• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.897-904
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• 2015

Objective To investigate differences in plantar pressure distribution between a normal gait and unpredictable slip events to predict the initiation of the slipping process. Methods Eleven male participants were enrolled. Subjects walked onto a wooden tile, and two layers of oily vinyl sheet were placed on the expected spot of the 4th step to induce a slip. An insole pressure-measuring system was used to monitor plantar pressure distribution. This system measured plantar pressure in four regions (the toes, metatarsal head, arch, and heel) for three events: the step during normal gait; the recovered step, when the subject recovered from a slip; and the uncorrected, harmful slipped step. Four variables were analyzed: peak pressure (PP), contact time (CT), the pressure-time integral (PTI), and the instant of peak pressure (IPP). Results The plantar pressure pattern in the heel was unique, as compared with other parts of the sole. In the heel, PP, CT, and PTI values were high in slipped and recovered steps compared with normal steps. The IPP differed markedly among the three steps. The IPPs in the heel for the three events were, in descending order (from latest to earliest), slipped, recovered, and normal steps, whereas in the other regions the order was normal, recovered, and slipped steps. Finally, the metatarsal head-to-heel IPP ratios for the normal, recovered, and slipped steps were $6.1{\pm}2.9$, $3.1{\pm}3.0$, and $2.2{\pm}2.5$, respectively. Conclusion A distinctive plantar pressure pattern in the heel might be useful for early detection of a slip event to prevent slip-related injuries.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.463-472
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• 2022

In this study, a microbial risk assessment was performed for the bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which causes a foodborne illness following the consumption of Jeotgal, a fermented seafood in South Korea. The assessment comprised of six stages: product, market, home, consumption, dose-response, and risk. The initial contamination level (IC) was calculated based on the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in 90 Jeotgal samples. The kinetic behavior of V. parahaemolyticus was described using predictive models. The data on transportation conditions from manufacturer to market and home were collected through personal communication and from previous studies. Data for the Jeotgal consumption status were obtained, and an appropriate probability distribution was established. The simulation models responding to the scenario were analyzed using the @RISK program. The IC of V. parahaemolyticus was estimated using beta distribution [Beta (1, 91)]. The cell counts during transportation were estimated using Weibull and polynomial models [δ = 1 / (0.0718 - 0.0097 × T + 0.0005 × T²)], while the probability distributions for time and temperature were estimated using Pert, Weibull, Uniform, and LogLogistic distributions. Daily average consumption amounts were assessed using the Pareto distribution [0.60284,1.32,Risk Truncate(0,155)]. The results indicated that the risk of V. parahaemolyticus infection through Jeotgal consumption is low in South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2018

Halitosis is primarily caused by bacterial decay. The bacteria, which originate from biofilms such as dental plaque, show abnormal proliferation due to dental caries, periodontal diseases, soft tissue infections, and tongue diseases. Most studies on halitosis have exclusively focused on gram-negative bacteria in the oral cavity rather than on general oral microorganisms including oral fungi. This study analyzed oral fungal hyphae, as well as distribution and motility of oral microorganisms, and provided basic data on the control of halitosis. Our results revealed that the greater is the number of cocci bacteria, the higher is the halitosis value, or bad breath value (BBV), suggesting that cocci have a strongly positive correlation with halitosis (r=0.379, p=0.030). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the morphology or distribution of motile bacteria and motility score, with respect to BBV. Lastly, we investigated the relationship between halitosis and oral fungal hyphae. We found that a higher BBV corresponded with a greater number of fungal hyphae and that patients with fungal hyphae scored a higher BBV. However, this result was not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study provided the preliminary data on oral microorganisms and halitosis, but further studies are needed to analyze the relationship between oral microorganisms and halitosis.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.294-303
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• 2022

Frontal sinus has unique anatomical features that are distinct to every population. However, the distribution of frontal sinus patterns has yet to be explored in the Malaysian population. This study aimed to describe the distribution of frontal sinus patterns among adult Malaysians. 409 adult Malaysian posteroanterior skull radiographs, consisting of 200 males and 209 females of Malay, Chinese, and Indian races aged between 20-69 years old, were included in the study. The frontal sinus patterns were classified according to total and percentage of presence or absence of frontal sinus, symmetry or asymmetrical (right or left dominant), unilateral absence (right or left), bilateral absence, and lobulation. The findings showed that bilateral presence of frontal sinus is common, in 95.4% of individuals and bilateral absence was noted in 2.7% individuals. Unilateral absence was found in 2.0% of individuals. Asymmetrical frontal sinus was observed in 54.5% of population meanwhile 40.8% showed symmetrical frontal sinus. The majority of individuals, regardless of sex, race, and age, possessed 1 to 3 lobes on both sides of the frontal sinus. The findings suggest that the frontal sinus is highly asymmetric, and the absence of the frontal sinus is rare. This morphological variation provides an insight into the landmarking placement for measurement during forensic application and assists neurosurgeons in surgical procedure to avoid breaching of the frontal sinus.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

Purpose: It is very important to confirm conformance of dose distribution that is formed with treatment planning from IMRS or IMRT. It has been a problem dropped accuracy and conformance when the field size is getting smaller because of character of the 2D ion chamber. Verification of MatriXX Phantom dose distribution with a change in the SAD. Dose distribution measurement and analysis to improve the accuracy and should be useful to evaluate the award. Materials and Methods: A use of Novalis linear accelerator 6 MV photon beams. In general, IMRS were 25 patients with small field size. The selected patients were divided into three groups on the basis of the field size. SAD was changed from 80 to 130 cm and field size to determine the dose distribution to the change, each dose was measured using MatriXX Phantom. Analysis of measured values obtained from the program for each patient through the treatment planning system comparison and analysis of the dose distribution and gamma values were expressed. Result: SAD 80, 100, and 120 cm in size in the gamma value to the investigation of patients less than $3\;cm^2$ average 0.939, 0.969, and 0.979, respectively. Patients with more than $5\;cm^2$ 0.962, 0.983, and 0.988, respectively. $5\;cm^2$ or more patients 0.982, 0.990, and 0.992, respectively. Conclusion: The error rate of less than $3\;cm^2$ field size is increased rapidly. If the field size is increased, resolution is increased by 2D ion chambers. It has been approved that it can be credible if it is around $3\;cm^2$ when measuring dose distribution using MatriXX. Adjusting geometric field size by changing SAD is likely to be very useful when you measure dose distribution using MatriXX.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.505-517
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• 2005

The Purposes of this study were to find complementary connectible new factors that analyzed correlation relate of Sasang Constitution and GCM Body Type in Static Posture and Dynamic Hyper/Hypo-mobility Pattern. Method of this study was asymtomatic volunteers 232(unmarried man and women), conducted from September 1 to December 31. In this main study progressing step diagnosised first, Constitution of Sasang medicine after being classified into four groups of Soyangin, Taeumin, Soeumin, Taeyangin diagnosis of GCM Body Type and progressed that related Static Posture and Dynamic Hyper/Hypo mobility Pattern. The results are as follows. Distribution of Sasang Medicine Constitution proved to be Taeyangin 13, Soyangin 66, Taeumin 67, Soeumin 86 respectively. Distribution of GCM Body Type proved I Body Type 72(31.0%), II Body Type 54(23.3%), III Body Type 89(38.4%), IV Body Type 17(7.3%). The distribution of Sasang Constitution according to GCM Body Type was that; I Body Type was distributed in the order Soeumin 34.7%(25), Taeumin 31.9%(23), Soyangin 30.6%(22), Soeumin 34.7%(25) is the most people. II Body Type was distribution of in the order Soeumin 42.6%(23), Soyangin 5.9%(14), Taeumin 24.1%(13), Soeumin 42.6%(23) is the most people. III Body Type was distribution of in the order Soeumin 37.1%(33), Taeumin 30.3%(27), Soyangin 28.1%(25), Soeumin 37.1% is the most people. IV Body Type proved high distribution each of Soeumin 29.4%(5) and Soyangin 29.4%(5). In case of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about I Body Type 72 persons with left scapular and ilium forward tilted pattern proved in the order high distribution iliac crest thigh and scapular high 70(97.2%), gluteal fold high and scapular abduction 69(95.8%), lumbar scoliosis 65(90.3%). Also, in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution deep gluteal fold 69(95.8%), umbilical deviation 68(94.4%). Incase of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about n Body Type 54 persons proved in the: order high distribution knee hyperextension 50(92.6%), shoulder deviation 49(90.7%) etc. Also, in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution pelvic deviation 53(98.1%), iliac crest thigh 52(96.3%), hip flexion and ankle inversion 51(94.4%) etc. In case of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about III Body Type 89 persons proved in the order high distribution shoulder deviation 87(97.8%), scapular abduction 86(96.6%), scapular high 85(95.5%) etc. And in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution pelvic deviation and iliac crest thigh 86(96.6%) etc. In case of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about IV Body Type 17 persons proved in the order high distribution pelvic deviation, lumbar sciliosis and lumbar lordosis increase 15(88.2%) etc. Also, in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution wrist dorsiflexion 16(94.1%), thickened achilles tendon etc.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.224-230
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• 2015

Next generation sequencing technologies provide opportunities to reveal the genetic variants and differentially expressedgenes. The genetic variants are closely relevance to understanding of genes and phenotypic differences related to agronomic characteristics among cultivars. In this study, we conducted RNA-seq using two Korean soybean accessions, including Daewon and Hwangkeum, by using next generation sequencing against Williams 82 genome as reference. A number of variants such assingle nucleotide variants (SNV), multiple nucleotide variants (MNV), insertion/deletion (InDel) and replacement, was 34,411 and 55,544 in Daewon and Hwangkeum, respectively. Among these variants, 9,611 nonsynonymous variants were detected within 4,290 genes in Daewon and 13,225 non-synonymous variants were located on 5,672 genes in Hwangkeum. The distribution of nonsynonymous variants and expression values of genes can serve as invaluable resource for genotyping and study of traits within genes for soybean improvements.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.762-771
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• 2017

Predicting the amount and distribution of moisture content within wood allows calculating the various mechanical dynamics of the wood as well as determining the drying time. For boxed-heart wood with a large cross-section, since it is difficult to measure the moisture content of the interior, it is necessary to predict the moisture content distribution. This study predicted the moisture movement in boxed-heart red pine timber, during high temperature drying, by using the three-dimensional finite difference method for the efficient drying process. During drying for 72 h, the predicted and actual moisture content of the tested wood tended to decrease at a similar rate. In contrast, the actual moisture content at 196 and 240 h was lower than predicted because surface checking of the wood occurred from 72 h and excessive water emission was unexpectedly occurred from the checked and splitted surface.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2010

The picking process in distribution center is one of the most difficult and time-consuming process. The improvement of picking productivity is a core element which decides efficiency of the distribution center. The time to shipping on vehicles from receiving depends on the arrangement of items or picking methods. The Pick to Light system typically is used to improve the efficiency of order picking. In some cases the layout design of Pick to Light system has been performed rather than scientific analysis by a common experience. Therefore, this study analyzed the impact of picking performance by the zone arrangement method in order picking process of Pick to Light system.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2024

This study delves into the interaction dynamics between lateral notches and inclusions, providing valuable insights for more effective engineering of structural components. By employing the finite element method, the research analyzes how inclusions affect the dimensions and contours of the plastic zone under confined plasticity conditions. Several parameters were investigated, including loading influence, the distance between the inclusion and notch tip, inclusion stiffness, and the distribution of Von Mises stress, as well as normal stresses σxx and σyy, and Comparison between different stresses. Examining stress distributions under varying loading conditions reveals a significant intensification, particularly near the crack tip. Moreover, the presence of an inclusion near the notch base reduces both the size and shape of the plastic zone. The distribution of the stresses for different loads knows an increase in intensity, especially near the crack head, which is the most requested by the tensile forces on its upper part, which can cause either the crack's initiation or opening, inducing significant stresses.