultural production system improvement, agricultural distribution system improvement, leader breeding, income improvement, and governance. Saemaul project has basically positive characteristics because of decreasing growth gap of urban and rural area by empowering cooperation of rural residents, instilling leadership, making village fund, constricting networks of government and urban area for administrative and financial assistant. In conclusion, there are implications that continues interests of most powerful sovereignty and comprehensive assistant of government are needed for overcome agricultural and rural crisis. Saemaulundong is a united and systematic approach in village level. In south korea where most of farms are small size, village or regional level assistants started in saemaulundong are still needed. In regional development, we can infer that will and ability development of participated residents are most basic and important factors for successful project propulsion in saemaul project.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제21권7호
• /
• pp.105-116
• /
• 2023

Purpose: SMEs are one of the largest contributors to GDP for Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the effect of IT awareness and digital marketing on the performance of SMEs in the city of Makassar through product distribution. Research design, data, and methodology: IT Awareness and Digital Marketing are independent variables in this study, while Product Distribution is an intervening variable in viewing the performance of SMEs in Makassar City. The data is processed using Smart-PLS. The samples used were 381 business units operating in the city of Makassar. Results: From this study it was found that IT Awareness and Digital Marketing had a significant and positive effect on the distribution of products from SMEs in the city of Makassar. However, IT Awareness and Digital Marketing do not directly affect the performance of SMEs in the city of Makassar. So it can be concluded that both IT Awareness and Digital Marketing only affect the performance of SMEs in Makassar City through Product Distribution, not directly. Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that SMEs in the city of Makassar should start increasing their IT awareness and use digital marketing to increase their product distribution to improve the performance of their SMEs.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2015

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the importance of the slope and curvature of the volatility curve implied in option prices in the KOSPI 200 options index. A number of studies examine the implied volatility curve, however, these usually focus on cross-sectional characteristics such as the volatility smile. Contrary to previous studies, we focus on time-series characteristics; we investigate correlation dynamics among slope, curvature, and level of the implied volatility curve to capture market information embodied therein. Our study may provide useful implications for investors to utilize current market expectations in managing portfolios dynamically and efficiently. Research design, data, and methodology - For our empirical purpose, we gathered daily KOSPI200 index option prices executed at 2:50 pm in the Korean Exchange distribution market during the period of January 2, 2004 and January 31, 2012. In order to measure slope and curvature of the volatility curve, we use approximated delta distance; the slope is defined as the difference of implied volatilities between 15 delta call options and 15 delta put options; the curvature is defined as the difference between out-of-the-money (OTM) options and at-the-money (ATM) options. We use generalized method of moments (GMM) and the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) method to verify correlations among level, slope, and curvature of the implied volatility curve with statistical support. Results - We find that slope as well as curvature is positively correlated with volatility level, implying that put option prices increase in a downward market. Further, we find that curvature and slope are positively correlated; however, the relation is weakened at deep moneyness. The results lead us to examine whether slope decreases monotonically as the delta increases, and it is verified with statistical significance that the deeper the moneyness, the lower the slope. It enables us to infer that when volatility surges above a certain level due to any tail risk, investors would rather take long positions in OTM call options, expecting market recovery in the near future. Conclusions - Our results are the evidence of the investor's increasing hedging demand for put options when downside market risks are expected. Adding to this, the slope and curvature of the volatility curve may provide important information regarding the timing of market recovery from a nosedive. For financial product distributors, using the dynamic relation among the three key indicators of the implied volatility curve might be helpful in enhancing profit and gaining trust and loyalty. However, it should be noted that our implications are limited since we do not provide rigorous evidence for the predictability power of volatility curves. Meaning, we need to verify whether the slope and curvature of the volatility curve have statistical significance in predicting the market trough. As one of the verifications, for instance, the performance of trading strategy based on information of slope and curvature could be tested. We reserve this for the future research.