• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2013

Cicuta virosa is an endangered species in Korea, which is a southern marginal area. To conserve and restore habitats of this plant, we investigated water and soil environmental characteristics and vegetation at four habitats during the growing season. The C. virosa habitats differed in community structure, water and substrate properties, and water regime. Although the total distribution ranges of the water and soil environments for C. virosa were wide and overlapped with the optimal environmental range of distribution of accompanying species, the optimal water level range for C. virosa was defined as $7{\pm}3.5$ cm. Water level was adjusted by substrate structure such as a mound of P. japonica and a floating mat comprised of accompanying species. A floating mat was an aid to maintain an optimal and stable water level in deep or fluctuating water and to prevent strong competition with prolific macrophytes. The GS sampling site, which had floating mats, could be a good model for C. virosa conservation in a warm temperate region, whereas the PC sampling sites, which experienced a water shortage in spring, provided a clue about the decline in C. virosa population size.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.111-123
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• 2001

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate distribution of periodontal status and treatment need between smokers and nonsmokers. Methods : Interview and measurement was completed by 82 smoker students and 59 nonsmoker students in Taegu Health College from April 1 to 31, 2001. The community periodontal index of treatment needs(CPITN) was analyzed by percentage. Results : In distribution of CPITN by age, almost all subjects had periodontal diseases except for aged 20~24 years nonsmokers(4%). Smoking 5 cigarettes per a day, up to 10, and above 10 increased 5.3%. 7.1%. and 9.5% in 4 score of CPITN, respectively. In years of smoking, smokers who had above 5 years(13.5%) were higher than below those(6.7%), 20% for smoker who take tooth brushing once per a day had higher than 8.3%(or three in depth of pocket above 6mm. In treatment need, all subjects should take education(or oral health except for aged 20~24 years nonsmokers(4%), 96% of smokers and nonsmokers were need scaling. Conclusion : This study indicated that treatment needs for periodontal diseases and scaling in smoker were higher than nonsmoker those.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1982

The correlation between the serotypes and sensitivity distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied with stock strains of department, strains isolated from various clinical sources and strains of haspital environment of the past two years. Two hundred and fifty seven strains were typable and 38 strains were untypable out of 295 clinical sorces. Serotype B was most provalent(27.6%) followed by serotype G(24.9%), serotype E(23.3%) and serotype A(7.8%) among 257 typable strains. However, no serotype J,L and M were observed. Serotype B,G,E and A were isolated from pus, sputum, wound, burn site and urine. Serotypes E were most frequently isolated from nasal discharge and serotypes K were isolated from pus. There were no apparent differences in sensitivity distribution of streptomycin, carbenicillin and ampicillin between the clinical and The environmental origin. However, the strains of environmental origin were found to be relatively more susceptable to tetracycline, gentamicin and fradiomycin than the strains of clinical sources in high concentration. The strains of clinical sources of serotype B,G,E and A showed different resistant patterns to all antimicrobial agents except for carbenicillin. Serotype E showed the highest percentage resistance followed by serotype G,B and A.

• IE interfaces
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 2012

M/G/1 queue with server vacations period depending on the previous vacation and customer's arrival is considered. Most existing studies on M/G/1 queue with server vacations assume that server vacations are independent of customers' arrival. However, some vacations are terminated by some class of customers' arrival in certain queueing systems. In this paper, therefore, we investigate M/G/1 queue with server vacations where each vacation period has different distribution and vacation length is influenced by customers' arrival. Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the waiting time distribution and the distribution of number of customers waiting for each class of customers are respectively derived. As performance measures, mean waiting time and average number of customers waiting for each class of customers are also derived.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 2014

Purpose - This study classified consumers' value inclination to find out ways to enhance consumers' eco-friendly product purchase intention. Further, it verified the differences among eco-friendly product purchase intentions depending upon value inclination. Research design, data, and methodology - The structured model and hypotheses were established, and 202 copies of effective questionnaires were used. In order to verify the hypotheses, we used single regression analysis, multiple regression, 3-step mediating regression, and path analysis. Results - Individualism had a positive influence upon materialism, need for uniqueness, and face wants, and collectivism had a positive influence upon materialism only. Factors of self-expressive consumption inclination had a positive influence upon eco-friendly product purchase intention, and factors of value inclination also had a positive influence. Finally, self-expressive consumption inclination mediated between value inclination and eco-friendly product purchase intention. Conclusion - Consumers with individualism inclination felt the need to connect the ownership of an eco-friendly product with their extended self and, further, it was clear that not only the government but also enterprises should build up their public image regarding eco-friendly products.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.194-202
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• 2009

Sulfated fucans are known to have both anti-thrombotic and anti-coagulant activities. In this study, the variation in platelet aggregation and anti-coagulant activities was investigated in vitro with regard to administered dose, molecular weight distribution, sulfate content, and sugar composition in two algal fucoidans from Eisenia bicyclis and Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls (Mekabu). The anti-coagulant activity largely correlated with sulfate content and with molecular weight distribution in a dose-dependent manner. However, both fucoidans demonstrated inhibitory responses to ADP-induced platelet aggregation in dose- and structure-dependent manners that contrasted with the anti-coagulant activity. Neither molecular weight distribution nor sulfate content greatly affected platelet-aggregation inhibition (PA-inhibition) by the fucoidan fractions, whereas anti-coagulant activity was sensitive to these structural factors. Interestingly, an E. bicyclis fucoidan fraction exhibited almost complete PA-inhibition at a treatment dose of 500 mg/mL while retaining weak anti-coagulant activity. In conclusion, these observations suggest that fucoidan may be a useful anti-thrombotic or anti-platelet agent in various arterial thrombotic disorders, including post-vascular intervention with controlled bleeding complications, due to its anti-coagulant modulating activity.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.453-458
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• 2018

Geomechanical parameters are important factors for engineering projects during design, construction and support stages of tunnel and dam projects. Geostatistical estimation methods are known as one of the most significant approach at estimation of Geomechanical parameters. In this study, Azad dam headrace tunnel is chosen to estimate Geomechanical parameters such as Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) by ordinary kriging as a geostatistical method. Also Rock Mass Rating (RMR) distribution is presented along the tunnel. Main aim in employment of geostatistical methods is estimation of points that unsampled by sampled points.To estimation of parameters, initially data are transformed to Gaussian distribution, next structural data analysis is completed, and then ordinary kriging is applied. At end, specified distribution maps for each parameter are presented. Results from the geostatistical estimation method and actual data have been compared. Results show that, the estimated parameters with this method are very close to the actual parameters. Regarding to the reduction of costs and time consuming, this method can use to geomechanical estimation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

Bonding of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites has become a popular technique for strengthening concrete structures in recent years. The bond stress between concrete and CFRP is the main factor determining the strength, rigidity, failure mode and behavior of a reinforced concrete member strengthened with CFRP. The accurate evaluation of the strain is required for analytical calculations and design processes. In this study, the strain between concrete and bonded CFRP sheets across the notch is tested. In this paper, indirect axial tension is applied to CFRP bonded test specimen by a four point bending tests. The variables studied in this research are CFRP sheet width, bond length and the concrete compression strength. Furthermore, the effect of a crack- modeled as a notch- on the strain distribution is studied. It is observed that the strain in the CFRP to concrete interface reaches its maximum values near the crack tips. It is also observed that extending the CFRP sheet more than to a certain length does not affect the strength and the strain distribution of the bonding. The stress distribution obtained from experiments are compared to Chen and Teng's (2001) analytical model.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2005

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for breast cancer and early screening behavior in women in the community. Method: The participants were 125 women residing in W city. Data was collected using an instrument developed by the researchers. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics, and the $x^2$ test. Result: For risk based on the Gail Model, age (above 50 years) had a distribution of 24.8%, first degree family history, 4.9%, age at first full term pregnancy, 13.8%, and benign breast cancer history, 4.9%. For risk based on other common risk factors, menopause had a distribution of 20.7%, did not breast feed, 15.4%, history of HRT, 7.3%, meat preference, 35.0%, and history of smoking or drinking, 2.4% and 43.5%, respectively. There was a significant difference in BSE and mammography screening behavior ($x^2=22.5$, p<.00), but no difference in distribution of risk factors and screening behavior. Conclusion: For effective prevention of breast cancer, it is necessary to develop an instrument for risk assessment and, through assessment, select women at high risk. It is also necessary to provide education and appropriate recommendations on screening behavior.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Purpose - This study evaluates the mutual influential power regarding the trade volumes of Japan and USA, based on a literature review and an empirical analysis. Through the literature review, I could evaluate each country's actual import-export volume and its status. Further, I could evaluate how each country could influence its trade outcome, through empirical analysis. Research design, data, and methodology - This study aims to review the trade structure to improve Japan-USA economic and social cooperation, as the two countries have reciprocal complementary features, and to examine trade weaknesses and analyze factors influencing trade and its direction, as well as to identify ways to expand trade. Results - The intra-economic potential cooperation fields are numerous. Additionally, anticipated profits from these fields are stable as compared to other fields in the regional economic integration. Conclusion - The interrelations between the two economic identities can provide optimal opportunities for industrial technology cooperation. Under the current aggravated competition in industrial fields, it is advisable to identify ways to secure stable resource suppliers, including the development of export markets.